Ikibazo cy’ibyuka bya karuboni mu ikorwa rya electrode za grafiti cyakemurwa gite?

Ibibazo by’ibyuka bya karuboni mu ikorwa rya electrode za grafiti bishobora gukemurwa mu buryo bwuzuye binyuze mu guhuza ikoranabuhanga, kunoza imikorere, n’ingamba zo gucunga ingufu, nk’uko byagaragajwe hano hepfo:

I. Kuvugurura ikoranabuhanga: Ibikoresho bikoresha ingufu nyinshi no gusimbuza ingufu zisukuye

1. Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga rya Graphitization Furnace
Amatanura asanzwe ya Acheson akoresha hagati ya kWh 3,200-4,800 kuri toni imwe y’amashanyarazi ya grafiti, hamwe n’ihindagurika rikomeye ry’ubushyuhe rituma habaho gutakaza ingufu. Gukoresha amatanura ya Longitudinal Graphitization (LWG) bishobora kugabanya igihe cyo gushyushya kugeza ku masaha 9-15, kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’amashanyarazi ho 20%-30%, no kugera ku bushyuhe bungana. Urugero, Umushinga wa Xinjiang East Hope Carbon Project wagabanyije ikoreshwa ry’ingufu kuri toni imwe y’amashanyarazi ho hafi kWh 300 binyuze mu gukoresha amatanura ya LWG, bigabanya mu buryo butaziguye imyuka ihumanya ikirere ya karuboni.

2. Gusimbuza ingufu zisukuye
Gukora toni imwe ya electrode za grafiti bikoresha toni 1.7 z'amakara asanzwe kandi bigasohora toni 4.5 za CO₂. Gukoresha amashanyarazi ahumanya ibidukikije (urugero, ingufu z'izuba cyangwa umuyaga) mu gutwara amatanura ya grafiti bituma habaho kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Urugero, ibigo bimwe na bimwe byo muri Mongolia byongereye igipimo cy'amashanyarazi ahumanya ibidukikije kigera kuri 50% binyuze mu mishinga yo guhuza "isoko-umuyoboro-umutwaro-wo kubika" bigabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere kuri toni imwe ya electrode ku kigero cya 40%.

3. Uburyo bwo kugarura ubushyuhe bw'imyanda
Gushyiramo ibyuma bishyushya imyanda mu cyiciro cyo guteka no gushyiramo graphitization bigarura imyuka ishyushye cyane (200-800°C) kugira ngo bikore umwuka wo gushyushya cyangwa gutanga amashanyarazi. Umushinga wa Shanxi Taigu Baoguang Carbon Project wagabanyije toni zigera ku 2.000 z'amakara asanzwe buri mwaka kandi bigabanya imyuka ya CO₂ ho toni 5.200 binyuze mu kugarura ubushyuhe bw'imyanda.

II. Kunoza Imikorere: Kugabanya Ikoreshwa ry'Ibikoresho Bisanzwe n'Ingufu

1. Gutunganya ibikoresho fatizo bitunganyijwe mbere yo kubikora

• Icyiciro cyo Gukaraba: Kugenzura imiterere ya peteroli (ubucucike nyakuri ≥ 2.07 g/cm³, resistivity ≤ 550 μΩ·m) kugira ngo ugabanye ikoreshwa ry'ingufu nyuma yo gutunganya.
• Uburyo bwo gutera intanga: Kongera ubucucike bw'ibicuruzwa no kugabanya ubwinshi bwabyo binyuze mu "gutera intanga inshuro eshatu no guteka inshuro enye" ​​cyangwa "gutera intanga ebyiri no guteka inshuro eshatu." Urugero, kugera ku gipimo cyo kongera ibiro cya kabiri cya ≥9% bishobora kugabanya ingendo zo guteka inshuro nyinshi no kuzigama 15%-20% mu gukoresha ingufu.

2. Gutunganya ubushyuhe buke no kugabanya inzira
Koresha uburyo bwo gukora ibintu mu bushyuhe buke (urugero, gusohora ibintu kuri dogere selisiyusi 90-120) kugira ngo ugabanye imyuka ihumanya ikirere no kugabanya ubushyuhe bwo guteka bukurikiraho. Muri icyo gihe, ongera uburyo bwo gukora kugira ngo ugabanye uruhererekane rw'ibikorwa kuva ku bikoresho fatizo kugera ku bicuruzwa birangiye, ugabanye ikoreshwa ry'ingufu.

