Icyuma cy'umweru: Kimwe n'isukari dushyira mu cyayi, karuboni ishonga burundu mu cyuma cy'amazi. Iyo iyi karuboni ishongeshejwe mu cyuma idashobora gutandukana n'icyuma cy'amazi mu gihe icyuma gikomera, ariko kigakomeza gushonga burundu mu cyuma, imiterere yacyo twita icyuma cy'umweru. Icyuma cy'umweru gishongeshejwe, gifite imiterere igoramye cyane, cyitwa icyuma cy'umweru gishongeshejwe kuko kigaragaza ibara ryiza kandi ryera iyo cyamenetse.
Icuma cy'umukara: Mu gihe icyuma gikozwe mu mazi gikomera, karubone ishongeshejwe mu cyuma cy'umukara, nk'isukari iri mu cyayi, ishobora gusohoka nk'icyiciro cyihariye mu gihe cyo gukomera. Iyo dusuzumye imiterere nk'iyo dukoresheje mikorosikopi, tubona ko karubone yangiritse mu buryo butandukanye bugaragara n'amaso, mu buryo bwa grafiti. Ubwo bwoko bw'icyuma gikozwe mu mazi twita icyuma cy'umukara, kuko iyo iyi miterere, aho karubone igaragara muri lamellae, ni ukuvuga mu byiciro, yamenetse, havuka ibara ry'umukara kandi ry'umukara.
Ibyuma by'icyuma bifite amabara: Ibyuma by'umweru twavuze haruguru bigaragara mu gihe cyo gukonja vuba, mu gihe ibyuma by'umukara bigaragara mu gihe cyo gukonja buhoro. Niba umuvuduko w'ubukonje bw'igice cyasutswe uhuye n'aho ihinduka kuva ku cyera kugera ku kivu, birashoboka kubona ko imiterere y'umukara n'umweru igaragara hamwe. Ibyo byuma by'icyuma tubita amabara kuko iyo tuvunnye igice nk'icyo, ibirwa by'umukara bigaragara ku ibara ry'umweru.
Icuma gikonjeshwa: Ubwo bwoko bw'icyuma gikonjeshwa mu by'ukuri bukonjeshwa nk'icyuma cyera. Mu yandi magambo, gukonjeshwa kw'icyuma gikonjeshwa byemezwa ku buryo karuboni ikomeza gushonga burundu mu nyubako. Hanyuma, icyuma cyera gikonjeshwa gikorerwa ubushyuhe kugira ngo karuboni ishongeshejwe mu nyubako itandukanijwe n'inyubako. Nyuma y'ubu bushyuhe, tubona ko karuboni igaragara nk'imibumbe idahuje, ivanze.
Uretse iri shyirahamwe, niba karuboni yashoboye gutandukana n'imiterere bitewe no gukomera (nk'uko bimeze mu byuma by'imvi), dushobora gukora irindi shyirahamwe tureba imiterere yemewe ya grafiti ivuyemo:
Icupa rya grafiti y'umukara (lamellar grafiti): Niba karuboni yarakomeye bigatuma habaho imiterere ya grafiti nk'amababi y'amashu, tuvuga nk'ibyuma bya grafiti y'umukara cyangwa lamellar grafiti. Dushobora gukomera kuri iyi miterere, iboneka mu byuma bivanze aho ogisijeni na sulfur biri hejuru cyane, bitagaragaza ko hari ubushake bwo kugabanuka bitewe n'ubushyuhe bwinshi.
Ibyuma bya grafiti ikoze mu buryo bw'umuzenguruko: Nk'uko izina ribigaragaza, tubona ko muri ubu buryo, karuboni igaragara nk'udupira twa grafiti. Kugira ngo grafiti ibore mu buryo bw'umuzenguruko aho kuba imiterere ya lamellar, ogisijeni na sulfur mu mazi bigomba kugabanuka munsi y'urwego runaka. Niyo mpamvu iyo dukora icyuma cya grafiti ikoze mu buryo bw'umuzenguruko, dukoresha manyeziyumu mu byuma by'umuzenguruko, bishobora gukorana vuba na ogisijeni na sulfur, hanyuma tukayisuka mu byuma.
Icupa rya graphite rikozwe muri Vermicular: Niba umuti wa manyeziyumu ukoreshwa mu gihe cyo gukora icyuma cya graphite gikozwe muri spheroidal udahagije kandi graphite idashobora guhindurwamo spheroidal burundu, iyi miterere ya graphite, twita vermicular (cyangwa compact), ishobora kugaragara. Grafite ikozwe muri Vermicular, ikaba ari imiterere y'impinduka hagati y'ubwoko bwa graphite ya lamellar na spheroidal, ntabwo iha icyuma imiterere myinshi ya graphite ya spheroidal gusa, ahubwo inagabanya ubushake bwo gucika bitewe n'uburyo ikoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi. Iyi miterere, ifatwa nk'ikosa mu gukora icyuma cya graphite gikozwe muri spheroidal, ikorwa nkana n'inganda nyinshi zikora urufatiro kubera ibyiza byavuzwe haruguru.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-20-2024