Uburyo bwo gukora ibintu bya karubone ni sisitemu igenzurwa cyane, gukora electrode ya grafite, ibikoresho byihariye bya karubone, karuboni ya aluminium, ibikoresho bishya byo mu rwego rwo hejuru byo mu rwego rwo hejuru ntibishobora gutandukanywa no gukoresha ibikoresho fatizo, ibikoresho, ikoranabuhanga, gucunga ibintu bine bitanga umusaruro hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga rya nyir'ubwite.
Ibikoresho bibisi nibintu byingenzi bigena ibiranga shingiro ryibikoresho bya karubone, kandi imikorere yibikoresho fatizo bigena imikorere yibikoresho bya karubone byakozwe. Kubyakozwe na electrode ya UHP na HP, kokiya yo mu rwego rwohejuru yo mu bwoko bwa kokiya niyo ihitamo rya mbere, ariko kandi ireme ryiza rya binder asifalt, itera asifalt. Ariko ibikoresho byibanze byujuje ubuziranenge, kubura ibikoresho, ikoranabuhanga, ibintu byo gucunga hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga rya nyirubwite, nabyo ntibishobora gutanga umusaruro mwiza UHP, HP grafite electrode.
Iyi ngingo yibanze ku biranga kokiya nziza yo mu rwego rwo hejuru kugirango isobanure ibitekerezo bimwe byihariye, kubakora inganda za kokiya inshinge, abakora electrode, ibigo byubushakashatsi bwa siyanse kugirango babiganireho.
Nubwo umusaruro w’inganda za kokiya inshinge mu Bushinwa utinze ugereranije n’inganda z’amahanga, wateye imbere vuba mu myaka yashize kandi utangira gushingwa. Ukurikije umusaruro wose, urashobora ahanini guhaza icyifuzo cya kokiya inshinge za UHP na HP grafite electrode yakozwe ninganda za karubone zo murugo. Nyamara, haracyari icyuho runaka mubwiza bwa kokiya inshinge ugereranije ninganda zamahanga. Imihindagurikire yimikorere yicyiciro igira ingaruka kubisabwa bya kokiya nziza yo mu rwego rwo hejuru mu gukora ingano nini ya UHP na HP grafite electrode, cyane cyane ko nta kokiya nziza yo mu rwego rwo hejuru ishobora guhura n’umusemburo wa elegitoroniki ya electrode.
Inganda za karubone zo mu mahanga zitanga ibisobanuro binini UHP, HP grafite electrode niyo ihitamo bwa mbere bwa kokiya ya peteroli yo mu rwego rwo hejuru nka kokiya y’ibikoresho fatizo, inganda za karubone zo mu Buyapani nazo zikoresha amakara y’urushinge rw’amakara nk’ibikoresho fatizo, ariko gusa kuri mm 600 zikurikira zerekana amashanyarazi ya grafite. Kugeza ubu, kokiya y'urushinge mu Bushinwa ahanini ni amakara y'urushinge rw'amakara. Umusaruro wa elegitoronike nini ya UHP ya elegitoronike ya electrode n’inganda za karubone usanga akenshi ushingira kuri kokisi ya peteroli ya peteroli yatumijwe mu mahanga, cyane cyane umusaruro w’ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge hamwe n’amavuta yo mu bwoko bwa peteroli yo mu Buyapani ya Suishima yatumijwe mu mahanga hamwe na kokisi ya peteroli ya HSP yo mu Bwongereza nka kokiya mbisi.
Kugeza ubu, kokiya y'urushinge ikorwa ninganda zinyuranye ubusanzwe igereranwa nubucuruzi bwibikorwa byubucuruzi bwa kokiya y’urushinge rwo mu mahanga n’ibipimo ngenderwaho bisanzwe, nk'ibirimo ivu, ubucucike nyabwo, ibirimo sulfure, ibirimo azote, gukwirakwiza ingano, ibipimo byo kwagura ubushyuhe n'ibindi. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, haracyabura amanota atandukanye yo gutondekanya inshinge ugereranije n’ibihugu by’amahanga. Kubwibyo, umusaruro wa kokiya y'urushinge mu mvugo no ku “bicuruzwa bihuriweho”, ntushobora kwerekana urwego rwa kokiya nziza yo mu rwego rwo hejuru.
Usibye kugereranya imikorere isanzwe, inganda za karubone nazo zigomba kwitondera kuranga kokiya y'urushinge, nko gutondekanya coefficente yo kwagura amashyuza (CTE), imbaraga zingirakamaro, impamyabumenyi ya anisotropy, amakuru yo kwaguka muri leta itabujijwe kandi ikabuza leta, hamwe nubushyuhe buri hagati yo kwaguka no kugabanuka. Kuberako iyi miterere yubushyuhe bwa kokiya y'urushinge ningirakamaro cyane mugucunga uburyo bwo gushushanya muburyo bwo gukora amashanyarazi ya grafite, birumvikana ko ingaruka ziterwa nubushyuhe bwa kokiya asfalt zakozwe nyuma yo kotsa binder hamwe no gutera inda ya asfalt.
