Itsinda ry’ubushakashatsi kuri aluminium rya Mysteel ryakoze ubushakashatsi risanga impuzandengo y’ikiguzi cyose cy’inganda za aluminium zo mu Bushinwa muri Mata 2022 cyari yuan 17.152 kuri toni, cyazamutseho yuan 479 kuri toni ugereranije na Werurwe. Ugereranyije n’igiciro cy’ingufu cya yuan 21569 kuri toni cya Shanghai Iron and Steel Association, inganda zose zungutse yuan 4417 kuri toni. Muri Mata, ibiciro byose byaravanzwe, muri byo igiciro cya alumina cyaragabanutse cyane, igiciro cy’amashanyarazi cyarahindagurikaga mu turere dutandukanye ariko imikorere muri rusange yarazamutse, kandi igiciro cya anode yatetse cyakomeje kuzamuka. Muri Mata, ibiciro n’ibiciro byagiye mu cyerekezo gitandukanye, ibiciro bizamuka n’ibiciro biragabanuka, kandi inyungu y’inganda yagabanutseho yuan 1541 kuri toni ugereranije na Werurwe.
Muri Mata bitewe n’icyorezo cyo mu gihugu, hagaragaye ibintu byinshi kandi ikibazo cy’akarere, ku isoko ryose, igihembwe cy’impeshyi cyari gisanzwe kitigeze kigera, kandi uko kwangirika no gukumira no kurwanya icyorezo byiyongera, abitabiriye isoko ku mpungenge z’ubukungu bw’umwaka ziyongera, hamwe n’ubushobozi bwo gukora aluminiyumu ikoresheje amashanyarazi n’umusaruro mushya uracyariyongera, ibiciro bitangwa biruta ibikenewe ku buryo imiterere y’ikigo idahuye neza. Ibyo, nabyo bigira ingaruka ku nyungu z’ibigo.
Ibigo bya aluminiyumu bikoresha amashanyarazi muri Mata bigomba kuzana ibiciro byabyo by'amashanyarazi mu gihugu, mu gihe ingwate yo gushyiraho politiki ihamye y'ibiciro mu nganda z'amakara, ariko kubera ko uruganda rw'amashanyarazi rwihaye rwihariye rw'ibigo bya aluminiyumu bikoresha amashanyarazi menshi nta gahunda y'igihe kirekire rufite, byagizweho ingaruka n'icyorezo cy'ibintu byo hanze nko gutwara abantu, impanuka zo mu muhanda wa daqin, hamwe n'ingaruka zagaragaye mu 2021, impungenge z'ibura ry'amakara, uruganda rw'amashanyarazi rwihaye rwihariye rw'uruganda rwa aluminiyumu rurimo kongera ububiko bw'amakara, ibiciro byo kugura ububiko nabyo byarazamutse.
Amakuru aheruka aturuka mu Kigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ibarurishamibare yagaragaje ko umusaruro w’amakara kuva muri Mutarama kugeza muri Werurwe wari toni miliyoni 1.083.859, wiyongereyeho 10.3% ugereranyije n’umwaka. Muri Werurwe, toni miliyoni 396 z’amakara mabi zakozwe, ziyongereyeho 14.8% ugereranyije n’umwaka, amanota 4.5 ku ijana ugereranyije na Mutarama-Gashyantare. Kuva muri Werurwe, politiki yo kongera umusaruro w’amakara n’itangwa ryayo yongerewe imbaraga, kandi intara n’uturere binini bicukura amakara byashyizeho imbaraga zose zo gukoresha ubushobozi no kongera ubushobozi bwo kongera amakara. Muri icyo gihe, bitewe n’ubwiyongere bw’ingufu zikomoka ku mazi n’izindi ngufu zisukuye, inganda z’amashanyarazi n’ibindi bigo bikomeye bigenzura umuvuduko w’amasoko. Dukurikije imibare ya Mysteel, kugeza ku ya 29 Mata, ububiko bw’amakara mu turere 72 tw’igihugu bwari toni miliyoni 10.446, hamwe na toni 393.000 z’ikoreshwa rya buri munsi n’iminsi 26.6 y’iminsi ihari, byariyongereye cyane ugereranyije n’iminsi 19.7 mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe mu mpera za Werurwe.
Ukurikije uburyo amakara yagurishwaga n’uburyo atangwa, hakurikijwe igiciro mpuzandengo cy’amakara cya buri kwezi, igiciro mpuzandengo cy’amashanyarazi yishyurwaga n’inganda zose muri Mata cyari 0.42 yuan/KWH, 0.014 yuan/KWH hejuru y’icyo muri Werurwe. Ku bushobozi bwo gukoresha amashanyarazi yishyurwaga n’izitangwa, igiciro mpuzandengo cy’amashanyarazi cyiyongereyeho hafi yuan 190 kuri toni.
