Cnooc (Qingdao) Amavuta Yinshi Gutunganya Ubwubatsi Ikoranabuhanga Ubushakashatsi Centre Co, LTD
Ibikoresho byo gufata neza ibikoresho, nomero 32, 2021
Abstract: Iterambere rikomeje ry'ubumenyi n'ikoranabuhanga mu Bushinwa ryateje imbere iterambere ry'inzego zitandukanye z'umuryango. Muri icyo gihe, yazamuye kandi imbaraga mu bukungu n'imbaraga rusange z'igihugu. Nkigice cyingenzi mubikorwa byo gukora ibyuma byumuzunguruko, kokiya y'urushinge ikoreshwa cyane mugukora electrode ya grafite. Ifite uruhare runini mu gukora ibicuruzwa bya batiri ya lithium, ndetse no mu nganda zikoresha ingufu za kirimbuzi ndetse n’indege. Hamwe no guteza imbere ubumenyi bwa tekinoloji n’ikoranabuhanga, iterambere ryogutezimbere no kunoza ikoranabuhanga ry’icyuma cy’amashanyarazi ryatejwe imbere, kandi ibipimo bijyanye n’ibisabwa bya kokiya y'urushinge mu bushakashatsi no mu iterambere no mu musaruro byahoraga bivugururwa, kugira ngo kubahiriza ibisabwa mu iterambere ry’imibereho myiza. Bitewe nibikoresho fatizo bitandukanye bikoreshwa mugikorwa cyo kubyaza umusaruro, kokiya y'urushinge igabanijwemo peteroli na seriveri. Ukurikije ibisubizo byihariye byo gusaba, birashobora kugaragara ko urukurikirane rwa peteroli rukora urushinge rwa kokiya rufite ibikorwa byimiti kuruta urukurikirane rwamakara. Muri iyi nyandiko, twiga uko ibintu byifashe muri iki gihe isoko rya peteroli yibanda kuri peteroli hamwe n’ibibazo biri mu bushakashatsi n’umusaruro w’ikoranabuhanga bijyanye, tunasesengura ingorane mu iterambere ry’umusaruro hamwe n’ibibazo bya tekinike bifitanye isano na peteroli yibanda kuri peteroli.
I. Intangiriro
Coke y'urushinge igira uruhare runini mugukora electrode ya grafite. Urebye uko iterambere ryifashe muri iki gihe, ibihugu byateye imbere mu mahanga nka Amerika n'Ubuyapani byatangiye kare mu bushakashatsi no guteza imbere no gukora kokiya y'urushinge, kandi ikoreshwa ry'ikoranabuhanga rijyanye naryo ryagiye rikura, kandi bamenye ikoranabuhanga ry’ibanze ryo gukora ibikomoka kuri peteroli. Mugereranije, ubushakashatsi bwigenga no gutanga urushinge mumavuta yibanze bitangira bitinze. Ariko hamwe niterambere ryiterambere ryubukungu bwisoko ryacu, dutezimbere kwaguka kwinshi mubice bitandukanye byinganda, ubushakashatsi niterambere ryurushinge rwibanda kuri peteroli byateye intambwe mumyaka yashize, byerekana umusaruro winganda. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, haracyariho icyuho cyiza no gukoresha ingaruka ugereranije nibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga.Niyo mpamvu, birakenewe gusobanura neza uko iterambere ryiterambere ryifashe muri iki gihe hamwe ningorane za tekinike muri sisitemu ya peteroli.
