Ibikoresho fatizo: Ni ibihe bikoresho fatizo bikoreshwa mu gukora karuboni?
Mu ikorwa rya karuboni, ibikoresho fatizo bikoreshwa ubusanzwe bishobora kugabanywamo ibikoresho fatizo bya karuboni ikomeye n'ibikoresho bifunga n'ibitera gutera.
Ibikoresho fatizo bya karuboni ikomeye birimo peteroli, bituminous coke, metallurgical coke, anthracite, grafiti karemano n'ibisigazwa bya grafiti, nibindi.
Ibikoresho byo gufunga no gutera inda birimo ubutare bw'amakara, ubutare bw'amakara, amavuta ya anthracene na resin y'ubukorikori, n'ibindi.
Byongeye kandi, bimwe mu bikoresho by'inyongera nk'umucanga wa quartz, uduce twa coke tw'ibyuma n'ifu ya coke nabyo bikoreshwa mu gukora.
Bimwe mu bikoresho byihariye bya karuboni na grafiti (nk'ibinyabutabire bya karuboni, karuboni ikora, karuboni ikora pyrolytic na grafiti ya pyrolytic, karuboni y'ikirahure) bikorwa mu bindi bikoresho byihariye.
Guteranya calcium: Guteranya calcium ni iki? Ni ibihe bikoresho fatizo bigomba guterwa calcium?
Uburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe bwitwa calcination.
Gutunganya kalisiyumu ni bwo buryo bwa mbere bwo kuvura ubushyuhe mu gukora kalisiyumu. Gutunganya kalisiyumu bitera impinduka nyinshi mu miterere n'imiterere y'ibinyabutabire n'imiti by'ubwoko bwose bw'ibikoresho fatizo bya kalisiyumu.
Ubushyuhe bwa bituminous coke na metallurgical coke butera coke buri hejuru cyane (hejuru ya 1000°C), bingana n'ubushyuhe bwa calcinering furnace mu ruganda rwa karuboni. Ntibigishobora gukaraba kandi bigomba kuyumishwa gusa n'ubushuhe.
Ariko, iyo bituminous coke na peteroli coke bikoreshejwe hamwe mbere yo kubiteranya, bigomba koherezwa kuri calciner kugira ngo biteranywe na peteroli coke.
Grafiti karemano n'umukara wa karuboni ntibisaba calcium.
Uburyo bwo gushushanya hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa extrusion ahanini ni uburyo bwo guhindura plastike ya paste.
Uburyo bwo gusohora ifu ifunze bukorerwa mu cyumba cy'ibikoresho (cyangwa mu cyuma gifunze) no mu ruziga rw'uruziga.
Ifu ishyushye iri mu cyumba cyo gupakiramo itwarwa n'agace k'inyuma gakoresha icyuma gikurura.
Gazi iri muri iyo mvange ihatirwa gusohoka buri gihe, iyo mvange ikomeza gucukuka kandi iyo mvange igakomeza imbere icyarimwe.
Iyo ifu igenda mu gice cy’icyuma cy’icyumba, ifu ishobora gufatwa nk’iy’amazi ahamye, kandi urwego rw’imfuruka muri rusange rurangana.
Iyo ifu yinjiye mu gice cy'umunwa wo gusohora ifu irimo guhindagurika kw'umurambararo, ifu yegereye urukuta rw'umunwa ihura n'ubudahangarwa bukomeye mu gusohora ifu, ibikoresho bitangira gupfukama, ifu y'imbere ikora umuvuduko utandukanye wo gusohora ifu, ifu y'imbere yo gusohora ifu mbere, bigatuma umusaruro unyura mu buryo bwa radial utaba umwe, bityo mu gice cyo gusohora ifu.
Amaherezo, ifu yinjiye mu gice cyo guhindura umurongo hanyuma igasohoka.
Guteka ni uburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe aho ibintu bibisi bishyushye ku kigero runaka mu gihe umwuka uvanwa mu kintu kirinda mu itanura.
