Graphite ni ibikoresho bisanzwe bitari iby'icyuma, by'umukara, bifite ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ubukonje, amashanyarazi n'ubushyuhe byiza, amavuta meza n'imiterere ihamye ya shimi; amashanyarazi meza, ashobora gukoreshwa nk'amashanyarazi muri EDM. Ugereranyije na electrode gakondo z'umuringa, graphite ifite ibyiza byinshi nko kudakoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi, gukoresha amazi make, no guhindura ubushyuhe buhoro. Igaragaza ko ihinduka neza mu gutunganya neza ibice bito n'ibikomeye hamwe na electrode nini. Yagiye isimbuza electrode z'umuringa buhoro buhoro nk'ibishashi by'amashanyarazi. Ikoreshwa cyane mu gutunganya electrode [1]. Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho birwanya kwangirika kwa graphite bishobora gukoreshwa mu gihe cy'umuvuduko mwinshi, ubushyuhe bwinshi, n'umuvuduko mwinshi nta mavuta yo kwisiga. Ibikoresho byinshi bikoresha cyane ibikombe bya piston, seal na bearing.
Muri iki gihe, ibikoresho bya grafiti bikoreshwa cyane mu bijyanye n'imashini, ibyuma, inganda z'ibinyabutabire, ubwugarizi bw'igihugu n'ibindi. Hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'ibice bya grafiti, imiterere y'ibice bigoye, imiterere y'ubuziranenge bwo hejuru n'ibisabwa ku bwiza bw'ubuso. Ubushakashatsi bwo mu gihugu ku bijyanye no gutunganya grafiti ntabwo buhagije. Ibikoresho by'imashini zitunganya grafiti zo mu gihugu nabyo ni bike cyane. Gutunganya grafiti zo mu mahanga ahanini bikoresha ibigo bitunganya grafiti mu gutunganya vuba, ubu bikaba ari byo byerekezo by'iterambere ry'imashini zitunganya grafiti.
Iyi nkuru isesengura cyane cyane ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya graphite n'ibikoresho by'imashini zitunganya ibikoresho uhereye ku ngingo zikurikira.
①Isesengura ry'imikorere y'imashini za grafiti;
② Uburyo busanzwe bwo gupima ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya grafiti;
③ Ibikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa n'ibipimo byo gukata mu gutunganya grafiti;
Isesengura ry'imikorere yo gukata grafiti
Graphite ni ibikoresho byoroshye kandi bifite imiterere itandukanye. Gukata graphite bigerwaho binyuze mu gukora uduce duto tw’udupira cyangwa ifu binyuze mu kuvunika kw’udupira tw’ibikoresho bya graphite. Ku bijyanye n’uburyo bwo gukata ibikoresho bya graphite, intiti zo mu gihugu no mu mahanga zakoze ubushakashatsi bwinshi. Intiti z’abanyamahanga zizera ko igikorwa cyo gukora udupira twa graphite kiba hafi iyo uruhande rw’icyuma ruhuye n’igikoresho, hanyuma umutwe w’igikoresho ukavunika, hagakorwa udupira duto n’umwobo muto, maze hagakorwa umwobo, uzagera imbere no hepfo y’umutwe w’igikoresho, hagakorwa umwobo wo kuvunika, kandi igice cy’igikoresho kizavunika bitewe no gutera imbere kw’igikoresho, hagakorwa udupira. Intiti zo mu gihugu zizera ko udupira twa graphite ari duto cyane, kandi uruhande rw’icyuma rugira agace kanini k’umutwe, bityo uruhare rw’uruhande rw’icyuma rugasa no gusohora. Ibikoresho bya graphite mu gace k’igikoresho - igikoresho gikandagirwa n’isura y’icyuma n’umutwe w’igikoresho. Mu gihe cy’igitutu, kuvunika kw’udupira kurakorwa, bityo hagakorwa udupira two gukata [3].
