Kokiya ya peteroli nigicuruzwa cyaka cyane cyakuwe mubisigazwa bya peteroli na asfalt ya peteroli ukoresheje kokiya. Ibara ni umukara kandi ryoroshye, ikintu nyamukuru ni karubone, kandi ivu riri hasi cyane, muri rusange munsi ya 0.5%. Kokiya ya peteroli ni ubwoko bworoshye bwa karubone, kokiya ya peteroli ifite uburyo bwinshi bwo gukoresha mu nganda z’imiti, metallurgie no mu zindi nganda, kandi ni ibikoresho fatizo bikenerwa mu gukora ibicuruzwa biva mu bwoko bwa grafite n’ibicuruzwa bya karuboni ya electrolytike.
Ukurikije ubushyuhe bwo kuvura ubushyuhe, kokiya ya peteroli irashobora kugabanywamo amoko abiri: kokiya mbisi na kokiya ibarwa. Kokiya ya peteroli yahoze iboneka mubukererwe bwa kokiya irimo ibintu byinshi bihindagurika kandi bifite imbaraga nke za mashini. Kokiya ibarwa iboneka mukubara. Inganda nyinshi mu Bushinwa zitanga kokiya mbisi gusa, kandi ibikorwa byinshi byo kubara bikorerwa mu bimera bya karubone.
Kokiya ya peteroli irashobora kugabanywamo kokiya nyinshi ya sulfure (irimo sulfure zirenga 1.5%), kokiya yo hagati ya sulfure (irimo 0.5% -1.5% sulfure), hamwe na kokiya ya sulfure nkeya (irimo munsi ya 0.5% sulfure) ubwoko butatu, electrode ya grafite nibindi bicuruzwa bya grafitike bisanzwe bikoresha umusaruro muke wa kokusi.
Kokiya y'urushinge ni ubwoko bwa kokiya yo mu rwego rwohejuru ifite imiterere ya fibrous igaragara, cyane cyane coefficente yo kwagura ubushyuhe buke no gushushanya byoroshye. Iyo kokiya yamenetse, irashobora kugabanywamo uduce duto duto dukurikije imiterere (igipimo cya aspect kiri hejuru ya 1.75), kandi imiterere ya fibrous anisotropique irashobora kugaragara munsi ya microscope yumucyo, bityo ikitwa inshinge ya kokiya.
Anisotropy yumubiri nubukanishi ya coke yinshinge iragaragara cyane, kandi ifite amashanyarazi meza nubushyuhe bwumuriro ugereranije na axe ndende yibice, kandi coefficente yo kwagura ubushyuhe iri hasi. Mugihe cyo gushushanya, umurongo muremure wibice byinshi bitunganijwe ukurikije icyerekezo cyo gusohora. Kubwibyo, inshinge ya kokiya ningingo yingenzi yibikoresho byo gukora amashanyarazi akomeye cyangwa ultra-power-grafite electrode ya electrode, ifite imbaraga nke, coefficient ntoya yo kwagura ubushyuhe hamwe no guhangana nubushyuhe bwiza.
Kokiya y'urushinge igabanyijemo kokiya y'urushinge rwa peteroli ikomoka ku bisigazwa bya peteroli hamwe na kokiya y'urushinge rw'amakara ikomoka kuri asfalt yatunganijwe neza.
Ikara ry'amakara ni kimwe mu bicuruzwa nyamukuru byo gutunganya amakara yimbitse. Ni uruvange rwa hydrocarbone zitandukanye, umukara mwinshi wijimye wijimye cyangwa ukomeye ku bushyuhe bwicyumba, udafite aho uhurira, woroshye nyuma yubushyuhe, hanyuma ugashonga, hamwe nubucucike bwa 1.25-1.35g / cm3. Ukurikije aho yoroshya igabanijwemo ubushyuhe buke, buringaniye n'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru asfalt ubwoko butatu. Umusaruro wubushyuhe bwo hagati ya asfalt ni 54-56% yumuriro wamakara. Ibigize ikibanza cyamakara biragoye cyane, bifitanye isano numutungo wamakara hamwe nibiri muri heteroatom, kandi binagira ingaruka kuri sisitemu yo gutunganya kokiya hamwe nuburyo bwo gutunganya amakara. Hariho ibimenyetso byinshi biranga imiterere yikibanza cyamakara, nkibintu byoroshya asifalt, toluene idashonga (TI), quinoline idashobora gushonga (QI), agaciro kokiya nibiranga rheologiya yikibanza cyamakara.
Ikara ry'amakara rikoreshwa nk'ibikoresho byo guteranya no gutera akabariro mu nganda za karubone, kandi imitungo yacyo igira uruhare runini mu gutunganya umusaruro no ku bicuruzwa byiza bya karubone. Binder asfalt ikoresha ubushuhe buringaniye cyangwa ubushyuhe buringaniye bwahinduwe asfalt hamwe nokworoshya kuringaniza, agaciro kokisi nyinshi hamwe na beta resin nyinshi, kandi umukozi wo gutera akabariro agomba gukoresha asifalt yubushyuhe bwo hagati hamwe no koroshya hasi, QI nkeya na rheologiya nziza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-07-2025