Ii. Kumenyekanisha no gusesengura ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji ya peteroli ya tekinoroji
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Tekinoroji ya peteroli ya coke ya peteroli yatangiriye muri Amerika muri 1950. Ariko igihugu cyacu kirakinguye kumugaragaro
Ubushakashatsi ku ikoranabuhanga no gukora peteroli ikenera peteroli byatangiye mu ntangiriro ya za 1980. Ku nkunga ya politiki y’igihugu ku bushakashatsi n’ikoranabuhanga mu iterambere, ibigo by’ubushakashatsi mu Bushinwa byatangiye gukora ibizamini bitandukanye kuri peteroli ikenera peteroli kandi bigahora bishakisha kandi bigakora ubushakashatsi butandukanye. Byongeye kandi, mu myaka ya za 90, igihugu cyacu cyarangije ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwubushakashatsi ku itegurwa rya sisitemu ya peteroli yibanda ku nshinge, kandi isaba ikoranabuhanga ry’ipatanti bijyanye. Mu myaka yashize, ku nkunga ya politiki y’igihugu ibishinzwe, Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubumenyi n’inganda bifitanye isano n’ishoramari mu bushakashatsi n’iterambere kandi biteza imbere iterambere ry’umusaruro n’inganda mu nganda. Urwego rwubushakashatsi niterambere ryiterambere rya tekinoroji ya peteroli-kokiya nayo ihora itera imbere. Impamvu nyamukuru yabyo ni uko hari byinshi mu gihugu bikenera urushinge rwa peteroli-kokiya. Nyamara, ubushakashatsi bwimbere mu gihugu niterambere hamwe ninganda ntibishobora guhaza isoko, igice kinini cyisoko ryimbere mu gihugu gikoreshwa nibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga. Urebye uko iterambere ryifashe muri iki gihe, nubwo icyerekezo cyibanze no kwitabwaho kuri peteroli yibanda kuri peteroli ubushakashatsi n’iterambere ndetse n’inganda biriyongera, ukurikije urwego rw’ubushakashatsi n’ikoranabuhanga mu iterambere, hari ingorane zimwe na zimwe zituma ubushakashatsi bw’ikoranabuhanga bujyanye n'inzitizi z'iterambere, biganisha ku cyuho kinini hagati y'igihugu cyacu n'ibihugu byateye imbere.
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Dushingiye ku isesengura ry’ibicuruzwa by’imbere mu gihugu n’amahanga ndetse n’ingaruka zikoreshwa, birashobora kugaragara ko itandukaniro riri hagati yazo mu bwiza bwa kokiya ya urushinge rwa peteroli ahanini riterwa n’itandukaniro riri mu bipimo byombi byerekana ko kwaguka kw’ubushyuhe hamwe no gukwirakwiza ingano, yerekana itandukaniro ryubwiza bwibicuruzwa [1]. Iki cyuho cyiza giterwa ahanini ningorane zumusaruro mubikorwa byo gukora. Ufatanije nuburyo bwihariye bwo kubyaza umusaruro hamwe nuburyo bukubiye muri peteroli ya kokiya ya peteroli, tekinoroji yibanze yo gukora cyane cyane murwego rwo kwitegura ibikoresho fatizo. Kugeza ubu, Shanxi Hongte Chemical Co, LTD., Sinosteel (Anshan) na Petrochemical ya Jinzhou ni yo imaze kubona umusaruro mwinshi. Ibinyuranye na byo, Jinzhou Petrochemical Company yo gukora no gukora sisitemu ya peteroli ya kokiya ya peteroli irakuze cyane, ubushobozi bwo gutunganya icyo gikoresho burakomeza kunozwa, kandi ibicuruzwa bifitanye isano na byo byakozwe bishobora kugera ku rwego rwo hejuru no hejuru ku isoko, bishobora gukoreshwa mu rwego rwo hejuru -imbaraga cyangwa ultra-high-power-power ikora electrode.
Iii. Isesengura rya peteroli yo mu gihugu isoko rya kokiya
(1) Hamwe no kwihuta kwinganda, icyifuzo cya kokiya y'urushinge kiriyongera buri munsi
Igihugu cyacu nicyo gihugu kinini gitanga inganda ku isi, kikaba ahanini kigenwa nuburyo imiterere yinganda zacu.