Mu gihe cyo gukata grafiti, bitewe n'impinduka mu cyerekezo cyo gukata impande cyangwa impande z'igikoresho, impinduka mu kwihutisha kw'igikoresho, impinduka mu cyerekezo n'inguni yo gukata yinjira n'isohoka mu gikoresho, gukata bihinda, nibindi, ingaruka runaka ziterwa n'icyuma gikora grafiti, bigatera inkombe y'igice cya grafiti. Kugorama no gucika kw'imfuruka, kwangirika gukomeye kw'igikoresho n'ibindi bibazo. Cyane cyane iyo hatunganywa impande n'ibice bya grafiti bito kandi bigufi, birashoboka cyane ko bitera impande no gucika kw'icyuma gikora, ibyo bikaba byaranabaye ingorabahizi mu gutunganya grafiti.
Uburyo bwo gukata grafiti 
Uburyo gakondo bwo gukora ibikoresho bya grafiti burimo gucura, gusya, gusya, gukata, nibindi, ariko bushobora gusa gutunganya ibice bya grafiti mu buryo bworoshye kandi butarimo uburiganya bwinshi. Bitewe n'iterambere ryihuse n'ikoreshwa ry'ibigo byo gukora graphite byihuta, ibikoresho byo gukata, n'ikoranabuhanga rijyanye nabyo, ubu buryo gakondo bwo gukora ibyuma bwagiye busimbuzwa buhoro buhoro n'ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora ibyuma ryihuse. Imyitozo yagaragaje ko: bitewe n'imiterere ikomeye kandi yoroshye ya grafiti, kwangirika kw'ibikoresho birushaho gukomera mu gihe cyo gutunganya, bityo, ni byiza gukoresha ibikoresho bitwikiriwe na carbide cyangwa diyama.
Ingamba zo guca inzira
Bitewe n'umwihariko wa grafiti, kugira ngo ibice bya grafiti bigerweho gutunganya neza, hagomba gufatwa ingamba zijyanye n'ibikorwa kugira ngo harebwe neza. Mu gihe cyo gukata ibikoresho bya grafiti, igikoresho gishobora kurya ku gikoresho, hakoreshejwe ibipimo binini byo gukata; kugira ngo hirindwe gucika mu gihe cyo kurangiza, ibikoresho bifite ubushobozi bwo kudashira neza bikunze gukoreshwa kugira ngo bigabanye ingano y'igikoresho cyo gukata, kandi urebe neza ko ubugari bw'igikoresho cyo gukata buri munsi ya 1/2 cy'umurambararo w'igikoresho, kandi ugakora ibipimo nko gukata buhoro buhoro mu gihe cyo gutunganya impande zombi [4].
Ni ngombwa kandi gutegura neza inzira yo gukata mu gihe cyo gukata. Mu gihe cyo gutunganya imiterere y'imbere, imiterere ikikije igomba gukoreshwa uko bishoboka kose kugira ngo ikate igice cy'ingufu cy'igice cyaciwe kugira ngo gihore gikomeye kandi gikomeye, kandi wirinde ko igikoresho cyacika [5]. Mu gihe cyo gutunganya imiterere cyangwa imiyoboro, hitamo uburyo bwo kugaburira bugana ku ruhande cyangwa ku ruziga uko bishoboka kose; wirinde ko hari ibirwa biri ku buso bw'aho igice gikorera, kandi wirinde ko hari icyo gikora kiri ku buso bw'aho gikorera.
Byongeye kandi, uburyo bwo gukata nabwo ni ikintu cy'ingenzi kigira ingaruka ku gukata grafiti. Gutembera kw'ibice mu gihe cyo gusya hasi ni munsi y'uko gusya hejuru. Ubunini bw'igikoresho mu gihe cyo gusya hasi bugabanuka kuva kuri zeru ntarengwa, kandi nta kintu kizabaho nyuma y'uko igikoresho giciwe mu gikoresho. Kubwibyo, gusya hasi muri rusange bitoranywa kugira ngo bitunganywe na grafiti.
Mu gutunganya ibikoresho bya grafiti bifite imiterere igoye, uretse kunoza ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya hashingiwe ku byavuzwe haruguru, hari ingamba zihariye zigomba gufatwa hakurikijwe ibisabwa kugira ngo haboneke umusaruro mwiza wo gukata.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 20 Gashyantare 2021