Graphite electrode bivuga kokiya ya peteroli, kokiya y'urushinge nk'ibikoresho fatizo, igitereko cy'amakara ku bifata, nyuma y'ibikoresho fatizo bibarwa, gusya kumeneka, kuvanga, gukata, kubumba, kubara, gutera akabariro, gushushanya no gutunganya imashini kandi bikozwe mu bwoko bw'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwo kurwanya ibintu bya grafite ya elegitoronike (bivuze ko ari grafitike ya elegitoroniki). Ukurikije icyerekezo cyiza cyacyo, irashobora kugabanywamo amashanyarazi asanzwe ya electrode, amashanyarazi menshi ya grafite electrode na ultra-high power grafite electrode.
Imashanyarazi nini ya grafite electrode ikozwe mubikorwa bya peteroli yo mu rwego rwo hejuru (cyangwa kokasi yo mu rwego rwo hasi), rimwe na rimwe umubiri wa electrode ukenera kwinjizwa, imiterere yumubiri nubukanishi biruta ingufu zisanzwe za elegitoroniki ya elegitoronike, nko kutarwanya imbaraga, bigatuma ubucucike bunini buriho.
Amashanyarazi menshi ya grafite electrode yemerera gukoresha ubucucike bwa 18 ~ 25A / cm2 ya electrode ya grafite, cyane cyane ikoreshwa mubyuma bikomeye arc itanura ryicyuma.
Gukora itanura ryamashanyarazi nicyuma gikoresha amashanyarazi ya grafite. Umusaruro wibyuma bya eAF mubushinwa bingana na 18% byumusaruro wibyuma, naho electrode ya grafite ikoreshwa mugukora ibyuma bingana na 70% ~ 80% byamafaranga yose ya electrode ya grafite. Gukora itanura ry'amashanyarazi ni ugukoresha electrode ya grafite mu itanura, gukoresha ingufu z'amashanyarazi no kwishyuza hagati ya arc itangwa n'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwo gushonga.
-itanura rya arc rikoreshwa cyane cyane mugukora fosifore yumuhondo na silikoni yinganda, nibindi, ibiyiranga nigice cyo hepfo ya electrode itwara amashanyarazi yashyinguwe mumashanyarazi, arc ikozwe mubikoresho, kandi igakoresha umuriro w'itanura ubwayo kuva mukurwanya ingufu z'ubushyuhe kugeza gushyushya itanura, kimwe mubitereko byinshi bya elegitoronike ya elegitoronike hafi ya 40 ya elegitoronike, ya grafite electrode irakenewe kugirango habeho fosifore 1t yumuhondo.
Itanura rya grafitisation yo gukora ibicuruzwa bya grafite, itanura ryo gushonga ibirahure hamwe n’itanura ryamashanyarazi yo gukora karbide ya silicon ni itanura rirwanya. Ibikoresho biri mu itanura byombi birwanya ubushyuhe hamwe nubushyuhe. Mubisanzwe, amashanyarazi ya grafite ya elegitoronike ashyirwa mu rukuta rw'itanura ku iherezo ry’itanura rirwanya, kandi electrode ya grafite ikoreshwa mu gukoresha ibicuruzwa bidahagarara hano.
Electrode yubusa ya grafite nayo ikoreshwa mugutunganya ibintu bitandukanye byingenzi, ibumba, ubwato hamwe nubushyuhe hamwe nibindi bicuruzwa byihariye bya grafite. Kurugero, muruganda rwa quartz ibirahure, 10T ya grafite ya electrode bilet irakenewe kuri buri 1T yumusaruro wamashanyarazi; 100kg ya grafite ya electrode bilet irakenewe kugirango habeho amatafari ya 1t quartz.