Umusaruro w'ibyuma n'ibyuma nawo ni umwe mu nganda zikomeye ziteza imbere ubukungu bwacu. Munsi yibi, ibyifuzo byo gukenera biriyongera buri munsi. Ariko kuri ubu, ubushakashatsi bwa tekinike n'urwego rwiterambere hamwe nubushobozi bwo kubyaza umusaruro ntabwo bihuye nibisabwa ku isoko. Impamvu nyamukuru nuko hariho inganda nke za peteroli yibanda kuri peteroli zishobora rwose gutanga ubuziranenge, kandi ubushobozi bwo kubyaza umusaruro ntibuhamye. Nubwo ibikorwa byikoranabuhanga bijyanye nubushakashatsi nibikorwa byiterambere bigenda bitera imbere muri iki gihe, ariko bifuza guhura nimbaraga nini cyangwa ultra high power grafite electrode kandi hari icyuho kinini, biganisha ku mbogamizi mugucunga ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa byibanda kuri peteroli. Kugeza ubu, isoko rya kokiya yapima urushinge igabanijwemo peteroli ya peteroli ya kokiya na kokiya yapima urushinge. Ibinyuranyo, kokiya yapima urushinge rwa peteroli iri munsi gato ugereranije na kokiya yapima urushinge rwamakara haba mubwinshi bwiterambere ryumushinga cyangwa urwego rwiterambere, iyi nayo ikaba ari imwe mumpamvu nyamukuru zibuza kwaguka kwiza kwa kokiya yipima peteroli. Ariko hamwe nogukomeza kunoza urwego rwikoranabuhanga rukora inganda zinganda zicyuma, umusaruro wibyuma ninganda zikenerwa na ultra-high power grafite electrode iriyongera. Ibi birerekana kandi ko hamwe niterambere ryiterambere ryiterambere ryinganda no kwihutisha gahunda yinganda, icyifuzo cya kokiya y'urushinge kizaba kinini kandi kinini.
(2) Isesengura ryigiciro kireremba cyisoko rya kokiya
Ukurikije urwego rugezemo rw’iterambere ry’inganda no guhindura imiterere y’inganda n’ibirimo mu nganda z’igihugu cyacu, usanga urutonde rwa peteroli yo kunywa inshinge zipima inshinge zikwiranye n’igihugu cyacu kuruta amakara y’amakara y’urushinge, birusheho gukaza umurego mu gihugu ubusumbane hagati yo gutanga no gukenera inzoga zipima inshinge, kugirango dukemure ikibazo cy’ubusumbane hagati y’ibitangwa n’ibisabwa na sisitemu ya peteroli, dushobora kwishingikiriza gusa ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga. Duhereye ku isesengura ry’imihindagurikire y’ibiciro ku bicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga mu myaka yashize, dushobora kubona ko igiciro cy’ibicuruzwa bikomoka kuri peteroli ya peteroli yatumijwe mu mahanga cyazamutse kuva mu 2014. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ku nganda z’imbere mu gihugu, hamwe n’ikinyuranyo cy’ibicuruzwa ndetse n’ibicuruzwa byinjira mu mahanga igiciro, ibikomoka kuri peteroli ya peteroli bizahinduka isoko rishya ry’ishoramari mu nganda za kokiya zo mu Bushinwa [2].
Icya kane, urushinge rwa peteroli rwibanda kubushakashatsi niterambere no gusesengura ingorane zikoranabuhanga
(1) Isesengura ryibikoresho byibanze byo kwitegura
Binyuze mu isesengura ryibikorwa byose byo gukora no gukora ibikomoka kuri peteroli-kokiya, birashobora kugaragara ko, kugirango habeho kwifashisha ibikoresho fatizo, peteroli n’ibikoresho nyamukuru, kubera umwihariko w’umutungo wa peteroli, hagomba kubaho peteroli. yacukuwe mu nsi, hamwe na peteroli ya peteroli mu gihugu cyacu izakoresha catalizator zitandukanye mu gihe cyo gucukura no gutunganya, ku buryo hazaba umubare munini w’umwanda mu bicuruzwa bya peteroli. Ubu buryo bwo kwitegura buzana ingaruka mbi ku musaruro wa peteroli ya kokiya. Byongeye kandi, ibigize peteroli ubwayo ahanini ni hydrocarubone ya alifatique, ibirimo hydrocarubone ya aromatic ni bike, biterwa nibiranga umutungo wa peteroli