"Gupima ingufu" byakunze kuvugwa cyane mu Bushinwa kuva muri Nzeri. Impamvu yo "gupima ingufu" ni uguteza imbere intego ya "kutagira karuboni" no kugenzura ikoreshwa ry'ingufu. Byongeye kandi, kuva mu ntangiriro z'uyu mwaka, hari amakuru atandukanye yerekeye ibiciro by'ibikoresho fatizo bya shimi yasohotse imwe nyuma y'indi, muri yo harimo electrode ya grafiti, ibikoresho by'ingenzi cyane mu nganda z'ibyuma, bitaweho cyane n'isoko muri uyu mwaka, ndetse n'inganda z'ibyuma na karuboni.
Uruhererekane rw'inganda: rukoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukora ibyuma
Electrode ya grafiti ni ubwoko bw'ibikoresho bitwara amashanyarazi bya grafiti birwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi, electrode ya grafiti ishobora gukora ingufu n'amashanyarazi, bityo igashongesha icyuma gishongeshejwe mu itanura cyangwa ibindi bikoresho fatizo kugira ngo ikore ibyuma n'ibindi bikoresho by'icyuma, ahanini bikoreshwa mu gukora ibyuma. Electrode ya grafiti ni ubwoko bw'ibikoresho bifite ubushobozi buke bwo guhangana n'ubushyuhe mu itanura ry'amashanyarazi. Ibintu by'ingenzi biranga ikorwa rya electrode ya grafiti ni igihe kirekire cyo gukora (ubusanzwe kimara amezi atatu kugeza kuri atanu), ikoreshwa ry'ingufu nyinshi n'uburyo bugoye bwo gukora.
Imiterere y'uruhererekane rw'inganda rwa electrode ya grafiti:
Inganda zikora ibikoresho fatizo bya grafiti electrode zikoreshwa mu nganda zikora ibikoresho fatizo ahanini bikorerwa muri peteroli, ikoreshwa rya electrode ya needle, igipimo cy’ibikoresho fatizo kigenerwa ikiguzi cyo gukora electrode ya grafiti ni kinini, kirenga 65%, bitewe n’ikoranabuhanga n’ikoranabuhanga byo gukora ikoreshwa rya electrode ya needle mu Bushinwa ugereranyije n’Ubuyapani n’ibindi bihugu haracyari icyuho kinini, ireme rya electrode ya needle mu gihugu biragoye kwemeza, bityo Ubushinwa bushingiye ku itumizwa mu mahanga kuri electrode ya needle nziza riracyari hejuru, Mu 2018, umubare wose wa electrode ya needle mu Bushinwa wari toni 418.000, muri zo toni 218.000 zatumijwe mu mahanga, zirenga 50%. Ikoreshwa ry’ingenzi rya electrode ya grafiti ni mu gukora ibyuma bya eAF.
Electrode ya grafiti ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gushongesha icyuma n'ibyuma. Iterambere ry'inganda za grafiti mu Bushinwa rijyanye n'iterambere ry'inganda z'icyuma n'ibyuma zo mu Bushinwa. Electrode ya grafiti mu Bushinwa yatangiye mu myaka ya 1950. Warburg Securities yagabanyije iterambere rya electrode ya grafiti mu Bushinwa mu byiciro bitatu:
1. Yatangiye iterambere mu 1995 — umusaruro mwinshi mu 2011;
2. Itandukaniro ry’ibigo ryariyongereye mu 2013 — ubukungu bwazamutse cyane mu 2017;
3. Umwaka wa 2018 uri mu nzira yo kugabanuka — intambara z’ibiciro zirimo kuvuka muri 2019.
Ibikoresho n'ibikenewe: icyuma gikoreshwa mu itanura ry'amashanyarazi ni cyo cyihariye ku bwinshi
Ku bijyanye n'umusaruro n'ikoreshwa ryawo, nk'uko byagaragajwe n'isesengura rya Frost Sullivan, umusaruro wa electrode za grafiti mu Bushinwa wagabanutse uva kuri toni miliyoni 0.53 mu 2015 ugera kuri toni miliyoni 0.50 mu 2016, bigaragaza ko wagabanutse cyane. Mu 2020, icyorezo cyagize ingaruka mbi ku mikorere y'inganda bitewe n'amabwiriza y'ubuyobozi ku masaha y'akazi, ihungabana ry'abakozi ndetse n'impinduka mu mikorere.
Kubera iyo mpamvu, umusaruro w’amashanyarazi ya grafiti mu Bushinwa waragabanutse cyane. Biteze ko umusaruro uzagera kuri kilotoni 1,142.6 mu 2025, hamwe na cagR ingana na 9.7% kuva mu 2020 kugeza 2025, mu gihe imirimo izaba yongeye gusubukurwa ndetse n’ubuyobozi bugashyigikira iterambere ry’icyuma cya eAF.
Ubwo rero ni umusaruro, hanyuma ikoreshwa. Ikoreshwa rya electrode ya grafiti mu Bushinwa ryatangiye kwiyongera kuva mu 2016, rigera kuri toni miliyoni 0.59 mu 2020, aho cagR ya 10.3% kuva mu 2015 kugeza 2020. Ikoreshwa rya electrode ya grafiti ryitezwe kugera kuri toni miliyoni 0.94 mu 2025. Hasi aha hari iteganyagihe ryimbitse ry’ikigo ku ikorwa n’ikoreshwa rya electrode ya grafiti.
