Bitewe n’iterambere ryihuse ry’imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu ku isi, isoko ry’ibikoresho bya anode ya bateri ya lithium ryiyongereye cyane. Imibare igaragaza ko mu 2021, ibigo umunani bikomeye mu nganda bya anode ya bateri ya lithium biteganya kwagura ubushobozi bwabyo bwo gukora kugeza kuri toni hafi miliyoni imwe. Gutunganya imiterere y’imashini bifite ingaruka zikomeye ku gipimo n’ikiguzi cy’ibikoresho bya anode. Ibikoresho bya graphitization mu Bushinwa bifite ubwoko bwinshi, ikoreshwa ry’ingufu nyinshi, umwanda mwinshi n’urwego ruto rwo gukora ikoranabuhanga, ibyo bigatuma ibikoresho bya anode ya graphite bigabanuka ku rugero runaka. Ni cyo kibazo nyamukuru kigomba gukemurwa byihutirwa mu gikorwa cyo gukora ibikoresho bya anode.
1. Imiterere y'ubu n'igereranya ry'itanura rya graphitization ritari ryiza
1.1 Igikoresho cyo gushushanya gikozwe mu buryo bwa Atchison negative
Mu bwoko bw'itanura ryahinduwe hashingiwe ku itanura risanzwe rya Aitcheson rikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya grafitisation, itanura rya mbere ririmo grafiti nk'iry'ibikoresho bya electrode mbi (itsinda rikoresha electrode mbi za karuboni), igice cy'imbere cy'itanura cyuzuyemo ibikoresho birwanya ubushyuhe, igice cyo hanze cyuzuyemo ibikoresho bikingira ubushyuhe n'ibikoresho bikingira inkuta z'itanura. Nyuma yo gukoresha amashanyarazi, ubushyuhe bwinshi bwa 2800 ~ 3000℃ buterwa ahanini no gushyushya ibikoresho birwanya ubushyuhe, kandi ibikoresho bibi biri mu itsinda bishyushywa mu buryo butaziguye kugira ngo haboneke inki y'amabuye y'ibikoresho bibi bikoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi.
1.2. Ifuru yo gushyiramo ubushyuhe bw'imbere mu gikoresho cyo gushushanya
Icyitegererezo cy'itanura ni icyerekezo cy'itanura rya graphitization rikoreshwa mu gukora electrodes za grafiti, kandi electrode nyinshi zikoreshwa mu gukurura (zifite ibikoresho bya electrode negatif) zihujwe mu buryo burambuye. Electrode crucible ni igikoresho gitwara ibintu kandi gishyushya, kandi umuriro unyura muri electrode crucible kugira ngo utange ubushyuhe bwinshi kandi ushyushye mu buryo butaziguye ibikoresho bya electrode negatif by'imbere. Uburyo bwa GRAPHitization ntibukoresha ibikoresho birwanya, byoroshya imikorere yo gupakira no guteka, kandi bigabanya igihombo cyo kubika ubushyuhe bw'ibikoresho birwanya, bikagabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu.
1.3 Ifuru yo gushyiramo graphitization y'ubwoko bwa grid bo mu gasanduku
Ikoreshwa rya No.1 riri kwiyongera mu myaka ya vuba aha, icy'ingenzi ni ikoranabuhanga ryizwe rya Series Acheson Graphitization Furnace n'ikoranabuhanga rihuriweho ry'itanura rya graphitizing, core y'itanura yo gukoresha ibice byinshi bya anode plate grid ibikoresho imiterere y'agasanduku, ibikoresho byinjira muri cathode mu bikoresho fatizo, binyuze mu guhuza kose hagati y'inkingi ya anode plate irahamye, buri gikoresho, hakoreshejwe agafunga ka anode plate hamwe n'ibikoresho bimwe. Inkingi n'agasanduku ka anode by'imiterere y'agasanduku k'ibikoresho hamwe bigize umubiri ushyushya. Amashanyarazi anyura muri electrode y'umutwe w'itanura ajya mu mubiri ushyushya w'inkingi y'itanura, kandi ubushyuhe bwinshi buvamo bushyushya neza ibikoresho bya anode biri mu gasanduku kugira ngo bigere ku ntego ya graphitization.