Mu gikorwa cyo gukaranga, bitewe no gukuraho ihindagurika ry’ibintu bihindagurika, gukaranga kwa asphalt birema umuyoboro wa coke, gusenyuka no gupolima kwa asphalt, no gushyiraho urusobe runini rw’impande za karuboni, nibindi, ubushobozi bwo kugabanya ibintu bwaragabanutse cyane. Hafi 10000 x 10-6 ibicuruzwa byangiritse ubushobozi bwo kugabanya ibintu Ω “m, nyuma yo gukaranga kuri 40-50 x 10-6 Ω” m, byitwa abayobora beza.
Nyuma yo gukaranga, umusaruro ugabanukaho hafi 1% by'umurambararo, 2% by'uburebure na 2-3% by'ingano.
Ariko, nyuma yo gukaranga ibikomoka ku ikara, igice cya kaburimbo y'amakara kirahinduka umwuka hanyuma kigasohoka, ikindi gice kigahindukamo kaburimbo ya bituminous.
Ingano ya bituminous coke ikorwa ni nto cyane ugereranyije n'iya bituminous y'amakara. Nubwo igabanuka gato mu gihe cyo guteka, hari imyenge myinshi idasobanutse neza kandi mito ifite imyenge itandukanye ikomeza kugaragara muri icyo gicuruzwa.
Urugero, ubushyuhe bwose bw'ibicuruzwa byashyizwe mu gishushanyo muri rusange bugera kuri 25-32%, naho ubw'ibikomoka kuri karuboni muri rusange bugera kuri 16-25%.
Kuba hari imyenge myinshi bizagira ingaruka ku miterere y’umubiri n’imiti by’ibicuruzwa.
Muri rusange, ibicuruzwa byakozwe mu ibara rya grafiti bifite porosity yiyongera, ubucucike bw'amazi bugabanuka, imbaraga za mekanike, ku bushyuhe runaka bw'igipimo cya oxidation byihuta, ubudahangarwa bwa corruption nabwo buragabanuka, gazi n'amazi byoroshye kwinjira.
Gutera intanga ni inzira yo kugabanya porosity, kongera ubucucike, kongera imbaraga zo gukanda, kugabanya resistivity y'ibicuruzwa byarangiye, no guhindura imiterere y'umubiri n'imiti by'ibicuruzwa.
Intego zayo ni izi zikurikira:
(1) Kunoza uburyo ubushyuhe n'amashanyarazi bitwara ibicuruzwa.
(2) Kunoza uburyo ibicuruzwa birwanya ubushyuhe n'ubudahangarwa bw'imiti.
(3) Kunoza uburyo ibikomoka ku bimera biryoha kandi bigakomeza kwangirika.
(4) Kuraho imyanda no kongera imbaraga z'ibicuruzwa.
Ibikomoka kuri karuboni byakaswe bifite ingano n'imiterere runaka bifite urwego rutandukanye rwo guhinduka no kwangirika kw'ibintu mu gihe cyo gukaranga no gushushanya. Muri icyo gihe, bimwe mu byuzuza bifatanye ku buso bw'ibikomoka kuri karuboni byakaswe.
Ntibishobora gukoreshwa hatabayeho gutunganya ibikoresho bya tekiniki, bityo ibicuruzwa bigomba kuba bifite ishusho ya geometrike kandi bigatunganywa mu buryo bwagenwe.
(2) Gukenera gukoreshwa
Hakurikijwe ibisabwa n'umukoresha mu gutunganya.
Niba electrode ya grafiti yo mu icupa ry'amashanyarazi ikeneye guhuzwa, igomba gukorwamo umwobo ufite imigozi ku mpera zombi z'umusaruro, hanyuma electrode zombi zigahuzwa kugira ngo zikoreshwe n'ihuriro ryihariye rifite imigozi.
(3) Ibisabwa mu ikoranabuhanga
Ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe bigomba gutunganywa mu buryo bwihariye n'ibipimo bidasanzwe hakurikijwe ibyo ababikoresha bakeneye mu ikoranabuhanga.
Ndetse no ku buryo bwo hasi bwo gukaraba birakenewe.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: Ukuboza 10-2020