uhari. Twabibutsa ko umusaruro wa kokiya ya peteroli yujuje ubuziranenge ufite ibisabwa cyane ku bikoresho fatizo, hamwe n’ibice byinshi bya hydrocarubone ya aromatiya, kandi ugahitamo sulfure nkeya, ogisijeni, asfaltene n’ibindi bikomoka kuri peteroli nkibikoresho fatizo, bisaba ko igice kinini ya sulferi iri munsi ya 0.3%, naho igice kinini cya asfaltene kiri munsi ya 1.0%. Icyakora, hashingiwe ku gutahura no gusesengura ibigize umwimerere, usanga amavuta menshi ya peteroli yatunganijwe mu gihugu cyacu ari ay'amavuta menshi ya sulfuru, ndetse no kubura amavuta akwiranye no gukora kokiya y'urushinge hamwe na hydrocarubone nziza cyane. ibirimo. Ningorabahizi ikomeye yo gukuraho umwanda mumavuta. Hagati aho, Jinzhou Petrochemical, ikuze cyane muri R&D no mu nganda muri iki gihe, isaba ibikoresho fatizo bikwiranye no gukora kokiya ishingiye ku nshinge mu gihe cyo gukora no gutunganya kokiya ishingiye kuri peteroli. Ibura ry'ibikoresho fatizo no guhungabana k'ubuziranenge ni kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bigabanya ihame ry'ubuziranenge bwa kokiya ishingiye ku nshinge [3]. Shandong Yida New Material Co., Ltd. yateguye kandi yemeza gutondekanya ibikoresho fatizo kugirango bikore uruganda rukora peteroli ya kokiya.
Muri icyo gihe, hakoreshejwe uburyo butandukanye bwo gukuraho ibintu bikomeye. Usibye guhitamo amavuta aremereye abereye kubyara kokiya, ibintu byangiza mubikoresho fatizo byavanyweho mbere yo kunywa.
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Igikorwa cyo gukora urushinge rwa kokiya iragoye cyane, kandi haribisabwa cyane kugenzura ihindagurika ryubushyuhe bwibidukikije hamwe nigitutu cyogukora muburyo bwihariye bwo gutunganya. Nimwe mu ngorane mugikorwa cyo gusya kokushingura urushinge niba umuvuduko, igihe nubushyuhe bwa kokiya bishobora kugenzurwa muburyo bwa siyansi kandi bushyize mu gaciro, kugirango igihe cyo kubyitwaramo cyuzuze ibisabwa bisanzwe. Muri icyo gihe, uburyo bwiza bwo guhindura no guhindura ibipimo ngenderwaho bya kokiya hamwe n’ibipimo ngenderwaho byihariye bishobora no kugira uruhare runini mu kuzamura no kuzamura ireme ry’umusaruro wose wa kokiya.
Intego nyamukuru yo gukoresha itanura ryo gushyushya ibikorwa byo guhindura ubushyuhe ni ugukora ibikorwa bisanzwe bikurikije ibipimo ngenderwaho mugikorwa cyo kubyara kokiya inshinge kugirango ubushyuhe bwibidukikije bushobore kugera kubipimo bisabwa. Mubyukuri, inzira yimihindagurikire yubushyuhe nugutezimbere reaction ya kokiya irashobora gukorwa mugihe cyubushyuhe buhoro kandi buke mugihe bidindiza reaction ya kokiya, kugirango tugere kumatungo wa aromatiya, urebe neza ko gahunda ya molekile itunganijwe, kugirango barebe ko ishobora kwerekezwa no gushimangirwa nigikorwa cyigitutu, no guteza imbere umutekano wigihugu. Itanura ryo gushyushya nigikorwa cyingenzi mubikorwa byose byokubyara peteroli ya kokiya ya peteroli, kandi haribisabwa hamwe nibipimo byerekana ibipimo by'ubushyuhe bwihariye, bidashobora kuba munsi yumupaka wa 476 ℃ kandi ntibishobora kurenga urugero rwo hejuru rwa 500 ℃. Muri icyo gihe, twakagombye kumenya ko itanura ryubushyuhe buhinduka nibikoresho binini nibikoresho, dukwiye kwitondera uburinganire bwa buri munara wa kokiya y'urushinge: buri munara mugikorwa cyo kugaburira, bitewe n'ubushyuhe , umuvuduko, umuvuduko wikirere nibindi bintu byahinduwe, umunara wa kokiya nyuma ya kokiya ntago uringaniye, hagati no hasi. Nigute wakemura neza ikibazo cyuburinganire bwa coke yinshinge nimwe mubibazo bigomba kwitabwaho mugukora kokiya y'urushinge.
