A. gushyira mu byiciro koka ya peteroli
Koke ya peteroli ni isuku y’amavuta mabi izaba itandukanya amavuta yoroheje kandi akomeye, amavuta akomeye hanyuma binyuze mu nzira yo gushwanyagurika gushyuha, igahinduka ibicuruzwa, uhereye ku isura, koke ifite imiterere idasanzwe, ingano y’agace k’umukara (cyangwa uduce), ubwiza bw’icyuma, uduce twa koke dufite imiterere y’imyenge, imiterere y’ingenzi ya karuboni, Ifite 80wt%. (wt=uburemere)
Dukurikije uburyo bwo gutunganyabishobora kugabanywamo ibicekoka isanzwenacoke itetseIcya mbere kiboneka n'umunara wa koke w'igikoresho cyatinze guteka, kizwi kandi nkakoka y'umwimerereIcya nyuma gikorwa hakoreshejwe calcium (1300°C), izwi kandi nkakoka irimo calcium.
Dukurikije ingano ya sulfure, ishobora kugabanywamo ibicekoka irimo sulfure nyinshi(ibipimo bya sulfure ni byinshi kuruta4%), koka ya sulfur iringaniye(ibikubiye muri sulfure ni2% - 4%nakoka ya sulfur nkeya(ingano ya sulfure ni nkeya kurusha2%).
Dukurikije imiterere itandukanye ya mikoro, ishobora kugabanywamo ibicecoke y'ikijumbanakoka y'urushingeIcyahoze gifite imyenge nk'ikirongozi, kizwi kandi nkakoka isanzweIyi ya nyuma ifite ubugari bunini nk'ubw'imigozi, izwi kandi nkakoka nziza cyane.
Dukurikije imiterere itandukanyebishobora kugabanywamo ibicekoka y'urushinge, koka ikoze mu buryo bwa projectile or koka y'umuzenguruko, coke y'ikijumba, ifu ya kokaubwoko bune.
B. umusaruro wa koka ikomoka kuri peteroli
Inyinshi muri koke ya peteroli ikorerwa mu Bushinwa ni iya koke ya sulfur nke, ikoreshwa cyane cyane murigushongesha aluminiyumunagukora grafiti.Indi ikoreshwa cyane cyane kuriibikomoka kuri karuboni, nkaelectrode ya grafiti, agace ka anode, ikoreshwa kuriicyuma, ibyuma bidafite feri; Ibikoresho bya silikoni bya karuboni, nk'ibindi bitandukanyeamapine yo gusya, umucanga,impapuro z'umucanga, nibindi; Karubide ya kalisiyumu ikoreshwa mu gukora fibre, acetylene n'ibindi bicuruzwa; Ishobora kandi gukoreshwa nk'amavuta, ariko iyo ikora lisansi, igomba gukoresha uruganda rukora lisansi kugira ngo ikore lisansi nziza cyane. Nyuma yo gukora ifu ya coke binyuze mu bikoresho, irashobora gutwikwa. Ifu ya coke ikoreshwa cyane cyane nk'amavuta mu nganda zimwe na zimwe z'ibirahure n'inganda zitunganya amazi y'amakara.
Nk’uko Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ibarurishamibare kibitangaza, umusaruro wa peteroli mu Bushinwa mu 2020 wari toni miliyoni 29.202, wiyongereyeho 4.15% ugereranyije n’umwaka ushize, naho kuva muri Mutarama kugeza muri Mata 2021, umusaruro wa peteroli mu Bushinwa wari toni miliyoni 9.85.
Umusaruro wa peteroli mu Bushinwa wiganjemo mu burasirazuba bw'Ubushinwa, mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bw'Ubushinwa no mu majyepfo y'Ubushinwa, aho umusaruro mwinshi uboneka mu burasirazuba bw'Ubushinwa. Mu karere kose k'iburasirazuba bw'Ubushinwa, intara ya Shandong niyo ifite umusaruro mwinshi wa peteroli, wageze kuri toni miliyoni 10.687 mu 2020. Umusaruro wa peteroli mu ntara ya Shandong ntabwo uza ku mwanya wa mbere mu burasirazuba bw'Ubushinwa gusa, ahubwo uza ku mwanya wa mbere mu ntara zose n'imijyi mu Bushinwa, kandi umusaruro wa peteroli uruta kure izindi ntara n'imijyi.
C. Gutumiza no kohereza hanze koka ya peteroli
Ubushinwa ni kimwe mu bihugu byinjiza cyane peteroli, ahanini bikomoka muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Arabiya Sawudite n'Uburusiya. Dukurikije imibare ya sosiyete y'ubucuruzi y'Abashinwa, ingano ya peteroli ya koke itumizwa mu Bushinwa kuva mu 2015 kugeza 2020 yagaragaje ko yazamutse muri rusange. Muri 2019, ingano ya peteroli ya koke itumizwa mu Bushinwa yari toni miliyoni 8.267, naho mu 2020, yari toni miliyoni 10.277, ubwiyongere bwa 24.31% ugereranije n'umwaka wa 2019.
