Ikara ryamakara, ni rigufi kubutaka bwamakara, gutunganya amakara yamakara nyuma yo kuvanaho ibisigazwa byamazi ya distillate, ni mubwoko bwa asfalt yubukorikori, mubisanzwe kumazi ya viscous, igice gikomeye cyangwa gikomeye, umukara kandi urabagirana, muri rusange harimo karubone 92 ~ 94%, hydrogen hafi 4 ~ 5%. Ikara ry'amakara nigicuruzwa cyingenzi mugikorwa cyo gutunganya amakara kandi ni ibikoresho fatizo bidasubirwaho kubyara karubone.
Intego yo gusibanganya ibishishwa ni uguhuriza hamwe ibice bisa nibitetse bisa mubice mubice bihuye kugirango bitunganyirizwe hamwe no gutandukanya ibicuruzwa bya monomer. Ibisigisigi byo gukuramo distillate ni ikibanza cyamakara, bingana na 50% ~ 60% byamakara.
Ukurikije ingingo zitandukanye zoroha, asifalt yamakara igabanijwemo ubushyuhe buke bwa asfalt (asifalt yoroshye), asifalt yubushyuhe bwo hagati (asifalt isanzwe), ubushyuhe bwo hejuru (asifalt ikomeye) ibyiciro bitatu, buri cyiciro gifite No 1 na No 2 ibyiciro bibiri.
Amakara yamakara akoreshwa cyane mubice bikurikira:
* Ibicanwa: Ibice bikomeye birashobora kuvangwa namavuta aremereye cyangwa bigakorwa muburyo bworoshye, birashobora kugira uruhare mugusimbuza amavuta aremereye.
Irangi: Irangi ryongeramo rosin cyangwa turpentine hamwe nuwuzuza mugihe utetse amavuta yinyubako zidafite amazi cyangwa imiyoboro. Irakwiriye kubakwa ibyuma byo hanze, beto na masonry bitarimo amazi kandi birinda, kandi birashobora gusiga irangi no gusiga irangi mubushyuhe bwicyumba.
* Kubaka umuhanda, ibikoresho byo kubaka: muri rusange bivanze na peteroli ya peteroli, asifalt yamakara na asifalt ya peteroli ugereranije, hari icyuho cyiza kigaragara nicyuho kirekire. Asifalt yamakara ikennye muri plastike, ikennye mubushyuhe bwubushyuhe, gucika intege mugihe cyizuba, koroshya icyi, no gusaza vuba.
* Binder: Kora electrode, paste ya anode nibindi bicuruzwa bya karubone bihuza, muri rusange byahinduwe asfalt. Mubisanzwe, asfalt yahinduwe itegurwa kuva ubushyuhe bwo hagati bwa asfalt. Mu Bushinwa, muri rusange hashyirwaho uburyo bwo gushyushya isafuriya, kandi gaze ikoreshwa nka lisansi yo gushyushya asfalt muri reaction. Hanyuma, asfalt ihinduwe iboneka binyuze mu gutandukana no guhunika.
* Coke ya asfalt: ibisigara bikomeye bya asfalt nyuma yubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyangwa gutinda kokiya. Kokiya ya Asfalt ikunze gukoreshwa nkibikoresho fatizo kubikoresho byihariye bya karubone, bikaba ari ngombwa mu gukora semiconductor hamwe n’ibikoresho bitanga izuba. Ikoreshwa cyane nkibikoresho bya electrode yo gutunganya aluminium, ibikoresho bya karubone byo gukora itanura ryamashanyarazi hamwe nibikoresho bidasanzwe bya karubone kubikoresho bya semiconductor.
* Kokiya y'urushinge: asfalt yoroshye asukuye hifashishijwe ibikoresho bibisi, gutinda kokiya, kubara ubushyuhe bwinshi inzira eshatu, cyane cyane zikoreshwa mubikorwa bya electrode nibicuruzwa bidasanzwe bya karubone. Ibicuruzwa bikozwe mubikoresho fatizo byacyo birangwa no kutarwanya ubukana, coeffisiyeti yo kwagura ubushyuhe buke, kurwanya ubushyuhe bukomeye, imbaraga za mashini nyinshi no kurwanya okiside nziza.
* Fibre fibre: fibre idasanzwe ifite ibice birenga 92% bya karubone yabonetse muri asfalt mugutunganya, kuzunguruka, mbere ya okiside, karubone cyangwa gushushanya.
* Amavuta yunvikana, akora karubone, karubone yumukara nibindi bikoreshwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-30-2022