Ugereranyije na Werurwe, igiciro cy'amashanyarazi cyaguzwe mu bigo by'amashanyarazi bya aluminium byo mu gihugu cyariyongereye cyane muri Mata, kandi urwego rw'ubucuruzi bw'amashanyarazi ku isoko rwarushijeho kuba hejuru. Igiciro cy'amashanyarazi cyaguzwe mu bigo nticyari kikiri uburyo bwo gufunga igiciro kimwe mu myaka ibiri ishize, ahubwo cyarahindutse buri kwezi. Hari kandi ibintu byinshi bigira ingaruka ku giciro cy'amashanyarazi cyaguzwe, nko guhuza amakara n'amashanyarazi mu ruganda rw'amashanyarazi, igiciro cy'amashanyarazi cya aluminium, n'impinduka ku gipimo cy'ingufu zisukuye mu mashanyarazi yaguzwe. Ikoreshwa ry'ingufu nyinshi riterwa n'umusaruro udahoraho wa aluminium mu amashanyarazi ni nabyo byatumye ikiguzi cy'amashanyarazi cya bimwe mu bigo, nka Guangxi na Yunnan kiyongera. Imibare y'ubushakashatsi bwa Mysteel, muri Mata ibigo by'igihugu bya aluminium mu amashanyarazi byashyize mu bikorwa igiciro cy'amashanyarazi cya 0.465 yuan/dogere, ugereranije na Werurwe cyiyongereyeho 0.03 yuan/dogere. Ku bushobozi bwo gukora hakoreshejwe ingufu z'amashanyarazi, impuzandengo y'ibiciro by'amashanyarazi bigera kuri 400 yuan/toni.
Dukurikije imibare yuzuye, igiciro cy’amashanyarazi cyapimwe mu nganda za aluminiyumu zo mu Bushinwa muri Mata cyari 0.438 yuan/KWH, 0.02 yuan/KWH hejuru y’icya Werurwe. Ikigenderewe ni uko umuvuduko wo gutanga amasoko y’amashanyarazi hanze uzahinduka uko ububiko bw’amakara y’inganda za aluminiyumu bwemejwe. Igiciro cy’amakara ubu kirimo guhura n’ibintu byinshi bigira ingaruka. Ku ruhande rumwe, ni ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya politiki yo kwemeza ko ibiciro bitangwa kandi bigatuza. Ku rundi ruhande, icyifuzo cy’amashanyarazi kiziyongera uko icyorezo gikomeza kwiyongera, ariko uruhare rw’ingufu z’amazi ruzakomeza kwiyongera uko ibihe by’imvura bizagenda. Ariko, igiciro cy’amashanyarazi cyaguzwe kizahura n’icyizere cyo kugabanuka. Uburengerazuba bw’Amajyepfo y’Ubushinwa bwinjiye mu gihe cy’imvura, kandi igiciro cy’amashanyarazi cy’inganda za aluminiyumu zo mu Bushinwa kizagabanuka cyane. Hagati aho, zimwe mu nganda zifite igiciro cy’amashanyarazi kiri hejuru ziharanira kugabanya igiciro cy’amashanyarazi. Muri rusange, ibiciro by’amashanyarazi mu nganda bizagabanuka muri Gicurasi.
Ibiciro bya alumina kuva mu gice cya kabiri cya Gashyantare byatangiye kwiyongera, kandi igabanuka ryabaye mu kwezi kose kwa Werurwe, mu mpera za Werurwe ryabaye rito, kugeza mu mpera za Mata, izamuka rito, kandi muri Mata uruziga rwo gupima ikiguzi cya alumina rugaragaza ko ikiguzi cya alumina cyagabanutse cyane. Bitewe n'imiterere itandukanye y'ibicuruzwa n'ibikenewe mu karere, igabanuka riratandukanye mu majyepfo no mu majyaruguru, muri yo hakaba harimo igabanuka mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba riri hagati ya yuan 110-120 kuri toni, mu gihe igabanuka mu majyaruguru riri hagati ya yuan 140-160 kuri toni.
Iyi gahunda igaragaza ko urwego rw'inyungu mu nganda za aluminiyumu zizahinduka cyane muri Gicurasi. Kubera igabanuka ry'igiciro cya aluminiyumu, zimwe mu nganda zihenze cyane zinjira mu gihombo cy'ikiguzi cyose.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-13-2022