Ibikoresho-bibiri, nka graphene, birashimishije kubintu bisanzwe bisanzwe bikoreshwa na semiconductor hamwe nibisabwa kuvuka muri electronics yoroheje. Nyamara, imbaraga nyinshi za graphene zitera kuvunika kumurongo muke, bigatuma bigorana gukoresha ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bidasanzwe muri electronique irambuye. Kugirango dushoboze gukora neza-biterwa nimikorere ya graphene ibonerana, twashizeho graphene nanoscrolls hagati ya graphene yegeranye, byitwa imizingo myinshi ya graphene / imizingo ya graphene (MGGs). Mugihe kitoroshye, imizingo imwe yatandukanije domaine ya graphene yacitsemo ibice kugirango ikomeze umuyoboro wa percolating watumaga ibintu byiza cyane bigenda neza. Trilayer MGGs ishyigikiwe na elastomers yagumanye 65% yimyitwarire yumwimerere ku gipimo cya 100%, kikaba kinyuranye nicyerekezo cyerekezo cyubu, mugihe firime trilayer ya graphene idafite nanoscrolls yagumanye 25% gusa yimyitwarire yabo. Ikirambuye kirambuye- carbone transistor yahimbwe ikoresheje MGGs nka electrode yerekanaga kohereza> 90% kandi ikagumana 60% yumusaruro wambere wambere kuri 120% (ugereranije nicyerekezo cyo gutwara ibicuruzwa). Izi ndende zirambuye kandi zibonerana zose za karubone tristoriste zishobora gutuma optoelectronics irambuye.
Inzira ya elegitoroniki irambuye ni umurima ukura ufite porogaramu zingenzi muri sisitemu igezweho ya biointegrated (1, 2) kimwe nubushobozi bwo guhuza hamwe na optoelectronics irambuye (3, 4) kugirango ikore robotike yoroheje kandi yerekana. Graphene yerekana ibintu byifuzwa cyane byubugari bwa atome, gukorera mu mucyo mwinshi, no gutwara neza, ariko ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryayo rirambuye ryabujijwe n’ubushake bwo gucamo ibice bito. Kunesha imipaka ya graphene ishobora gukora imikorere mishya mubikoresho birambuye.
Imiterere yihariye ya graphene ituma iba umukandida ukomeye kubisekuruza bizaza bya electrode ikora neza (5, 6). Ugereranije nuyobora cyane mu mucyo, indium tin oxyde [ITO; 100 ohms / kare (sq) kuri 90% mucyo], monolayer graphene ihingwa nubumara bwimyuka mvaruganda (CVD) ifite ihuriro risa ryurwanya impapuro (125 ohms / sq) no gukorera mu mucyo (97.4%) (5). Mubyongeyeho, firime ya graphene ifite ihinduka ridasanzwe ugereranije na ITO (7). Kurugero, kuri substrate ya plastike, imyitwarire yayo irashobora kugumana no kuri radiyo yunamye ya curvature ntoya nka 0.8 mm (8). Kugirango turusheho kunoza imikorere yumuriro wamashanyarazi nkumuyoboro woroheje uhindagurika, imirimo yabanjirije iyi yateje imbere ibikoresho bya graphene bivanga hamwe na nanowire ya feza imwe (1D) ya silver cyangwa carbone nanotube (CNTs) (9-11). Byongeye kandi, graphene yakoreshejwe nka electrode ya semiconductor ivanze ya heterostructural (nka 2D bulk Si, 1D nanowires / nanotubes, na utudomo twa 0D) (12), tristoriste yoroheje, selile izuba, na diode itanga urumuri (LED) (13) –23).
Nubwo graphene yerekanye ibisubizo bitanga icyuma cya elegitoroniki yoroheje, ikoreshwa ryayo muri elegitoroniki irambuye yagabanijwe nubukanishi bwayo (17, 24, 25); graphene ifite indege ikomeye muri 340 N / m hamwe na Modulus ya Young ya 0.5 TPa (26). Umuyoboro ukomeye wa karubone-karubone ntabwo utanga uburyo ubwo aribwo bwose bwo gukwirakwiza ingufu bityo bigahita bivunika munsi ya 5%. Kurugero, CVD graphene yimuriwe kuri polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate ya elastike irashobora gukomeza gusa imbaraga zayo munsi ya 6% (8). Ibiharuro byerekana ko guhuzagurika no guhuza ibice bitandukanye bigomba kugabanya cyane gukomera (26). Mugushira graphene mubice byinshi, haravugwa ko iyi graphene ya bi- cyangwa trilayer ishobora kuramburwa kugeza 30%, ikerekana impinduka zo guhangana ninshuro 13 ugereranije na monolayeri graphene (27). Nyamara, uku kurambura kuracyari hasi cyane kurwego rwa kijyambere rurambuye c onductors (28, 29).
