Ibibazo by'ikoreshwa ry'ingufu n'ibyuka bihumanya ikirere mu ikorwa rya electrode za grafiti bishobora kunozwa neza binyuze mu bisubizo bikurikira by'ibipimo byinshi:
I. Uruhande rw'ibikoresho fatizo: Ikoranabuhanga ryo kunoza no gusimbuza formula
1. Gusimbuza Inshinge Coke no Guteza imbere Igipimo
Electrode za grafiti zifite ingufu nyinshi cyane zikenera ifuru ya kristu (ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ubushyuhe buke), ariko umusaruro wazo ukoresha ingufu nyinshi kurusha ifuru ya kristu. Guhindura igipimo cya kristu ya kristu na kristu ya kristu (urugero, toni 1.1–1.2 za kristu ya kristu kuri toni y'ibicuruzwa bya kristu bifite ingufu nyinshi) bishobora kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu z'ibikoresho mu gihe bikomeza gukora neza. Urugero, kristu za kristu zifite umurambararo wa 600mm nini z'ingufu nyinshi zakozwe i Chenzhou zagabanyije imyuka ya CO₂ iva mu gukora ibyuma by'amashanyarazi bikozwe mu buryo bwa "short-processed arc furnace" ku kigero kirenga 70% binyuze mu mibare y'ibikoresho by'ibanze byatunganyijwe neza.
2. Kongera ubushobozi bwo gukoresha uburyo bwo gufunga (binder)
Icupa rya kaburimbo ry’amakara, rikoreshwa nk’icyuma gifunga kandi rigizwe na 25%–35% by’ibikoresho fatizo, risiga ibisigazwa bya 60%–70% gusa nyuma yo guteka. Gukoresha icupa ryahinduwe cyangwa kongeramo nanofillers bishobora kunoza imikorere yo gufatanya, kugabanya ikoreshwa ryabyo, no kugabanya imyuka ihumanya mu gihe cyo guteka.
II. Uruhande rw'Ibikorwa: Udushya mu Kuzigama Ingufu no Kugabanya Ikoreshwa
1. Gukoresha Graphitization Gukoresha neza ingufu
- Ifuru yo gushyiramo amashusho mu buryo bwa Internal Series Graphitization: Ugereranije n'amatanura asanzwe ya Acheson, ibi bigabanya ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi ho 20%–30% binyuze mu gushyushya electrodes mu buryo butandukanye hamwe n'ibikoresho birwanya ubushyuhe, bigabanura igihombo cy'ubushyuhe.
- Ikoranabuhanga rya Graphitization mu bushyuhe buke: Guteza imbere catalysts nshya cyangwa kunoza uburyo bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe kugira ngo bigabanye ubushyuhe bwa graphitization kuva kuri 2,800°C kugera munsi ya 2,600°C, bikagabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu kuri toni ho 500–800 kWh.
- Sisitemu zo kugarura ubushyuhe: Gukoresha ubushyuhe bw'ifuru ya graphitization mu gushyushya ibikoresho fatizo cyangwa gutanga amashanyarazi byongera ubushobozi bwo gukoresha ubushyuhe ku kigero cya 10%–15%.
2. Gusimbuza lisansi yo gutekesha
Gusimbuza peteroli nini cyangwa gaze y'amakara na gaze karemano byongera ubushobozi bwo gutwika ku kigero cya 20% kandi bigabanya imyuka ya CO₂ ku kigero cya 15%–20%. Amatanura yo gutekesha meza cyane afite ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo gushyushya agabanya igihe cyo gutekesha, bigatuma lisansi ikoreshwa ku kigero cya 10%–15%.
3. Gutera inda no kongera gukoresha ibikoresho byo kuzura
Ibikoresho byo gutera impregnation byahinduwe (toni 0.5–0.8 kuri toni imwe y'amashanyarazi) bishobora kugabanya ingendo zo gutera impregnation binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga ryo gutera impregnation hakoreshejwe vacuum. Igipimo cyo kongera gukoresha coke cyangwa quartz sand fillers kigera kuri 90%, bigagabanya ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho by'inyongera.
III. Uruhande rw'ibikoresho: Kuvugurura ibikoresho mu buryo bw'ubwenge kandi bunini
1. Amatanura Manini n'Ubugenzuzi bwikora
Amatanura manini y'amashanyarazi afite ingufu nyinshi (UHP) afite sisitemu zo kugenzura impedance hamwe no kugenzura mu itanura bigabanya igipimo cyo kwangirika kwa electrode kikagera munsi ya 2% no kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu kuri toni ku kigero cya 10%–15%. Sisitemu zikoresha ingufu zigezweho zihindura ingufu za arc n'ubushyuhe bw'amashanyarazi hashingiwe ku ntera z'icyuma n'imikorere yacyo, birinda igihombo cya oxidation.
