Igiti cy'amakara, ni igisobanuro cy'igiti cy'amakara, gutunganya ifu y'amakara nyuma yo gukuraho ibisigazwa by'amazi acukurwa, ni ubwoko bwa asphalt y'ubukorano, muri rusange ni amazi acukurwa, akomeye cyangwa akomeye, umukara kandi arabagirana, muri rusange arimo karuboni 92 ~ 94%, hydrogen hafi 4 ~ 5%. Igiti cy'amakara ni ikintu cy'ingenzi mu gutunganya ifu y'amakara kandi ni ibikoresho fatizo bidasimburwa byo gukora karuboni.
Intego yo gusya ibikomoka kuri tar ni ugushyira ibintu bifite ubushyuhe busa muri tar mu bice bihuye kugira ngo bikomeze gutunganywa no gutandukanya ibikomoka kuri monomer. Ibisigazwa by'ibikomoka kuri tar ni tar pitch y'amakara, ingana na 50% ~ 60% bya tar pitch y'amakara.
Dukurikije ahantu hatandukanye ho koroshya, asphalt y'amakara igabanyijemo ibice bibiri: asphalt y'ubushyuhe buke (asphalt yoroshye), asphalt y'ubushyuhe buringaniye (asphalt isanzwe), asphalt y'ubushyuhe bwinshi (asphalt ikomeye) ibyiciro bitatu, buri cyiciro gifite nimero ya 1 n'iya 2 mu byiciro bibiri.
Bitumen y'amakara ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu nzego zikurikira:
* Amavuta: Ibice bikomeye bishobora kuvangwa n'amavuta akomeye cyangwa bigakorwamo urusenda rukoreshwa, bishobora kugira uruhare mu gusimbuza amavuta akomeye.
Irangi: Irangi rishyiramo rosin cyangwa turpentine n'ibindi bikoresho byo guteka mu nyubako cyangwa imiyoboro idakoresha amazi. Rikwiriye ibyuma byo hanze, sima n'amabuye adakoresha amazi n'ibindi bikoresho byo kurinda, kandi rishobora gusigwa irangi no gusigwa ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba.
* Imirimo yo kubaka imihanda, ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi: muri rusange bivanze na asphalt ya peteroli, asphalt y'amakara na asphalt ya peteroli ugereranije, hari icyuho kigaragara cy'ubwiza n'icyuho cyo kuramba. Asphalt y'amakara ni mbi mu bijyanye no gushonga, ubushyuhe buke, iracikagurika mu gihe cy'itumba, irakoroha mu mpeshyi, kandi ishaza vuba.
* Ifatabuguzi: Ikora electrode, anode paste n'ibindi bikoresho bya karuboni, muri rusange asphalt yahinduwe. Muri rusange, asphalt yahinduwe ikorwa muri asphalt y'ubushyuhe buringaniye. Mu Bushinwa, uburyo bwo gushyushya kettle muri rusange bukoreshwa, kandi gaze ikoreshwa nk'ibicanwa mu gushyushya asphalt muri reactor. Amaherezo, asphalt ikomeye yahinduwe iboneka binyuze mu gutandukanya no gushyiramo ibice.
* Asphalt coke: ibisigazwa bikomeye bya asphalt y'amakara nyuma yo gushyuha cyane cyangwa gutinda guterwa. Asphalt coke ikunze gukoreshwa nk'ibikoresho fatizo mu bikoresho byihariye bya karuboni, ibyo bikaba ari ngombwa cyane mu gukora ibikoresho bya semiconductor na solar panel. Ikoreshwa cyane nk'ibikoresho bya electrode mu gutunganya aluminiyumu, ibikoresho bya karuboni mu gukora ibyuma bikoresha amashanyarazi n'ibikoresho byihariye bya karuboni mu bikoresho bya semiconductor.
* Ifu ya coke: asphalt yoroshye yatunganyijwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kuyitunganya mbere y’uko ikoreshwa, kuyiconga itinze, kuyiconga mu bushyuhe bwinshi, ahanini ikoreshwa mu gukora electrode n’ibicuruzwa byihariye bya karuboni. Ibicuruzwa bikozwe mu bikoresho byayo birangwa no kudakomera cyane, ubushobozi buke bwo kwaguka kw’ubushyuhe, kudakomera cyane mu bushyuhe, imbaraga nyinshi za mekanike no kudakomera neza mu buryo bwa ogisijeni.
* Fibre ya karuboni: fibre yihariye ifite karuboni irenga 92% ikomoka muri asphalt binyuze mu gutunganya, kuzunguruka, kubanza gusiga ogisijeni, kugabanya karuboni cyangwa gukoresha grafiti.
* Ifu y'amavuta, karuboni ikora, umukara wa karuboni n'ibindi bikoreshwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-30-2022