Isano iri hagati yumubiri nu miti ya grafite electrode no gukoresha itanura ryamashanyarazi

Amashanyarazi arc itanura ryibyuma bishingiyeelectrodekubyara arcs, kugirango ingufu z'amashanyarazi zishobore guhinduka ingufu zubushyuhe muri arc, gushonga umutwaro witanura no gukuraho umwanda nka sulfure na fosifore, wongeyeho ibintu nkenerwa (nka karubone, nikel, manganese, nibindi) kugirango ushongeshe ibyuma cyangwa ibivanze nibintu bitandukanye. Gushyushya ingufu z'amashanyarazi birashobora kugenzura neza ubushyuhe bwitanura kandi bigatanga imyuka yubushyuhe buke. Ubushyuhe bwo gukora itanura rya arc ibyuma birarenze ibyo guhindura.

Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga rifite amateka yimyaka 100 mugukora ibyuma bya EAF, nubwo ubundi buryo burigihe buhura ningorane zo gukora ibyuma no guhatana, cyane cyane ingaruka zikomeye zo gukora ibyuma bya ogisijeni, ariko igipimo cyumusaruro wibyuma byo gukora ibyuma bya EAF mubyuma byisi biracyiyongera uko umwaka utashye. Mu ntangiriro ya za 90, ibyuma byakozwe na EAF ku isi byagize 1/3 cy'umusaruro wose w'ibyuma. Mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe, EAF yari ikoranabuhanga rikuru ryo gukora ibyuma mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe, kandi igipimo cy’ibyuma byakozwe na EAF gushonga cyari hejuru ya 70% ugereranije n’Ubutaliyani.

Mu myaka ya za 1980, ryamamaye cyane mu musaruro wibyuma bya EAF mugukomeza guhora, hanyuma buhoro buhoro hashyirwaho "uburyo bwo kuzigama ingufu zumuriro wogukongeza amashanyarazi yumuriro wa elegitoronike uhumura neza ugahora uzunguruka, itanura rya arc rikoreshwa cyane cyane mubikoresho byihuta nkibikoresho fatizo byo gukora ibyuma. Kugirango tuneshe byimazeyo ingufu zidasanzwe za arc arc itanura ryumuriro hamwe nubushakashatsi bukabije bwumuriro wa DC. hanyuma ushyire mubikorwa byinganda mu kinyejana cya mberehagati ya za 90, itanura rya DC arc ukoresheje umuzi 1 gusa wa grafite ya electrode ya grafite yakoreshejwe henshi kwisi muri 90 (2 hamwe na electrode ya electrode ya DC arc itanura).

Mugabanye cyane ikoreshwa rya electrode ya grafite ninyungu nini y itanura rya DC arc, mbere yimyaka ya za 70, itanura rya AC arc kuri toni yo gukoresha ibyuma bya electrode ya grafite muri 5 ~ 8kg, ibiciro bya electrode ya grafite byinjije 10% byigiciro cyose cyicyuma kugeza kuri 15%, nubwo byafashwe ingamba nyinshi, kuburyo gukoresha amashanyarazi ya grafite yagabanutse kugera kuri 4 6%, buryo, electrode yak yagabanutse kugera kuri 2 ~ 3k.g / T ibyuma, itanura rya DC arc ikoresha electrode 1 gusa ya grafite, ikoreshwa rya electrode ya grafite irashobora kugabanuka kugera kuri 1.5kg / T munsi.

Byombi nibitekerezo byerekana ko ikoreshwa rimwe rya electrode ya grafite ishobora kugabanukaho 40% kugeza kuri 60% ugereranije nitanura rya AC arc.