5. Gusesengura icyerekezo cyiterambere kizaza cya peteroli ya kokiya
(a) Guteza imbere guhora tunoza ubwiza bwa sisitemu yo muri peteroli yo murugo
Ikoranabuhanga nisoko ryibanda ku nshinge byiganjemo Amerika n'Ubuyapani. Kugeza ubu, mu musaruro nyirizina wa kokiya y'urushinge mu Bushinwa, haracyari ibibazo bimwe na bimwe, nk'ubuziranenge budahungabana, imbaraga za kokiya nkeya hamwe na kokiya nyinshi. Nubwo kokiya y'urushinge yakozwe yakoreshejwe mugukora ingufu za electrode nini cyane na ultra-high-power-grafite electrode nyinshi, ntishobora gukoreshwa mugukora amashanyarazi manini ya diametre ultra-power-grafite electrode nyinshi. Mu myaka yashize, ubushakashatsi niterambere ryibanze byinshinge ntabwo byahagaze, kandi ubwiza bwibicuruzwa buzakomeza gutera imbere. Shanxi Hongte Coal Chemical Co, LTD., Sinosteel Amakara yapima urushinge rwa kokiya, Jinzhou Petrochemical Co, LTD. Ibice bya peteroli ya kokiya yageze kuri toni 40.000-50.000 / yumwaka, kandi birashobora kugenda neza, bigahora bizamura ubwiza.
(2) Imbere mu gihugu kuri peteroli ya urushinge rwa peteroli ikomeje kwiyongera
Iterambere ryinganda zicyuma nicyuma bisaba umubare munini wa electrode nini cyane na electrode nyinshi. Ni muri urwo rwego, icyifuzo cya kokiya y'urushinge kuri electrode nini cyane kandi itanga ingufu za electrode nyinshi kiriyongera cyane, ugereranije na toni 250.000 ku mwaka. Umusaruro w'icyuma cy'itanura ry'amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa nturi munsi ya 10%, kandi impuzandengo y'isi yose ku bicuruzwa by'itanura ry'amashanyarazi bigeze kuri 30%. Ibisigazwa byibyuma byacu bigeze kuri toni miliyoni 160. Ukurikije uko ibintu bimeze muri iki gihe kirekire, iterambere ry’ibyuma by’itanura ry’amashanyarazi byanze bikunze, kubura itangwa rya kokiya inshinge byanze bikunze. Niyo mpamvu, hagomba gufatwa ingamba zo kongera isoko y’ibikoresho fatizo no kunoza uburyo bwo gukora kugira ngo umusaruro ukenewe.
(3) Kwiyongera kw'ibikenewe ku isoko biteza imbere urwego rw'ikoranabuhanga R&D mu gihugu
Ikinyuranyo mubyiza no kwiyongera kubikenerwa byinshinge-isaba bisaba kwihuta mugutezimbere urushinge. Mugihe cyo gutezimbere no gutanga inshinge-nshinge, abashakashatsi barushijeho kumenya ingorane zo kubyara urushinge, kongera imbaraga mubushakashatsi, no kubaka ibikoresho bito n'ibizamini kugirango babone amakuru yubushakashatsi kugirango bayobore umusaruro. Tekinoroji yo gutunganya urushinge rwa kokiya ihora itezwa imbere kugirango ishobore kwiyongera. Urebye ibikoresho fatizo nuburyo bwo gukora, ibura rya peteroli kwisi hamwe nubwiyongere bwa sulferi bigabanya iterambere rya sisitemu ya peteroli ya kokiya. Uruganda rushya rwibanze rwo gutunganya inganda zikomoka kuri peteroli ya kokiya yubatswe yubatswe rushyirwa mu bikorwa muri Shandong Yida New Material Co., LTD. ubuziranenge nibisohoka byamavuta yuruhererekane rwa kokiya.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-07-2022