1.4 Kugereranya ubwoko butatu bw'ifuru ya graphitization
Ifuru ya grafitisation y'ubushyuhe bw'imbere ikoreshwa mu gushyushya ibikoresho mu buryo butaziguye ishyushya electrode ya grafiti y'ubushyuhe. "Ubushyuhe bwa Joule" bukorwa n'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi unyuze muri electrode crucible bukoreshwa cyane mu gushyushya ibikoresho no mu gushyushya. Umuvuduko wo gushyushya ni wihuta, ubushyuhe bukwirakwira buringaniye, kandi imikorere y'ubushyuhe iri hejuru ugereranyije n'ifuru isanzwe ya Atchison ifite ubushyuhe bw'ibikoresho birwanya. Ifuru ya grafitisation y'agasanduku ka grid-box ikoresha ibyiza by'ifuru ya grafitisation y'ubushyuhe bw'imbere, kandi ikoresha plate ya anode yatetse mbere ku giciro gito nk'umubiri ushyushya. Ugereranyije n'ifuru ya grafitisation y'agasanduku ka grid-box, ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibikoresho bya graphitis y'agasanduku ka grid-box ni bwinshi, kandi ikoreshwa ry'ingufu kuri buri gicuruzwa riragabanuka uko bikwiye.
2. Icyerekezo cy'iterambere ry'itanura rigaragaza imiterere mibi y'imashini
2. 1 Kunoza imiterere y'urukuta rw'umuzenguruko
Kugeza ubu, urwego rwo gukingira ubushyuhe rw'itanura rya graphitization ryuzuyemo cyane cyane umukara wa karuboni na coke ya peteroli. Iki gice cy'ibikoresho byo gukingira ubushyuhe mu gihe cyo gukora oxidation y'ubushyuhe bwinshi kirashya, buri gihe iyo habayeho gusohora ibikoresho byihariye byo gukingira, hagasimburwa inzira y'ibidukikije bibi, imbaraga nyinshi z'abakozi.
Ushobora gutekereza ku gukoresha sima ikomeye cyane kandi ifite ubushyuhe bwinshi, wongera imbaraga rusange, ukareba ko urukuta mu gihe cyose cyo gukora rudahinduka, ugafunga amatafari icyarimwe, ukarinda umwuka mwinshi unyura mu cyuho cy'urukuta rw'amatafari n'icyuho cy'ingingo mu itanura, ukagabanya igihombo cyo gutwika ibikoresho bikingira ubushyuhe n'ibikoresho bya anode;
Icya kabiri ni ugushyiraho urwego rw'ubushyuhe rukoreshwa mu gukingira umuriro rumanitse hanze y'urukuta rw'itanura, nko gukoresha fiberboard ikomeye cyane cyangwa calcium silicate board, urwego rwo gushyushya rugira uruhare rufatika mu gufunga no gukingira umuriro, urwego rwo gukonja rworoshye gukuraho kugira ngo hakonje vuba; Icya gatatu, umuyoboro w'ubushyuhe ushyirwa hasi mu itanura no ku rukuta rw'itanura. Umuyoboro w'ubushyuhe ukoresha imiterere y'amatafari ya lattice hamwe n'umunwa w'umugore w'umukandara, mu gihe ushyigikira sima ikoreshwa mu bushyuhe bwinshi, kandi ukareba uburyo umwuka ukoreshwa mu gukonja mu gihe cy'ubukonje.