Transistors ningirakamaro mubisabwa birambuye kuko bifasha sensor igoye gusoma no gusesengura ibimenyetso (30, 31). Transistors kuri PDMS hamwe na graphene ya graphene nyinshi nkisoko / imiyoboro ya electrode hamwe nibikoresho byumuyoboro birashobora gukomeza imikorere yamashanyarazi kugeza kuri 5% (32), ibyo bikaba biri munsi yibiciro byibuze bisabwa (~ 50%) kubikoresho byambara bikurikirana bikurikirana ubuzima hamwe nuruhu rwa elegitoronike ( 33, 34). Vuba aha, ubushakashatsi bwa graphene kirigami bwarasuzumwe, kandi transistor yomekwa na electrolyte yamazi irashobora kuramburwa kugera kuri 240% (35). Nyamara, ubu buryo busaba graphene yahagaritswe, igora inzira yo guhimba.
Hano, tugera kubikoresho bya graphene birambuye cyane muguhuza imizingo ya graphene (~ 1 kugeza 20 mkm z'uburebure, ~ 0.1 kugeza kuri 1 mm z'ubugari, na ~ 10 kugeza 100 nm z'uburebure) hagati ya graphene. Turakekeranya ko iyi mizingo ya graphene ishobora gutanga inzira ziyobora kugirango zivemo ibice byamabati ya graphene, bityo bikomeze bitwara neza cyane. Imizingo ya graphene ntabwo isaba synthesis cyangwa inzira; zisanzwe zikora mugihe cyo kwimura amazi. Dukoresheje imizingo myinshi ya G / G (graphene / graphene) imizingo (MGGs) graphene irambuye electrode (isoko / imiyoboro n'irembo) hamwe na CNTs ya semiconducting, twashoboye kwerekana transistoriste ikorera mu mucyo kandi irambuye cyane, ishobora kwerekanwa kuri 120 % amananiza (ugereranije nicyerekezo cyo gutwara ibintu) kandi ugumane 60% yumusaruro wambere wambere. Ubu ni bwo buryo burambuye cyane bwa karubone bushingiye kuri transistor kugeza ubu, kandi butanga amashanyarazi ahagije yo gutwara LED idasanzwe.
Kugirango ushoboze ahantu hanini mu mucyo urambuye graphene electrode, twahisemo CVD-yakuze graphene kuri Cu foil. Cu foil yahagaritswe hagati yumuyoboro wa CVD quartz kugirango ikure ya graphene kumpande zombi, ikora G / Cu / G. Kugira ngo twimure graphene, twabanje kuzunguruka-duke cyane ya poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) kugirango turinde uruhande rumwe rwa graphene, twise graphene yo hejuru (ibinyuranye kurundi ruhande rwa graphene), hanyuma, hanyuma, hanyuma firime yose (PMMA / top graphene / Cu / graphene yo hepfo) yashizwemo (NH4) 2S2O8 igisubizo kugirango ucyure Cu foil. Graphene yo hepfo-itagira igifuniko cya PMMA nta kabuza izagira uduce nudusembwa twemerera intanga kwinjira (36, 37). Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 1A, bitewe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru, domeni ya graphene yasohotse yazindukiye mu muzingo hanyuma ihita ifatirwa kuri firime isigaye ya G-PMMA. Imizingo yo hejuru-G / G irashobora kwimurwa kuri substrate iyariyo yose, nka SiO2 / Si, ikirahure, cyangwa polymer yoroshye. Gusubiramo iyi transfert inshuro nyinshi kuri substrate imwe itanga MGG imiterere.
(A) Igishushanyo mbonera cyerekana uburyo bwo guhimba MGGs nka electrode irambuye. Mugihe cyo kwimura graphene, graphene yinyuma kuri Cu foil yavunitse kumupaka nudusembwa, izunguruka muburyo butemewe, hanyuma ifatirwa cyane kuri firime yo hejuru, ikora nanoscrolls. Ikarito ya kane yerekana imiterere ya MGG. . Kwinjiza (B) nigishusho cyo hasi-cyerekana ishusho yerekana morphologie rusange ya monolayeri MGGs kuri gride ya TEM. Kwinjiza (C) nuburemere bwimyirondoro yafashwe kumasanduku yurukiramende yerekanwe mwishusho, aho intera iri hagati yindege za atome ari 0.34 na 0.41 nm. . (E) Igice cya AFM ishusho ya monolayeri G / G imizingo ifite uburebure buringaniye kumurongo utudomo. . Imizingo ihagarariye hamwe n'iminkanyari byashyizweho ikimenyetso kugirango bagaragaze itandukaniro ryabo.