3. Gukoresha imyuka ihumanya ikirere
Imyuka iva mu itanura rikoresha ibikoresho bishya nka CO2 na H2 irashobora gusukurwa no kongera gukoreshwa mu buryo bushyushya. Umushinga wa Xinjiang East Hope warokoye gaze karemano igera ku 300.000 m³ buri mwaka kandi ugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere igera kuri toni 600 binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga ryo kongera gukoresha gaze.

III. Imicungire y'Ingufu: Ikoranabuhanga n'Ubukungu Buzenguruka

1. Sisitemu zo kugenzura ingufu z'ubwenge
Shyiraho ibikoresho bya IoT kugira ngo bigenzure amakuru akoreshwa mu buryo bw'ingufu mu gihe nyacyo (urugero, amashanyarazi n'ubushyuhe) mu byiciro byose by'umusaruro, binoze ibipimo by'ibikoresho binyuze muri algorithme ya AI. Urugero, ikigo kimwe cyagabanyije igihe cyo gukoresha graphitization furnace ho 30% binyuze mu kugenzura mu buryo bw'ubwenge, bizigama hafi kWh 500.000 z'amashanyarazi buri mwaka.

2. Gufata, Gukoresha, no Kubika Karuboni (CCUS)
Shyiramo ibikoresho byo gufata karuboni mu maduka ya girafi yo mu ifuru kugira ngo ushyiremo CO₂ yo guterwa munsi y’ubutaka cyangwa ukoreshe nk'ibinyabutabire. Nubwo hari ibiciro biri hejuru (hafi 300-600 RMB/toni CO₂), CCUS ni inzira y'ingenzi mu gihe kirekire yo gukuramo karuboni mu buryo bwimbitse.

3. Ingero z'ubukungu zizunguruka

• Nta gusohora amazi yanduye: Gutunganya amazi yanduye yo mu ngo kugira ngo akoreshwe mu gusukura imyuka cyangwa gutunganya imirima, mu gihe cyo gushyira mu bikorwa ikoreshwa ry’amazi yanduye yo mu nganda. Umushinga wa Shanxi Taigu wageze ku gusohora amazi yanduye nta gusohora, bityo ukaba warokoye toni zigera ku 100.000 z’amazi buri mwaka.
• Gutunganya imyanda ikomeye: Gusubiza ivumbi ryakusanyijwe mu masanduku (hafi toni 344 ku mwaka) n'ibisigazwa by'imashini zisya (hafi toni 500 ku mwaka) ku murongo w'umusaruro, bigabanura ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho fatizo n'imyanda ihumanya ituruka mu gutunganya imyanda.

IV. Politiki n'Ihuriro ry'Isoko: Guteza imbere impinduka mu nganda

1. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'amahame agenga imyuka ihumanya ikirere iri hasi cyane
Shyiraho amahame ngenderwaho nk'ayaIgipimo ngenderwaho cy'imyuka ihumanya ikirere ku nganda za aluminiyumu(GB25465-2010), hashyizweho itegeko ryo gushyiraho ibipimo bya SO₂ na NOx bya ≤10 mg/m³, ≤35 mg/m³, na ≤50 mg/m³, kugira ngo habeho iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga.

2. Inkunga ku isoko ry'ubucuruzi bwa karuboni
Shyiraho electrode ya grafiti ku isoko ry'igihugu kugira ngo habeho imbogamizi mu bukungu binyuze mu gucuruza ingano ya karuboni. Urugero, niba ikigo kigabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere kuri toni imwe ya electrode kuva kuri toni 4.5 kugeza kuri toni 3, gishobora kungukira mu kugurisha ingano y'ikirenga, bigatuma habaho kugabanuka kw'ibyuka bihumanya ikirere.

3. Icyemezo cy'Uruhererekane rw'Ibicuruzwa Bidahumanya ibidukikije
Abakora ibyuma bo mu gace k’uburasirazuba bashobora gushyira imbere kugura electrode za grafiti nkeya kugira ngo bashishikarize abakora amashanyarazi yo mu kirere kugabanya imyuka ihumanya. Urugero, uruganda rumwe rw’icyuma gikoresha amashanyarazi rwasabye abatanga amashanyarazi kugera kuri toni ≤3.5 z’imyuka ya CO₂ kuri toni imwe y’amashanyarazi, bityo bagashyiraho igiciro cya 10% ku batubahiriza amategeko.