2. 2 Kunoza umurongo w'amashanyarazi ukoresheje uburyo bwo gupima imibare
Kuri ubu, umurongo w'amashanyarazi w'itanura rya graphitization rya electrode negative ukorwa hakurikijwe uburambe, kandi inzira ya graphitization ihindurwa n'intoki igihe icyo ari cyo cyose hakurikijwe ubushyuhe n'imiterere y'itanura, kandi nta gipimo gihuriweho. Gutunganya umurongo w'amashanyarazi bishobora kugabanya cyane ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi no kwemeza ko itanura rikora neza. ISHUSHO Y'IMIBARE YO GUSHYIRAHO INGANO Y'INGANO IGOMBA GUSHINGWA hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa siyansi hakurikijwe imiterere itandukanye y'imipaka n'ibipimo by'umubiri, kandi isano iri hagati y'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi, voltage, ingufu zose n'ikwirakwizwa ry'ubushyuhe bw'igice cy'amashanyarazi mu nzira ya graphITization igomba gusesengurwa, kugira ngo hakorwe umurongo w'amashanyarazi ukwiye kandi ukomeze kuwukosora mu mikorere nyayo. Nk'uko biri mu ntangiriro zo kohereza ingufu, ni ugukoresha uburyo bwo kohereza ingufu nyinshi, hanyuma ukagabanya ingufu vuba hanyuma ukazamuka buhoro buhoro, ingufu hanyuma ukagabanya ingufu kugeza umuriro urangiye.
2. 3 Kongera igihe cyo gukora cy'umubiri ushyushya n'ukoresha icyuma gishyushya
Uretse ikoreshwa ry'ingufu, igihe cyo gukoresha icyuma gishyushya n'icyuma gishyushya kigena kandi ikiguzi cyo gukoresha icyuma gishyushya. Ku mubiri ushyushya icyuma gishyushya n'icyuma gishyushya, uburyo bwo gucunga umusaruro bwo gusohora, kugenzura neza igipimo cyo gushyushya no gukonjesha, umurongo wo gukora icyuma gishyushya, kongera ingufu zo gufunga kugira ngo hirindwe ogisijeni n'izindi ngamba zo kongera igihe cyo kongera gukoresha icyuma gishyushya, kugabanya neza ikiguzi cyo gukoresha icyuma gishyushya. Uretse ibipimo byavuzwe haruguru, icyuma gishyushya icyuma gishyushya icyuma gishyushya gishobora kandi gukoreshwa nk'ibikoresho bishyushya anode yatetse mbere, electrode cyangwa ibikoresho bihamye bya karubone bifite ubushobozi bwo kugabanya ikiguzi cya graphitization kugira ngo bizigame ikiguzi cya graphitization.
2.4 Kugenzura imyuka ikoresha amazi n'ikoreshwa ry'ubushyuhe bw'imyanda
Imyuka ikomoka ku isuku ikorwa mu gihe cyo gushushanya ahanini ituruka ku isuku n'ibikomoka ku gutwika by'ibikoresho bya anode, gutwika karubone yo hejuru, gusohora umwuka n'ibindi. Mu ntangiriro y'itara, isuku n'umukungugu biva mu bwinshi, imiterere y'aho bakorera iba mibi, ibigo byinshi nta ngamba zo kuvura zifatika bigira, iki ni cyo kibazo gikomeye kigira ingaruka ku buzima n'umutekano by'abakozi mu gukora electrode mbi. Hakwiye gushyirwa imbaraga nyinshi mu gusuzuma neza uburyo bwo gukusanya no gucunga neza imyuka ikomoka ku isuku n'umukungugu mu icungamutungo, kandi hagafatwa ingamba zikwiye zo guhumeka kugira ngo hagabanuke ubushyuhe mu icungamutungo no kunoza imiterere y'aho bakorera mu icungamutungo.