1. Kugereranya anisotropy ya kokiya y'urushinge
Ultra high power grafite electrode itanga umusaruro wa anisotropic degre de analyse ni ikigereranyo cyurwego rwibikoresho bya coke inshinge cyangwa ntabwo ari uburyo bwingenzi bwo gusesengura, ingano ya degre ya anisotropy, birumvikana ko nayo igira uruhare runini mubikorwa byo gukora electrode, urugero rwa anisotropy yumuriro wumuriro ukabije kurenza urugero rwa anisotropy yingufu zingana na electrode ntoya.
Kugeza ubu, umusaruro wa kokiya y'urushinge rw'amakara mu Bushinwa ni munini cyane ugereranije na kokiya ya peteroli. Bitewe nigiciro kinini cyibiciro nigiciro cyibikorwa bya karubone, biragoye gukoresha 100% coke yinshinge zo murugo imbere mugukora electrode ya UHP, mugihe wongeyeho igice runaka cya peteroli ya peteroli ya kokiya hamwe nifu ya grafite kugirango ikore electrode. Kubwibyo, biragoye gusuzuma anisotropy ya inshinge zo murugo.
2. Umurongo ugereranije nubunini bwa kokiya y'urushinge
Guhindura umurongo na volumetricike imikorere ya coke ya inshinge bigaragarira cyane mubikorwa bya grafite byakozwe na electrode. Hamwe nimihindagurikire yubushyuhe, kokiya y'urushinge izanyura umurongo hamwe na volumetric kwaguka no kugabanuka mugihe cyibikorwa bya grafite ishushe, ibyo bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ihindagurika ryumurongo na volumetricike ya electrode ikaranze ya bilet muburyo bwa grafite. Ibi ntabwo arimwe kugirango ukoreshe ibintu bitandukanye bya kokiya mbisi, ibyiciro bitandukanye byinshinge za kokiya. Byongeye kandi, ubushyuhe buringaniye bwumurongo nubunini bwimpinduka zinyuranye za kokiya ya inshinge na kokiya ya peteroli yabazwe nayo iratandukanye. Gusa nukumenya ibi biranga kokiya mbisi dushobora kugenzura neza no kunoza umusaruro wa grafite ya chimique ikurikirana. Ibi bigaragara cyane mubikorwa byo gushushanya.
Kwaguka kumurongo bibaho mbere mugihe kokiya yamavuta ya kokiya itangiye gushyuha, ariko ubushyuhe mugitangiriro cyo kugabanuka kumurongo ubusanzwe bukurikira inyuma yubushyuhe ntarengwa bwo kubara. Kuva 1525 ℃ kugeza 1725 ℃, kwaguka kumurongo biratangira, kandi ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe bwo kugabanuka kumurongo wose buragufi, 200 only gusa. Ubushyuhe buringaniye bwumurongo wose ugabanije kokoro ya peteroli isanzwe yatinze ni nini cyane kuruta iy'urushinge, kandi kokiya y'urushinge rw'amakara iri hagati yibi byombi, binini cyane ugereranije na kokiya y'urushinge rwa peteroli. Ibisubizo by'ibizamini bya Osaka Industrial Technology Institute mu Buyapani byerekana ko uko imikorere yubushyuhe bwa kokiya ari ninshi, niko umurongo ugabanya ubushyuhe bw’umurongo, kugeza kuri 500 ~ 600 ℃ umurongo ugabanuka, kandi itangira ry’ubushyuhe bwo kugabanuka ku murongo ni rito, kuri 1150 ~ 1200 ℃ ryatangiye kugaragara kugabanuka ku murongo, ari na byo biranga kokiya isanzwe itinda.
Ibyiza byumuriro nubunini bwa anisotropy ya kokiya y'urushinge, niko ubushyuhe buringaniye bwo kugabanya umurongo. Urushinge rwamavuta yo murwego rwohejuru kok 100 ~ 150 ℃ umurongo ugabanya ubushyuhe. Ni ingirakamaro cyane ku mishinga ya karubone kuyobora inzira yo gushushanya nyuma yo gusobanukirwa ibiranga kwaguka kumurongo, kugabanuka no kongera kwagura ibikoresho bitandukanye bya kokiya, bishobora kwirinda ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe bidakenewe byatewe no gukoresha uburyo bwa gakondo.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-08-2021