Kugirango tumenye neza ko imizingo yazengurutswe na graphene muri kamere, twakoze ubushakashatsi buhanitse bwohereza amashanyarazi microscopi (TEM) hamwe no gutakaza ingufu za electron (EEL) spekitroscopi yubushakashatsi kuri monolayeri top-G / G. Igishushanyo 1B cyerekana imiterere ya mpandeshatu ya graphene ya monolayeri, kandi inset ni morphologie rusange ya firime itwikiriye umwobo umwe wa karubone ya gride ya TEM. Monolayer graphene izenguruka igice kinini cya gride, hamwe na graphene zimwe zihari imbere yibirindiro byinshi byimpeta esheshatu (Ishusho 1B). Mugihe cyo guhinduranya umuzingo kugiti cye (Igishusho 1C), twabonye ubwinshi bwa graphene lattice, hamwe na lattice iri hagati ya 0.34 na 0.41 nm. Ibi bipimo byerekana ko flake yazinduwe ku bushake kandi ntabwo ari grafite itunganijwe neza, ifite intera iri hagati ya 0.34 nm muri "ABAB". Igishushanyo 1D cyerekana karubone K-edge EEL igaragara, aho impinga ya 285 eV ikomoka kuri π * orbital naho indi igera kuri 290 eV biterwa ninzibacyuho ya σ * orbital. Birashobora kugaragara ko guhuza sp2 byiganje muriyi miterere, kugenzura ko imizingo ishushanya cyane.
Microscopi optique hamwe na microscopi yingufu za atome (AFM) itanga ubushishozi mugukwirakwiza graphene nanoscrolls muri MGGs (Ishusho 1, E kugeza G, nimbuto S1 na S2). Imizingo ikwirakwizwa ku buryo butunguranye hejuru, kandi ubwinshi bw -indege bwayo bwiyongera ugereranije numubare wububiko. Imizingo myinshi ihujwe mumapfundo kandi yerekana uburebure butari bumwe hagati ya 10 na 100 nm. Bafite uburebure bwa 1 kugeza kuri 20 na 0.1 kugeza kuri 1 mm z'ubugari, bitewe nubunini bwa graphene yabo ya mbere. Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo 1 (H na I), imizingo ifite ubunini bunini cyane kuruta iminkanyari, biganisha ku ntera ikaze hagati ya graphene.
Kugirango dupime imiterere y'amashanyarazi, twashushanyije firime ya graphene ifite cyangwa idafite imiterere yimizingo hamwe na layer yegeranye muri 300-μm z'ubugari na 2000-μm z'uburebure dukoresheje Photolithography. Kurwanya-probe ebyiri nkibikorwa byingutu byapimwe mubihe bidukikije. Kuba hari imizingo byagabanije kurwanya graphene ya monolayeri 80% hamwe no kugabanuka kwa 2,2% gusa (trans. S4). Ibi biremeza ko nanoscrolls, ifite umuvuduko mwinshi kugeza kuri 5 × 107 A / cm2 (38, 39), itanga umusanzu mwiza w'amashanyarazi muri MGGs. Muri mono-, bi-, na trilayer graphene isanzwe na MGGs, trilayer MGG ifite imyitwarire myiza hamwe na mucyo hafi 90%. Kugira ngo tugereranye n’andi masoko ya graphene yavuzwe mu bitabo, twapimye kandi impapuro enye zirwanya impapuro (ishusho ya S5) maze tubashyira ku rutonde nk'igikorwa cyo kohereza kuri 550 nm (ishusho S6) ku gishushanyo cya 2A. MGG yerekana uburyo bugereranijwe cyangwa burenze ubwisanzure no gukorera mu mucyo kuruta guhimba ibihimbano bya multila yer isanzwe ya graphene no kugabanya okiside ya graphene (RGO) (6, 8, 18). Menya ko urupapuro rwerekana imiterere ya graphene isanzwe igizwe nubuvanganzo burenze gato ugereranije na MGG yacu, birashoboka kuberako imikurire yabo idakoreshwa hamwe nuburyo bwo kwimura.
