Icyuma cyera: Kimwe nisukari dushyira mucyayi, karubone ishonga rwose mubyuma byamazi. Niba iyi karubone yashonze mumazi idashobora gutandukanywa nicyuma cyamazi mugihe icyuma gikozwe neza, ariko kigakomeza gushonga rwose muburyo, twita imiterere yavuyemo icyuma cyera. Icyuma cyera, gifite imiterere yoroheje cyane, cyitwa icyuma cyera kuko cyerekana ibara ryera, ryera iyo rivunitse.
Icyuma gisa nicyatsi: Mugihe icyuma gisukuye cyuma, karubone yashonga mubyuma byamazi, nkisukari mucyayi, irashobora kuvuka nkicyiciro cyihariye mugihe cyo gukomera. Iyo dusuzumye imiterere nkiyi munsi ya microscope, tubona ko karubone yangirika muburyo butandukanye bugaragara mumaso, muburyo bwa grafite. Twise ubu bwoko bwicyuma nkicyuma cyumukara, kuko iyo iyi miterere, aho karubone igaragara muri lamellae, ni ukuvuga mubice, ivunika, hagaragara ibara ryijimye kandi ryijimye.
Icyuma kiboneka: Ibyuma byera twavuze haruguru bigaragara mubihe bikonje byihuse, mugihe ibyuma byumuhondo byijimye bigaragara mubihe bikonje cyane. Niba igipimo cyo gukonjesha igice cyasutswe gihuye nurwego aho inzibacyuho kuva cyera ikajya kumera, birashoboka kubona ko imvi nicyera bigaragara hamwe. Twise ibi byuma byahinduwe kuko iyo tumennye igice, ibizinga byumukara bigaragara kumurongo wera.
Icyuma gipima icyuma: Ubu bwoko bwicyuma burashimangirwa nkicyuma cyera. Muyandi magambo, gukomera kwicyuma birashimangirwa kugirango karubone ikomeze gushonga rwose muburyo. Noneho, ibyuma byera byera byera bikorerwa ubushyuhe kuburyo karubone yashonze mumiterere itandukanijwe nuburyo. Nyuma yubu buryo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe, tubona ko karubone igaragara nkimiterere idasanzwe, yegeranye.
Usibye ibi byiciro, niba karubone yarashoboye gutandukanya imiterere nkigisubizo cyo gukomera (nko mubyuma byumukara), turashobora gukora ikindi cyiciro tureba imitungo yemewe ya grafite:
Icyatsi (lamellar graphite) icyuma: Niba karubone yarakomeye itanga imiterere ya grafite igaragara nkamababi ya cabage, twerekeza ku byuma bikozwe nk'icyatsi cyangwa lamellar grafite. Turashobora gushimangira iyi miterere, iboneka mumavuta aho ogisijeni na sulferi biri hejuru cyane, tuterekanye uburyo bwo kugabanuka cyane bitewe nubushyuhe bwinshi bwumuriro.
Spherical graphite cast Iron: Nkuko izina ribigaragaza, tubona ko muri iyi miterere, karubone igaragara nkimipira ya grafite. Kugirango grafite ibore muburyo bwa serefegitura aho kuba imiterere ya lamellar, ogisijeni na sulferi mumazi bigomba kugabanuka munsi yurwego runaka. Niyo mpamvu mugihe dukora spheroidal grafite cast fer, tuvura ibyuma byamazi hamwe na magnesium, bishobora kubyitwaramo vuba na ogisijeni na sulferi, hanyuma tukabisuka mubibumbano.
Vermicular grafite cast Iron: Niba imiti ya magnesium ikoreshwa mugihe cyo gukora spheroidal grafite ya ferite idahagije kandi igishushanyo ntigishobora kuba spheroidiside rwose, iyi miterere ya grafite, twita vermicular (cyangwa compact), irashobora kuvuka. Vermicular graphite, nuburyo bwinzibacyuho hagati yubwoko bwa gramelite ya lamellar na spheroidal, ntabwo itanga ibyuma gusa hamwe nubukorikori buhanitse bwa spheroidal grafite, ariko kandi bigabanya kugabanuka kwinshi bitewe nubushyuhe bwinshi bwumuriro. Iyi miterere, ifatwa nkikosa mugukora spheroidal grafite ya ferite, iterwa nkana ninganda nyinshi kubera ibyiza byavuzwe haruguru.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-29-2023