Ikoreshwa rya Graphite mu bikorwa by'ikoranabuhanga

Graphene ni icyo abahanga mu bya siyansi n'abahanga bita urwego rumwe rwa grafiti ku rwego rwa atome, kandi utwo duce duto twa grafiti turimo gukururwa no gukoreshwa muri nanotubes. Ibi birashoboka ko biterwa n'ubushobozi butangaje bw'amashanyarazi hamwe n'imbaraga n'ubukana bidasanzwe by'ibikoresho.

Utubumbe twa karuboni tw’iki gihe twubatswe dufite uburebure n’umurambararo wa 132,000,000: 1, ikaba ari nini cyane kurusha ibindi bikoresho byose. Uretse gukoreshwa muri nanotechnology, ikiri nshya mu isi ya semiconductors, ni ngombwa kumenya ko abakora grafiti benshi bamaze imyaka myinshi bakora grafiti yihariye mu nganda za semiconductors.

2. Moteri z'amashanyarazi, moteri zitanga amashanyarazi n'izihinduranya

Ibikoresho bya grafiti ya karuboni bikunze gukoreshwa muri moteri z'amashanyarazi, moteri zitanga amashanyarazi, na alternators mu buryo bwa brushes za karuboni. Muri iki gihe, "brush" ni igikoresho gitwara umuriro hagati y'insinga zihoraho n'ibice byimuka, kandi akenshi kiba kiri mu mwobo uzenguruka.

3. Gutera Ion

Graphite ubu irimo gukoreshwa kenshi mu nganda z'ikoranabuhanga. Ikoreshwa mu gutera ion, thermocouples, switches z'amashanyarazi, capacitors, transistors, na bateri.

Guteranya iyoni ni inzira y’ubuhanga aho iyoni z’ikintu runaka zihuta mu ishami ry’amashanyarazi zigashyirwa mu kindi kintu, nk’uburyo bwo guteranya. Ni imwe mu nzira z’ibanze zikoreshwa mu gukora microchips kuri mudasobwa zacu zigezweho, kandi atome za grafiti ubusanzwe ni imwe mu bwoko bwa atome zishyirwa muri izi microchips zishingiye kuri silicon.

Uretse uruhare rudasanzwe rwa grafiti mu gukora microchips, udushya dushingiye kuri grafiti ubu turimo gukoreshwa mu gusimbuza capacitors gakondo na transistors. Nk’uko bamwe mu bashakashatsi babivuga, graphene ishobora kuba ubundi buryo bushoboka bwo gusimbura silicon rwose. Ifite ubuto inshuro 100 kurusha transistors ntoya ya silicon, ikora amashanyarazi neza cyane, kandi ifite imiterere idasanzwe ishobora kugira akamaro cyane mu kubara quantum. Graphene nayo yakoreshejwe muri capacitors zigezweho. Mu by’ukuri, graphene supercapacitors bivugwa ko ifite imbaraga inshuro 20 kurusha capacitors zisanzwe (zisohora 20 W/cm3), kandi zishobora kuba zikomeye inshuro 3 kurusha bateri za lithium-ion zikoresha ingufu nyinshi muri iki gihe.

4. Amabatiri

Ku bijyanye na bateri (seli yumye na lithium-Ion), ibikoresho bya karuboni na grafiti nabyo byagize uruhare runini hano. Ku bijyanye na cell yumye isanzwe (bateri dukunda gukoresha muri radiyo zacu, amatara, remote, n'amasaha), electrode y'icyuma cyangwa inkoni ya grafiti (cathode) ikikijwe n'umusemburo w'amashanyarazi utose, kandi byombi bifungishijwe muri silindiri y'icyuma.

Bateri za lithium-ion zigezweho zo muri iki gihe nazo zikoresha grafiti — nk'anode. Bateri za lithium-ion zishaje zakoreshaga ibikoresho gakondo bya grafiti, ariko ubu graphene imaze kuboneka byoroshye, graphene anode ubu zirakoreshwa — ahanini kubera impamvu ebyiri: 1. graphene anode zifata ingufu neza na 2. zisezeranya igihe cyo gusharija cyihuta inshuro 10 kurusha bateri ya lithium-ion isanzwe.

Bateri za lithium-ion zishobora kongera gukoreshwa zirimo gukundwa cyane muri iyi minsi. Ubu zikunze gukoreshwa mu bikoresho byacu byo mu rugo, mu bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bigendanwa, mu mashini zigendanwa, mu matelefone agezweho, mu modoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zivanze, mu modoka za gisirikare, ndetse no mu bikoresho by'indege.