Kuva mu ntangiriro z'igihembwe cya kane cy'umwaka wa 2016, hamwe no guteza imbere politiki yo kuvugurura impande zombi mu nganda z’icyuma n’ibyuma, guhashya ibyuma byo hasi byabaye ikintu cyambere mu gukuraho ubushobozi bw’umusaruro wasubiye inyuma. Ku ya 10 Mutarama 2017, umuyobozi wungirije wa komisiyo y’igihugu ishinzwe iterambere n’ivugurura yavuze mu nama y’Inama Njyanama ya 2017 ya CISA yavuze ko utubari twose two hasi tugomba kuvanwaho mbere y’itariki ya 30 Kamena 2017. Muri 2017, Ubushinwa ubushobozi bw’ibyuma bya eAF bwari hafi toni miliyoni 120, muri bwo toni miliyoni 86,6 zikaba zarakozwe kandi toni miliyoni 15.6 ntizibyazwa umusaruro. Kugeza mu mpera z'Ukwakira 2017, ubushobozi bwa eAF bwari hafi toni miliyoni 26.5, muri zo hafi 30% zasubukuwe. Ingaruka zo kugabanya ubushobozi bwitanura ryumuriro uciriritse, ibyuma by itanura ryamashanyarazi biratangira cyane, kandi inyungu zubukungu bwicyuma cyamashanyarazi kiragaragara. Amashanyarazi y'itanura ry'amashanyarazi akeneye imbaraga nyinshi hamwe na ultra-high power grafite electrode, hamwe nishyaka ryinshi ryo kugura.
Muri 2017, igiciro cyimbere mu gihugu cya electrode ya grafite yazamutse, kandi mu mahanga icyifuzo cyazamutse. Amasoko yo mu gihugu ndetse no hanze yarwo yagarutse mu iterambere. Mu Bushinwa, kubera gukuraho “ibyuma byo hasi”, kongera ubushobozi bw’itanura ry’amashanyarazi arc, igipimo cyo kurengera ibidukikije cy’inganda za karubone n’ibindi bintu, igiciro cya electrode y’imbere mu gihugu cyazamutse cyane muri 2017, byerekana ko isoko rya electrode yo mu gihugu iri mu bikoresho bike. Muri icyo gihe, ubwiyongere bwa electrode yo mu Bushinwa bwerekana ko amashanyarazi akenewe mu mahanga akomeye. Imbere mu gihugu no hanze yerekanaga ko hakenewe electrode ya grafite, inganda ziracyari mukibazo gito.
Kubwibyo, ishoramari rikurura ingufu za grafite electrode yinganda ziracyakomeye.
Hamwe niterambere ryinganda zicyuma nicyuma kwisi, itanura ryamashanyarazi arc buhoro buhoro kugeza nini, ultra-high power na mudasobwa igenzura byikora nibindi bice byiterambere, ikoreshwa ryitanura ryamashanyarazi arc ryiyongera, biteza imbere ikoreshwa rya electrode nini cyane.
Ugereranije na Amerika, Uburayi, Ubuyapani ndetse n'ibindi bihugu n'uturere byateye imbere, inganda zikomeye zo mu Bushinwa zikoresha amashanyarazi ya elegitoronike zatangiye bitinze, ahanini zishingiye ku bicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga hakiri kare, umusaruro wa electrode nini ya grafitike ntushobora gukenerwa. Bitewe niterambere ryinganda zicyuma nicyuma niterambere ryikoranabuhanga, Ubushinwa bwagiye buhindura buhoro buhoro monopoliya y’ikoranabuhanga mu bihugu by’amahanga, kandi ubushobozi bw’umusaruro wa electrode nini ya grafitike ya electrode bwarazamutse, kandi n’ubuziranenge bw’ibicuruzwa nabwo bwazamutse vuba. Kugeza ubu, amashanyarazi maremare ya electrode yakozwe mu Bushinwa yageze ku musaruro mwiza mu itanura rinini ry’amashanyarazi arc, kandi ibipimo ngenderwaho byose by’ibicuruzwa bishobora kugera ku rwego mpuzamahanga ruyoboye. Ubushinwa bukoresha ingufu za grafitike ya electrode ntabwo itanga isoko ryimbere mu gihugu gusa, ahubwo inatanga ibicuruzwa byinshi byoherezwa mubihugu byamahanga, ibyifuzo byibicuruzwa biva hanze ni bike.
Iterambere ryogukora ibyuma byo mu ziko kugeza ingufu nyinshi nicyerekezo cyingenzi cyiterambere ryinganda zikora amashanyarazi. Mu bihe biri imbere, umusaruro w’amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi aziyongera, kandi n’icyifuzo cya electrode y’amashanyarazi menshi nacyo kiziyongera, biteze imbere umusaruro wa electrode nini cyane mu Bushinwa. Imbere mu gihugu amashanyarazi akomeye ya grafite ya electrode arashobora kwagura urwego rwinganda, gukora ubushakashatsi no guteza imbere ibikoresho fatizo, no kubaka ibikoresho byumusaruro, bishobora kugabanya neza ibiciro byumushinga no kuzamura inyungu zumushinga.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-31-2022