Kokiya ya peteroli ibarwa ikoreshwa cyane cyane muri anode yabanje gutekwa na cathode ya aluminium electrolytike, recarburizer yo gukora inganda zibyuma n’ibyuma, electrode ya grafite, silikoni yinganda, fosifore yumuhondo na electrode ya karubone kuri ferroalloy, nibindi.
Kubwibyo, ibiti bya aluminiyumu ya electrolytike, ibihingwa byigenga bya karubone n’inganda zitunganya amavuta byita cyane ku iterambere n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga ryo kubara peteroli.
Kubona ko kokiya ya peteroli ibarwa ifite imirimo myinshi, birakenewe guteza imbere ubumenyi bushya bwo kubyaza umusaruro kugirango turusheho kunoza imikoreshereze ya kokiya ya peteroli.
By'umwihariko, itanura ryo kubara kubyara peteroli ya kokiya mu Bushinwa iracyafite umwanya munini wo guteza imbere tekiniki. Ni nkenerwa kwibanda ku gushyira mu bikorwa ibikoresho bishya, guteza imbere amatafari meza ya silika yo mu rwego rwo hejuru, kugarura umutungo w’ubushyuhe bw’imyanda mu buryo bwinshi, kunoza automatike, itanura ryumye rya siyansi n’imikorere isanzwe, kugira ngo igipimo gikoreshwa ya peteroli ibarwa ya kokiya hejuru.
Ingaruka yo gukoresha ni nziza, hiyongereyeho gushongesha itanura kugirango uteze imbere ubuzima bwiterambere, umusaruro mwinshi, kurengera ibidukikije byubwenge, itanura ryinganda.
By'umwihariko, ni ngombwa guhuza ikoranabuhanga ry’imibare n’imikorere y’umusaruro kugira ngo habeho ubumenyi mu bya siyansi ibibazo by’ubuhanga na tekinike bya kokiya ya peteroli yabazwe mu Bushinwa, kugira ngo turusheho kugabanya ibiciro by’umusaruro no kuzamura umusaruro.
Ikigereranyo cyimibare yimibare yabazwe mubushinwa
Muri electrode ya grafite ikoreshwa mugukora ibyuma cyangwa paste ya anode (gushonga electrode) ikoreshwa muri aluminium na magnesium, kugirango byuzuze ibisabwa na kokiya ya peteroli (kokiya), kokiya igomba kubarwa.
Ubushyuhe bwo kubara mubusanzwe buri hafi 1300 ℃, hagamijwe gukuraho ihindagurika ryimyanda ishoboka.
Muri ubu buryo, hydrogène yibyara peteroli ya kokiya irashobora kugabanuka, urugero rwa grafitike ya peteroli ya kokiya irashobora kunozwa, kandi imbaraga zubushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe nubushyuhe bukabije bwa electrode ya grafite birashobora kunozwa, kandi amashanyarazi ya electrode ya grafite arashobora kunozwa. .
Gutwika kubara bikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukora electrode ya grafite, ibicuruzwa bya paste ya karubone, umucanga wa diyama, inganda zo mu rwego rwa fosifore, inganda za metallurgie na calcium karbide, muri zo zikaba zikoreshwa cyane muri electrode.
Kokiya mbisi irashobora gukoreshwa muburyo butaziguye kuri kariside ya calcium nkibikoresho byingenzi, karubide ya silicon na karbide ya boron nkibikoresho byo gusya nta guhimba no gutwika.
Irashobora kandi gukoreshwa muburyo butaziguye nk'inganda ziturika zikora itanura cyangwa inkuta ziturika zometseho amatafari ya karubone, zirashobora kandi gukoreshwa nkigikorwa cyo guta kokisi yuzuye, nibindi.
Ubushinwa 2020-2026 bwabaze ubushakashatsi ku isoko rya peteroli ya kokiya ubushakashatsi bwimbitse ku bijyanye n’imiterere ya raporo y’iterambere “bushingiye ku bushakashatsi bwinshi bwakozwe ku isoko, ahanini bushingiye ku biro by’igihugu bishinzwe ibarurishamibare, Minisiteri y’ubucuruzi na komisiyo ishinzwe iterambere n’ivugurura ry’igihugu. , Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cy’iterambere ry’inama y’igihugu, ishyirahamwe ry’inganda za kokiya zibarwa, kokiya yabazwe mu gihugu ndetse no mu mahanga amakuru ajyanye no gutangaza amakuru, hamwe n’ishingiro ry’ishami ry’ubushakashatsi bw’inganda za kokiya kugira ngo ritange amakuru arambuye,
Ufatanije n’amakuru yimbitse y’ubushakashatsi ku isoko, ashingiye ku ngaruka ubukungu bw’ubukungu bwa macro bw’Ubushinwa, politiki n’inganda zikomeye ku nganda za kokiya, iyi nyandiko yibanze ku mikorere rusange y’inganda za kokiya n’inganda zijyanye nayo, hamwe n’isesengura n’ibiteganijwe. icyerekezo cyiterambere nicyizere cyinganda za kokiya mugihe kizaza.
Raporo yerekana uko ibintu bimeze muri iki gihe n’iterambere ry’Ubushinwa yabaze isoko rya kokiya kuva mu 2020 kugeza 2026 ryashyizwe ahagaragara n’urusobe rw’ubushakashatsi mu nganda rufite amakuru ku gihe kandi yuzuye, imbonerahamwe ikungahaye kandi ikanabitekerezaho. Hashingiwe ku isesengura ryimbitse no guhanura uko ibintu bimeze muri iki gihe hamwe n’iterambere ry’isoko rya kokiya yabazwe, ubushakashatsi bw’iterambere ry’ejo hazaza h’inganda za kokiya zabazwe.
Kubara inganda za kokiya mumarushanwa akaze yisoko rikomeye gushishoza amahirwe yishoramari, guhindura ingamba zubucuruzi;
Guhitamo amahirwe akwiye yo gushora imari kubashoramari bafite ingamba, ubuyobozi bwikigo buzakora igenamigambi rifatika, butange amakuru yubutasi bwisoko nibitekerezo bifatika.
“2020-2026 Ubushinwa bwabaze isoko rya kokiya mu buryo bwimbitse ubushakashatsi n’iterambere ry’iterambere” ni raporo y’umwuga y’ingirakamaro ku mishinga ifitanye isano n’inganda za kokiya, ishami ry’ubushakashatsi, amabanki, guverinoma, n’ibindi, kugira ngo yumve neza, yuzuye kandi yunvikane vuba icyerekezo cy’iterambere ry’iterambere. kubara inganda za kokiya no gusobanukirwa icyerekezo cyiterambere cyiterambere ryibigo.
Igihe cyoherejwe: Gicurasi-19-2021