Impamvu nyamukuru ituma inganda zikora bateri zo mu rwego rwo hejuru zishaka kugura coke ya peteroli ifite graphitized ni uruhare rwayo nk'ibikoresho by'ingenzi by'ibikoresho bya anode, bigira uruhare runini mu kongera imikorere ya bateri, kugabanya ikiguzi, no guhaza ibyifuzo by'inganda nshya z'ingufu. Isesengura rikurikira rikorwa mu byiciro bitatu: ikoranabuhanga, isoko, n'inganda.
I. Ingano y'ikoranabuhanga: Koke ya peteroli ya Graphitized ni "ibuye ry'imfuruka" ry'ibikoresho bya Anode
1. Uburyo bwo gukoresha igishushanyo mbonera (Graphitization) bwongera imikorere y'ibikoresho
Koke ya peteroli ya grafiti ihinduka grafiti ifite ubushyuhe bwinshi binyuze mu kuvura ubushyuhe bwinshi (ubusanzwe burenga 2.800°C), birushaho kunoza imikorere yayo, kuguma kwayo neza, ndetse n'ubuzima bwayo. Urugero:
- Bateri ya BYD's Blade: Ikoresheje koke ya peteroli ya grafititized nk'ibikoresho bya anode, hamwe na cathode ya phosphate y'icyuma ya lithium, igera ku bucucike bw'ingufu nyinshi (ubwiyongere burenze 30% mu kubika ingufu kuri buri gipimo), igihe kirekire cyo kumara (inshuro zirenga 2.000 zo gusohora umuriro), kandi ifite umutekano mwiza (gutsinda ibizamini byo kwinjira mu nzara nta nkongi y'umuriro).
- Bateri ya Tesla ya 4680: Ifite umubare munini wa coke ya peteroli ya grafitized mu bikoresho byayo bya anode, ifasha ubushobozi bwo gusharija vuba cyane (gusharija kugeza kuri 80% mu minota 15) kandi ikora neza cyane mu bushyuhe buke (ishobora kubika ubushobozi burenga 90% kuri -20°C).
2. Inyungu Ihendutse Ishyigikira Porogaramu Zinini
Koke ya peteroli ifite graphite ifite ubwoko bwinshi bw'ibikoresho fatizo (nk'umusaruro w'ibikomoka ku gutunganya peteroli), aho ibiciro byayo ari kimwe cya gatatu kugeza kuri kimwe cya kabiri cy'ibya graphite karemano, kandi ikoranabuhanga ryayo ryo kuyitunganya ryarakuze, ibyo bikaba bishobora kugabanya cyane ikiguzi cy'ibikoresho bya anode. Urugero: - Mu 2025, igiciro mpuzandengo cya koke ya peteroli ifite sarufe nke mu Bushinwa cyitezwe kuba hafi 1.841 yuan kuri toni, mu gihe ibiciro bya grafiti karemano byo ku rwego rwo hejuru birenga 5.000 yuan kuri toni.
- BYD yagabanyije ikiguzi cya Blade Battery yayo ku kigero cya 15%-20% binyuze mu kugura ku giciro kinini cya graphitized peteroli coke, yongera ubushobozi bwayo bwo guhangana ku isoko.
II. Ingano y'Isoko: Ubusabe Bukabije mu Rwego Rushya rw'Ingufu Butuma habaho Ubusabe Bukomeye hagati y'Ubusabe n'Ubucuruzi
1. Ubwiyongere bw'ikiguzi cy'amabatiri y'amashanyarazi
Biteganijwe ko ku isi hose imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu zizarenga miliyoni 30 mu 2025, bigatuma umubare w’abakenera bateri zikoresha ingufu wiyongeraho ku kigero kirenga 40%.
Nk'ibikoresho by'ingenzi by'ibikoresho bya anode, icyifuzo cya coke ya peteroli ifite grafiti kirimo kwiyongera icyarimwe. Urugero:
- Buri GWh ya bateri za lithium ikenera toni zigera kuri 600 za coke ya peteroli ya grafitize, aho biteganijwe ko isoko mpuzamahanga mu rwego rw'amashanyarazi rizagera kuri toni miliyoni 1.2 mu 2025.
- Uruganda rwa Tesla rwo muri Shanghai, rufite ubushobozi bwo gukora buri mwaka bwongereweho kugeza kuri miliyoni imwe, ruzakenera toni zisaga 60.000 za koka ya peteroli ifite grafiti.