Umusaruro wa electrode ya grafiti uhuye n'uw'icyuma cya EAF. Ukwiyongera k'umusaruro wa electrode ya grafiti bizamura icyifuzo cya electrode ya grafiti mu gihe kizaza. Ubushinwa bwakoze toni miliyoni 127.4 z'icyuma cya eaf na toni 742.100 za electrode ya grafiti mu 2019, nk'uko bivugwa n'Ishyirahamwe Mpuzamahanga ry'Ibyuma n'Icyuma n'Ishyirahamwe ry'Inganda za Karuboni mu Bushinwa. Umusaruro n'umuvuduko w'ubwiyongere bwa electrode ya grafiti mu Bushinwa bifitanye isano rya hafi n'umusaruro n'umuvuduko w'ubwiyongere bw'icyuma cya eAF mu Bushinwa.
Mu 2019 na 2020, umubare w’ibikoresho by’icyuma bya eAF n’ibitari EAF ku isi ni toni 1.376.800 na toni 1.472.300. Warburg Securities iteganya ko umubare w’ibikoresho by’icyuma ku isi uzakomeza kwiyongera mu myaka itanu iri imbere, bikagera kuri toni zigera kuri 2.104.400 mu 2025. Umubare munini w’ibikoresho by’icyuma bikoresha amashanyarazi ugaragara muri ibyo bikoresho, bikaba biteganijwe ko bizagera kuri toni 1.809.500 mu 2025.
Ugereranyije no gukora ibyuma bitwikiriye ibyuma bitwikiriye ibyuma, gukora ibyuma bitwikiriye amashanyarazi bifite inyungu zigaragara mu ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Ugereranyije no gukora ibyuma bitwikiriye ibyuma bitwikiriye ibyuma, gukora ibyuma bitwikiriye toni 1 y'ibyuma bitwikiriye bishobora kugabanya toni 1.6 z'ibyuka bihumanya ikirere bya karuboni na toni 3 z'imyanda ikomeye. Ubushakashatsi ku bucuruzi bw'ibikoresho buvuga ko icyuma gitwikiriye amashanyarazi n'icyuma gitwikiriye icyuma kuri toni y'ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ku kigero cya 0.5: 1.9. Abashakashatsi ku bucuruzi bw'ibikoresho bavuze ko "iterambere ry'ibyuma bitwikiriye amashanyarazi rigomba kuba ari ryo shingiro rusange."
Muri Gicurasi, Minisiteri y'Inganda n'Ikoranabuhanga mu Itangazamakuru yasohoye Itangazo ku ngamba zo gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zo gusimbuza ubushobozi mu nganda z'ibyuma n'ibyuma, ryashyizwe mu bikorwa ku mugaragaro ku ya 1 Kamena. Ingamba zo gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zo gusimbuza ubushobozi zizongera cyane igipimo cy'icyuma gisimbuza kandi zigatanga serivisi z'ingenzi zo gukumira no kugenzura ihumana ry'ikirere. Inzego zizera ko uburyo bushya bwo gusimbuza ubushobozi buzarushaho kugabanya ubushobozi bw'icyuma, bugahuza inganda z'ibyuma kugira ngo bikemure ubushobozi burenze urugero. Muri icyo gihe, gushyira mu bikorwa uburyo bushya bwo gusimbuza buzahutisha iterambere rya eAF, kandi igipimo cy'icyuma cya eAF kizakomeza kwiyongera.
Electrode ya grafiti ni yo ikoreshwa mu itanura ry'amashanyarazi, iterwa inkunga n'ikenerwa ry'itanura ry'amashanyarazi, byitezwe ko ikenewe izakomeza kwiyongera, electrode ya grafiti ikagira ingaruka ku giciro cyayo.
Ihindagurika rikomeye ry'ibiciro: imiterere y'ihindagurika
Kuva mu 2014 kugeza 2016, isoko ry’amashanyarazi ku isi rya graphite electrode ryaragabanutse bitewe n’uko ibiciro bya electrode ya graphite byari bike cyane, kandi ibiciro bya electrode ya graphite byakomeje kuba hasi. Mu 2016, abakora electrode ya graphite bagabanyije ubushobozi bw’imirongo munsi y’ikiguzi cyo gukora, ububiko bw’ibikoresho by’imibereho myiza bugera ku giciro gito, politiki ya 2017 yahagaritse icyuma cya DeTiaoGang gipima hagati, umubare munini w’ibyuma bisigaye mu itanura ry’icyuma, inganda za electrode ya graphite mu Bushinwa mu gice cya kabiri cya 2017, icyifuzo cyariyongereye cyane, bitewe n’ubwiyongere bw’ibiciro bya electrode ya graphite needle coke ku bikoresho fatizo byazamutse cyane mu 2017, Mu 2019, byatugeze ku madolari 3,769.9 kuri toni, byikubye inshuro 5.7 ugereranyije n’umwaka wa 2016.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 15 Ukwakira 2021