2. Kubaka umurongo uhoraho w'umusaruro
Umusaruro uhoraho kuva ku gusya ibikoresho fatizo kugeza ku gukora imashini ugabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu hagati. Urugero, gushyushya umwuka cyangwa amashanyarazi mu kuvanga bigabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu kuri toni kuva kuri 80 kWh kugeza kuri 50 kWh.
IV. Imiterere y'Ingufu: Ingufu zibungabunga ibidukikije n'Imicungire ya Karuboni
1. Gukoresha ingufu zisubira
Kubaka inganda mu turere dukungahaye ku mirasire y'izuba cyangwa umuyaga no gukoresha amashanyarazi ahumanya ikirere mu gushushanya (bigizwe na 80%–90% by'amashanyarazi yose akorwa) bishobora kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere kuri toni kuva kuri 4.48 ikagera munsi ya toni 1.5. Uburyo bwo kubika ingufu buringaniza ihindagurika ry'urukuta rw'amashanyarazi, bikongera ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi ahumanya ikirere.
2. Gufata, Gukoresha, no Kubika Karuboni (CCUS)
Gufata CO₂ isohoka mu gihe cyo guteka no gushyira mu karubone (graphitization) kugira ngo ikore lithium karubone cyangwa ibikomoka kuri peteroli by’ubukorikori bituma habaho kongera gukoresha karubone.
V. Politiki n'ubufatanye mu nganda
1. Kugenzura ubushobozi no guhuza inganda
Gugabanya cyane ubushobozi bushya bukoresha ingufu nyinshi no guteza imbere ubwiyongere bw'inganda (urugero, isoko rya Fangda Carbon rya 17.18%) bikoresha ubukungu bw'ibipimo kugira ngo bigabanye ikoreshwa ry'ingufu. Gushishikariza guhuza ingufu, nka Fangda Carbon yihaza 67.8% bya calcined coke na needle coke, bigabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu mu gutwara ibikoresho fatizo.
2. Ubucuruzi bwa Carbon n'Imari Irengera Ibidukikije
Gushyira ikiguzi cya karuboni mu biciro by'ibicuruzwa bitera imbaraga kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Urugero, nyuma y'uko Ubuyapani butangije iperereza ku bijyanye no kurwanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere ku ma electrode ya grafiti yo mu Bushinwa, ibigo byo mu gihugu byavuguruye ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo bigabanye imitwaro y'imisoro ya karuboni. Gutanga impapuro mvunjwafaranga zitagira ingaruka ku bidukikije bishyigikira impinduka mu kuzigama ingufu, nko kugabanya igipimo cy'umwenda ku mutungo binyuze mu guhinduranya imyenda n'imigabane no gutera inkunga ubushakashatsi n'iterambere mu ifuru ya grafiti ikoresha ubushyuhe buke.
VI. Inyigo y'Urugero: Ingaruka zo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ya Electrode za Chenzhou za 600mm
Uburyo bwa tekiniki: Gutunganya igipimo cya coke y'inshinge + itanura rya grafitisation y'imbere + kugarura ubushyuhe bw'imyanda.
Kugereranya amakuru:
- Ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi: Yagabanutse kuva kuri 5,500 kWh/toni igera kuri 4,200 kWh/toni (↓23.6%).
- Ibyuka bihumanya ikirere: Byagabanutse kuva kuri toni 4.48 kuri toni kugera kuri toni 1.2 kuri toni (↓73.2%).
- Ibiciro: Ibiciro by'ingufu byagabanutseho 18%, byongera ubushobozi bwo guhangana ku isoko.
Umwanzuro
Binyuze mu kunoza ibikoresho fatizo, guhanga udushya mu mikorere, kuvugurura ibikoresho, guhindura ingufu, no guhuza politiki, gukora electrode ya grafiti bishobora kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu ku kigero cya 20%–30% no kugabanya imyuka ya karuboni ku kigero cya 50%–70%. Hamwe n'iterambere mu gupima ubushyuhe buke no gukoresha ingufu zibungabunga ibidukikije, inganda ziteguye kugera ku rwego rwo hejuru mu 2030 no kugera ku rwego rwo kutagira karuboni mu 2060.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-06-2025