Nyuma y’uko umwuka w’umuyoboro w’amazi ushobora gukusanywa unyuze mu muyoboro w’amazi ujya mu cyumba cyo gutwika givanze n’umuriro, gukuramo kaburimbo n’umukungugu mwinshi muri gazi y’umuyoboro w’amazi, biteganijwe ko ubushyuhe bwa gazi y’umuyoboro w’amazi mu cyumba cyo gutwika burenze 800°C, kandi ubushyuhe bw’imyanda ya gazi y’umuyoboro w’amazi bushobora kugaruzwa binyuze mu gikoresho cyo gutwika imyanda cyangwa icyuma gihindura ubushyuhe. Ikoranabuhanga rya RTO ryo gutwika umwotsi wa karuboni rishobora no gukoreshwa nk'iry’ibanze, kandi gazi y’umuyoboro w’amazi ishyushywa kugeza kuri 850 ~ 900°C. Binyuze mu gutwika ubushyuhe, asphalt n’ibice bihindagurika hamwe n’ibindi binyabutabire bya hydrocarboni bihumura neza muri gazi y’umuyoboro w’amazi birahinduka oxidized hanyuma bigahinduka CO2 na H2O, kandi ubushobozi bwo gusukura neza bushobora kugera kuri 99%. Sisitemu ifite imikorere ihamye n’umuvuduko wo gukora uri hejuru.
2. 5 Ifuru igororotse ikomeza gushushanya neza
Ubwoko butandukanye bw'itanura rya graphitization ryavuzwe haruguru ni imiterere nyamukuru y'itanura mu gukora ibikoresho bya anode mu Bushinwa, ikintu gihuriweho ni ugukora buri gihe, ubushobozi buke bw'ubushyuhe, gusohora ibikoresho bishingiye ahanini ku gukora n'intoki, urwego rw'imikorere y'ikoranabuhanga ntabwo ruri hejuru. Itanuru nk'iri rihagaze rihindagurika rishobora guterwa hifashishijwe icyitegererezo cy'itanura rya calcination rya peteroli coke na bauxite calcination shaft flar. Ingufu ya ARC IS ikoreshwa nk'isoko y'ubushyuhe bwinshi, ibikoresho bihora bisohoka bitewe n'uburemere bwabyo, kandi imiterere isanzwe yo gukonjesha amazi cyangwa gasification ikoreshwa mu gukonjesha ibikoresho bishyushye cyane mu gace koherezwamo, kandi sisitemu yo kohereza ifu ikoreshwa mu gusohora no kugaburira ibikoresho hanze y'itanura. Ubwoko bwa FURNACE bushobora gukora umusaruro uhoraho, igihombo cyo kubika ubushyuhe mu mubiri w'itanura gishobora kwirengagizwa, bityo ubushobozi bw'ubushyuhe burushaho kwiyongera, inyungu zo gutanga n'ikoreshwa ry'ingufu ziragaragara, kandi imikorere yose yikora ishobora kugerwaho byuzuye. Ibibazo by'ingenzi bigomba gukemurwa ni ukuva kw'ifu, ubunini bw'ubunini bwa grafitis, umutekano, kugenzura ubushyuhe n'ubukonje, n'ibindi. Bikekwa ko hamwe n'iterambere ryiza ry'itanura kugira ngo rirusheho kubyazwa umusaruro mu nganda, bizatera impinduka mu rwego rwo gukoresha grafitis za electrode mbi.
3 ururimi rw'ipfundo
Uburyo bwo gukora imashini ya grafiti ni bwo bubangamiye cyane abakora ibikoresho bya anode ya bateri ya lithium. Impamvu nyamukuru ni uko hakiri ibibazo bimwe na bimwe mu mikoreshereze y'amashanyarazi, ikiguzi, kurengera ibidukikije, urwego rw'imikorere y'amashanyarazi, umutekano n'ibindi bintu bikoreshwa cyane mu itanura rya grafiti rikoreshwa buri gihe. Icyerekezo cy'inganda mu gihe kizaza ni uguteza imbere imiterere y'itanura rikora imashini zikora kandi ziteguye neza, no gushyigikira ibikoresho by'inyongera bikuze kandi byizewe. Muri icyo gihe, ibibazo byo gukora imashini zikora imashini bizarushaho kunozwa cyane, kandi inganda zizinjire mu gihe cy'iterambere rihamye, bikongera iterambere ryihuse ry'inganda nshya zijyanye n'ingufu.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-19-2022