Ikoreshwa cyane mu gutunganya ibyuma n'ibyuma, rikoreshwa mu nganda zitunganya ibyuma n'ibyuma, mu gutunganya ibyuma, mu gusohora sulfure n'ibindi bikoresho by'inyongera. Ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda zitunganya ibyuma n'ibyuma ni ukwishyura ingano ya karuboni itwikwa mu gihe cy'ishonga ry'ibyuma n'ibyuma no kongeramo ibintu birimo karuboni.
Mu gikorwa cyo gushongesha ibyuma n'ibyuma, akenshi bitewe n'igihe cyo gushongesha, igihe cyo gufata, igihe cyo gushyuha cyane n'ibindi bintu, igihombo cy'ibintu bya karuboni mu byuma bishongesha kiriyongera, bigatuma ingano ya karuboni mu byuma bishongesha, bigatuma ingano ya karuboni mu byuma bishongesha itagera ku gaciro k'ishingiro ryitezwe ko gushongesha. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa kongeramo ibikoresho bya karuboni kugira ngo hakosorwe ingano ya karuboni mu byuma, ikaba ari inyongera y'ingenzi mu gukora ibyuma byiza.
Umuti utuma ibintu bifata umwuka uhinduka bitewe n'umusaruro w'ibikoresho fatizo ushobora kugabanywamo: karuboni y'ibiti, karuboni y'amakara, karuboni ya koke, na grafiti.
1. Karuboni y'ibiti
2. Karuboni yo mu bwoko bw'amakara
* Kaburizeri y'amakara ikoreshwa mu gukaraba: Ni umusaruro w'ivu rike n'ifu nke ya sulfure mu itanura rya kaburiseri nyuma ya kaburiseri ikoreshwa mu bushyuhe bwinshi bwa 1250℃, ikorerwa cyane cyane muri Ningxia, muri Mongoliya y'imbere. Ingano ya karuboni muri rusange ni 90-93%. Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu bigo bikora ibyuma, kandi bimwe mu bigo bikora mu gukaraba bikoreshwa mu byuma by'umukara. Bitewe n'imiterere y'uturemangingo twa karuboni, inzira yo kwinjiza ubushyuhe iratinda kandi igihe ni kirekire.
* Kaburiteri yo guteka ya Asphalt: umusaruro ukomoka kuri hydrogenation ya tar ya makara kugira ngo ikore amavuta. Ni kaburiteri ifite karuboni nyinshi, sulfur nkeya na azote nkeya iva muri tar. Ingano ya karuboni iri hagati ya 96-99.5%, ingano yayo ni nkeya, imiterere yayo ni myinshi, imbaraga za mekanike n'ubudahangarwa bw'uduce tw'ibumba ni byinshi, kandi biroroshye gukoresha graphitization.
* Ikoreshwa rya koke ikoze mu byuma: gutwika amakara, akenshi ni copola irimo koke nini, usibye gushonga, ariko kandi ikoreshwa mu gutwika ibyuma.
3. Karuboni ya Coke (peteroli)
* Kaburizeri ya koke ifite calcium: Ni umusaruro ukozwe muri koke ya peteroli ifite sulfure nkeya nk'ibikoresho fatizo, igatunganywa mu itanura rya calcium ku bushyuhe bwa dogere 1300-1500 nyuma yo gukuraho ubushuhe, ibintu bihindagurika n'imyanda. Ingano yayo ya karuboni idahinduka muri rusange ihoraho kuri 98.5%, kandi ingano yayo ya sulfure muri rusange iri munsi ya 0.5% cyangwa 1%. Ubucucike bwayo ni buke, ntibyoroshye kubora, kandi igihe cyo kuyikoresha ni gito. Umusaruro wibanda cyane cyane muri Shandong, Liaoning, Tianjin. Kubera igiciro cyayo n'itangwa ryayo mu byiciro byinshi by'ibikoresho bya kaburizeri bifite inyungu, isoko rikoreshwa cyane.
* Igikoresho cyo gukaranga peteroli cya Graphitic peteroli: igikoresho cyo gukaranga peteroli mu itanura rishongesha icyuma cya graphitic nyuma yo gukora ibikoresho bya graphitic ku bushyuhe bwinshi bwa dogere 3000, gifite ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza vuba, karuboni nyinshi n'inyungu nke za sulfur. Ingano ya karuboni ni 98-99%, igipimo cy'ingano ya sulfur kiri munsi ya 0.05% cyangwa 0.03%, ahantu hakorerwa ubuhinzi higanje muri Mongoliya y'imbere, Jiangsu, Sichuan n'ahandi. Ubundi buryo buturuka kuri electrode ya graphite ikata imyanda, kuko electrode ya graphite ubwayo nyuma yo gutunganya graphitization, imyanda ishobora no gukoreshwa nk'igikoresho cyo gukaranga icyuma mu nganda z'ibyuma.
* Kaburiteri ya peteroli ya semi-grafitique: ubushyuhe bwa grafitique ntabwo buri hejuru nk'ubwa kaburiteri ya grafitique, ubushyuhe bwa karuboni muri rusange burenze 99.5, ubushyuhe bwa sulfur buri hejuru ugereranyije n'ubwa kaburiteri ya grafitique, buri munsi ya 0.3%.
4. Ubwoko bwa grafiti
* Igikoresho cyo gukaraba kirimo grafiti isa n'isi: ni ugukoresha grafiti isa n'isi mu gushongesha icyuma cyangwa gukaraba kirimo icyuma, aho gikorerwa cyane muri Hunan, ni ugukoresha ifu ya grafiti isa n'isi, akenshi ikaba iri kuri 75-80% bya karuboni, ishobora gusukurwa kugira ngo yongere ingano ya karuboni mu bicuruzwa.
* Igikoresho cyo gukaraba girafuriya karemano: ahanini gikoresha girafuriya, ingano ya karuboni iri hagati ya 65-99%, ubushobozi buke bwo kuguma mu cyuma.
* Ifu ya kaburimbo ivanze: ifu ya grafiti, ifu ya coke, coke ya peteroli n'ibindi bikoresho by'ibirenge, kongeramo ibintu bitandukanye byo gufatanya n'imashini bishobora gushyirwa mu ishusho, kugira ngo bikoreshwe nk'umugozi. Ingano ya karuboni muri rusange iri hagati ya 93 na 97%, kandi ingano ya sulfur ntihindagurika cyane, muri rusange iri hagati ya 0.09 na 0.7.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-17-2022