. uruziga rutukura na mpandeshatu z'ubururu bihuye na graphene isanzwe ya graphene ikura kuri Cu na Ni bivuye mubushakashatsi bwa Li n'abandi. (6) na Kim n'abandi. (8), kimwe, hanyuma byimurirwa kuri SiO2 / Si cyangwa quartz; na mpandeshatu z'icyatsi ni indangagaciro za RGO ku ntera zitandukanye zigabanya ubushakashatsi bwa Bonaccorso n'abandi. (18). . . . . Inet ni imiterere ya capacitor, aho polymer substrate ari SEBS naho polymer dielectric layer ni 2-μm-umubyimba wa SEBS.
Kugirango dusuzume imikorere iterwa na MGG, twimuye graphene kuri thermoplastique elastomer styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene (SEBS) insimburangingo (~ cm 2 z'ubugari na cm 5 z'uburebure), kandi uburemere bwapimwe nkuko substrate yarambuye (reba Ibikoresho nuburyo) byombi perpendicular kandi bigereranywa nicyerekezo cyubu (Ishusho 2, B na C). Imyitwarire ishingiye kumashanyarazi iterwa no kwinjiza nanoscrolls no kongera umubare wa graphene. Kurugero, iyo amananiza ari perpendicular kumugezi wubu, kuri monolayer graphene, kongeramo imizingo byongereye imbaraga kumeneka yamashanyarazi kuva 5 kugeza 70%. Kwihanganira imbaraga za trilayer graphene nabyo byateye imbere cyane ugereranije na monolayer graphene. Hamwe na nanoscrolls, kumurongo wa 100% perpendicular, kurwanya imiterere ya trilayer MGG byiyongereyeho 50% gusa, ugereranije na 300% kuri graphene ya trilayeri idafite imizingo. Impinduka zo guhangana na cyclic strain umutwaro ing zarakozweho iperereza. Kugereranya (Igicapo 2D), kurwanya firime ya graphene isanzwe ya bilayeri yiyongereyeho inshuro 7.5 nyuma yizunguruka ~ 700 kuri 50% ya perpendicular kandi ikomeza kwiyongera hamwe ningutu muri buri cyiciro. Kurundi ruhande, guhangana kwa bilayeri MGG byiyongereyeho inshuro 2,5 gusa nyuma yizunguruka ~ 700. Ukoresheje umurongo ugera kuri 90% ukurikije icyerekezo kibangikanye, guhangana na trilayer graphene byiyongereye ~ inshuro 100 nyuma yizunguruka 1000, mugihe ari ~ 8 gusa muri trilayer MGG (Ishusho 2E). Ibisubizo byamagare byerekanwe mugitabo. S7. Ubwiyongere bwihuse bwokwirwanaho bujyanye nicyerekezo kibangikanye ni ukubera ko icyerekezo cyibice ari perpendicular ku cyerekezo cyimigezi. Gutandukana kwurwanya mugihe cyo gupakira no gupakurura biterwa no gukira kwa viscoelastic ya SEBS elastomer substrate. Kurwanya imbaraga zihamye zumurongo wa MGG mugihe cyamagare biterwa no kuba hariho imizingo minini ishobora guhuza ibice byacitse bya graphene (nkuko obse yatunganijwe na AFM), bifasha gukomeza inzira ya percolat. Iki kintu cyo gukomeza gutwara inzira n'inzira ya percolating byavuzwe mbere kubijyanye na firime yamenetse cyangwa semiconductor ya firime kuri elastomer (40, 41).
Kugirango dusuzume ama firime ashingiye kuri graphene nka electrode y amarembo mubikoresho birambuye, twatwikiriye igicapo cya graphene hamwe na SEBS ya dielectric ya SEBS (umubyimba wa mm 2) kandi dukurikirana ihinduka rya capacitance ya dielectric nkigikorwa cyingutu (reba Ishusho 2F hamwe nibikoresho byiyongera kuri ibisobanuro). Twabonye ko ubushobozi bwa monolayeri isanzwe na bilayeri graphene electrode yagabanutse vuba kubera gutakaza ubushobozi bwindege ya graphene. Ibinyuranye, ubushobozi bwerekanwe na MGGs hamwe na graphene ya trilayeri isanzwe yerekanaga kwiyongera k'ubushobozi hamwe n'umuvuduko, bikaba biteganijwe kubera kugabanuka k'ubugari bwa dielectric hamwe n'umuvuduko. Ubwiyongere buteganijwe kwiyongera mubushobozi bwahujwe neza nuburyo bwa MGG (igishusho S8). Ibi byerekana ko MGG ibereye nka irembo rya electrode ya tristoriste irambuye.