2. Isoko ryo kubika ingufu ryagaragaye nk'urwego rushya rw'iterambere
Biteganijwe ko ubushobozi bwo kubika ingufu ku isi yose buzagera kuri 500 GWh mu 2025, aho bateri za lithium-ion zirenga 80%.
Bitewe nuko ihendutse cyane, koke ya peteroli ifite graphitized ifite igipimo cyo kwinjira kirenga 70% mu bikoresho bya anode bya bateri zibika ingufu, ikaba ari yo sosiyete ikomeye yo kwagura ibikoresho nka CATL na LG Energy Solution.
III. Ingano y'Inganda: Guhuza Uruhererekane rw'Ibicuruzwa n'Imiterere Yihutishwa Ishingiye kuri Politiki
1. Guhuza imiyoboro y'ibicuruzwa mu buryo butambitse n'ibigo bikomeye
- BYD: Mu gushora imari mu bigo bitanga karubone (nk'ishoramari miliyari 1 y'amayuan mu kubaka umushinga wo guhuza anode), byashyize ubushobozi bwo gukora peteroli ya coke ifite graphite, byongera inyungu yayo ku kigero cya 8 ku ijana.
- Tesla: Yasinye amasezerano y'igihe kirekire n'abacuruza peteroli ya lisansi nke ku isi (nk'abo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika n'Ubuholandi) kugira ngo irebe ko ibikoresho fatizo bitangwa neza.
2. Inyungu za politiki zitanga amahirwe ku nganda
Ingamba z’Ubushinwa zo “gukoresha karubone ebyiri” zateje imbere inganda nshya z’ingufu, aho ingano y’isoko ry’inganda za peteroli yitezwe kugera kuri miliyari 26.67 z’amadolari mu 2025, aho igipimo cya peteroli ya sulfure nkeya yiyongera kugera kuri 45% (ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu bikoresho bya anode byo mu rwego rwo hejuru).
Politiki zikaze zo kubungabunga ibidukikije (nk'"Gahunda yo gucunga ikoreshwa rya peteroli mu turere tw'ingenzi") yihutishije ihuzwa ry'inganda, aho ibigo bikomeye birushaho guhuza aho bihagaze ku isoko binyuze mu kuvugurura ikoranabuhanga ryabyo (nk'ububiko buhuriweho n'ubwikorezi hamwe na sisitemu zo gukuraho ivumbi rikoresha amashanyarazi menshi) kugira ngo bihuze n'ibisabwa kugabanya karubone.
IV. Ingendo z'ejo hazaza: Ivugurura ry'ikoranabuhanga hamwe n'ivugurura ry'inganda
1. Kwinjira buhoro buhoro kw'ibikoresho bya Anode bishingiye kuri Silicon
Koke ya peteroli ya grafiti izongeramo ibikoresho bishingiye kuri silicon (nk'ibinyabutabire bya silicon-carbon) kugira ngo byongere ubucucike bw'ingufu za bateri (agaciro ka teyori karenze 400 Wh / kg), bihuze n'ibikenewe ku masoko yo ku rwego rwo hejuru.
Biteganijwe ko igipimo cy'ibikoresho bya anode bishingiye kuri silicon kizagera kuri 10% mu 2025, bigatuma imiterere y'ubukene bwa coke ya peteroli igenda yiyongera.
2. Imiterere y'Isi Yose Yihuta
Kubaka ubushobozi bwo gukora anode mu mahanga (nk'inyongera ku busabe bwa toni 600.000 kugeza 700.000 za coke ya peteroli ifite sulfure nkeya biteganijwe muri 2026-2027) bizatuma inganda zo mu Bushinwa zikora coke ya peteroli zikoresha grafiti, zigakora inyungu y'uruhererekane rw' "ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho fatizo mu gutunganya ibikoresho fatizo."
Umwanzuro
Koke ya peteroli ya grafitis yahindutse isoko ry’ “izahabu y’umukara” rishakishwa cyane n’inganda zikora bateri zo ku rwego rwo hejuru bitewe n’imikorere yayo mu ikoranabuhanga, inyungu ku giciro, n’imikoranire mu nganda. Uko inganda nshya z’ingufu zikomeza kwaguka, isoko ryayo rizarushaho gukomera, hamwe no kuvugurura ikoranabuhanga n’imiterere y’isi yose bikaba ingenzi mu guhangana n’ibigo.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-08-2025