Mu 2020, ingano ya peteroli ya coke mu Bushinwa yari miliyari 1.002 z'amadolari y'Amerika, yagabanutseho 36.66% ugereranyije n'umwaka. Mu 2020, ingano ya peteroli ya coke yageze ku rwego rwo hejuru, ariko agaciro ka peteroli ya coke karagabanutse. Uko ubukungu bw'isi bwibasiwe cyane n'icyorezo cya COVID-19, igiciro cya peteroli ya coke ku isoko mpuzamahanga nacyo cyaragabanutse, ibyo bikaba byaratumye peteroli ya coke igurishwa mu Bushinwa ndetse bikongera ingano ya peteroli ya coke, ariko bigabanya ingano y'igurishwa mu mahanga.
Dukurikije imibare yatanzwe na sosiyete y’ubucuruzi bw’ibikomoka kuri peteroli mu Bushinwa, koke yoherezwa mu mahanga mu Bushinwa yagaragaje ko igabanuka, cyane cyane muri 2020 bitewe n’ingaruka za COVID-19, koke yoherezwa mu Bushinwa mu bikomoka kuri peteroli yagabanutse cyane, mu 2020, koke yoherezwa mu Bushinwa mu bikomoka kuri peteroli yagabanutse igera kuri miliyoni 1.784 z’amadolari, igabanuka rya 22.13% uko umwaka utashye; Agaciro k’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga kari miliyoni 459 z’amadolari y’Amerika, kagabanutseho 38.8% uko umwaka utashye.
D. Iterambere ry'inganda zikora peteroli rya koka
Mu gihe kirekire, isoko rya peteroli riracyari ryuzuyemo ibintu byinshi bidasobanutse neza, kandi imiterere y’itangwa n’ikenerwa rya peteroli iracyahura n’ibibazo byinshi. Ukurikije imiterere y’ubushobozi, mu gihe gito, bitewe n’uko ubushobozi bwo gukwirakwiza amavuta asigaye butinda, gutanga ibikoresho byo gukonjesha biracyari icyerekezo nyamukuru. Mu gihe kirekire, uruhande rw’itangwa rya peteroli narwo ruzaba rubangamiwe no kurengera ibidukikije, politiki n’ibindi bintu, kandi hazakomeza kubaho ikoranabuhanga rishya n’ibindi bisimbura ibidukikije. Politiki yo kurengera ibidukikije igenda ihinduka isanzwe buhoro buhoro, kandi umusaruro ntushobora kugarukira ku kugera ku byuka bihumanya ikirere bike cyane. Hamwe no kunoza ibikoresho byo kurengera ibidukikije by’ibigo, ingaruka za politiki yo kurengera ibidukikije ku isoko zizagabanuka, kandi ingaruka z’isoko ry’ibicuruzwa n’ibikenewe n’igiciro cy’ibikoresho fatizo by’ibigo zizazamuka.
Ku ruhande rw'abakeneye peteroli, inganda zikora peteroli zizakomeza guteza imbere imbogamizi zitandukanye mu bukungu, ibintu bya politiki, ibigo bya aluminiyumu bikoresha amashanyarazi ubu birimo aluminiyumu, igiciro cy'amashanyarazi, ikiguzi ni kinini cyo kugira inyungu, bityo ibigo bya aluminiyumu mu gihe kizaza bifite uruhererekane rwuzuye rw'inganda bifite inyungu nini, kuko imiterere y'isoko rya aluminiyumu izahinduka buhoro buhoro, mu nzego z'ibanze zizajya zimura ubushobozi buhoro buhoro, bizagira ingaruka ku miterere n'iterambere ry'isoko rya anode ryateguwe mbere ndetse n'isoko rya karuboni mu gihe kizaza.
Mu gihe giciriritse n'igihe kirekire, ibidukikije by'ubukungu rusange, politiki z'inganda z'igihugu, imiterere y'ibicuruzwa bitangwa, impinduka mu bubiko, ibiciro by'ibikoresho fatizo, ikoreshwa ry'ibikomoka ku bimera, ibibazo byihutirwa, nibindi, birashoboka ko ari byo bintu bikomeye bigira ingaruka ku isoko rya peteroli rya coke mu byiciro bitandukanye. Kubwibyo, ibigo bigomba gusesengura uko inganda za peteroli zihagaze, kumenya byinshi kuri politiki zijyanye n'ibyo mu gihugu no mu mahanga, guhanura icyerekezo cy'iterambere ry'isoko rya peteroli rya coke, kwirinda ibyago ku gihe, gufata amahirwe, impinduka ku gihe n'udushya, ni igisubizo cy'igihe kirekire.
For more information of Calcined /Graphitized Petroleuim Coke please contact : judy@qfcarbon.com Mob/wahstapp: 86-13722682542
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-10-2022