Kugira ngo turusheho gukora iperereza ku ruhare rw'umuzingo wa 1D graphene ku kwihanganira imbaraga z'amashanyarazi no kurushaho kugenzura itandukaniro riri hagati ya graphene, twakoresheje CNT isize spray kugirango dusimbuze imizingo ya graphene (reba Ibikoresho by'inyongera). Kwigana imiterere ya MGG, twabitsemo ubucucike butatu bwa CNT (ni ukuvuga CNT1
(A kugeza C) AFM amashusho yubucucike butatu bwa CNT (CNT1
Kugirango turusheho gusobanukirwa nubushobozi bwabo nka electrode ya elegitoroniki irambuye, twakoze iperereza kuri morphologie ya MGG na G-CNT-G mubibazo. Microscopi optique hamwe na scanning electron microscopi (SEM) ntabwo aribwo buryo bwiza bwo kuranga kuko byombi bidafite itandukaniro ryamabara kandi SEM ikorerwa ibihangano byamashusho mugihe cyo gusikana electron mugihe graphene iri kumurongo wa polymer (fig. S9 na S10). Kugirango turebe neza kuri graphene hejuru yikibazo, twakusanyije ibipimo bya AFM kuri trilayer MGGs na graphene isanzwe nyuma yo kwimurira kuri thin (~ 0.1 mm z'ubugari) hamwe na SEBS ya elastike. Kubera ubusembwa bwimbere muri CVD graphene no kwangirika kwinyuma mugihe cyo kwimura, byanze bikunze havuka ibice kuri graphene, kandi hamwe n’ubwiyongere bukabije, ibice byabaye byinshi (Ishusho 4, A kugeza D). Ukurikije imiterere yububiko bwa electrode ishingiye kuri karubone, ibice byerekana morphologie zitandukanye (igishusho S11) (27). Ubucucike bw'ahantu hacye (hasobanurwa nk'ahantu hacyeye / hasesenguwe) ya graphene nyinshi ni munsi ya graphene ya monolayeri nyuma yo kunanirwa, ibyo bikaba bihuye no kwiyongera k'umuriro w'amashanyarazi kuri MGGs. Kurundi ruhande, imizingo ikunze kugaragara kugirango ihagarike ibice, itanga izindi nzira ziyobora muri firime itoroshye. Kurugero, nkuko byanditswe mwishusho ya 4B, umuzingo mugari wambutse hejuru yikigina muri trilayer MGG, ariko nta muzingo wagaragaye muri graphene isanzwe (Ishusho 4, E kugeza H). Mu buryo nk'ubwo, CNT nazo zashizeho ikiraro muri graphene (igishusho S11). Ubucucike bw'ahantu hacucitse, ubunini bw'ahantu hazenguruka, hamwe n'ubukonje bwa firime byavuzwe mu gishushanyo cya 4K.
. %. Uhagarariye ibice n'imizingo byerekanwe hamwe n'imyambi. Amashusho yose ya AFM ari mukarere ka 15 mm × 15 μ m, ukoresheje ibara rimwe ryamabara nkuko byanditse. (I) Kwigana geometrie ya monolayeri graphene electrode ishushanyije kuri SEBS substrate. . .
Iyo firime ya MGG irambuye, hari uburyo bwingenzi bwinyongera imizingo ishobora guhuza uturere twa graphene yacitse, ikomeza umuyoboro wa percolating. Imizingo ya graphene iratanga ikizere kuko irashobora kuba micrometero icumi z'uburebure bityo ikaba ishobora gutandukanya ibice bisanzwe bigera kuri micrometero. Byongeye kandi, kubera ko imizingo igizwe nabantu benshi ba graphene, biteganijwe ko bafite imbaraga nke. Mugereranije, ugereranije cyane (transmitance yo hasi) imiyoboro ya CNT irasabwa gutanga ubushobozi bwo kugereranya ikiraro cyoguhuza, kuko CNT ari nto (mubisanzwe micrometero nkeya muburebure) kandi ntigikora neza kuruta imizingo. Kurundi ruhande, nkuko bigaragara mumitini. S12, mugihe graphene yamenetse mugihe cyo kurambura kugirango ihuze ibibazo, imizingo ntisenyuka, byerekana ko iyanyuma ishobora kunyerera kuri graphene iri munsi. Impamvu idacika birashoboka bitewe nuburyo buzengurutswe, bugizwe nibice byinshi bya graphene (~ 1 kugeza 2 0 μ mm z'uburebure, ~ 0.1 kugeza kuri 1 mm z'ubugari, na ~ 10 kugeza 100 nm z'uburebure), bifite modulus nziza cyane kuruta graphene imwe. Nkuko twabitangarijwe na Green na Hersam (42), imiyoboro ya CNT yumuringa (diameter ya tube ya 1.0 nm) irashobora kugera kumpapuro nkeya <100 ohms / sq nubwo ihuriro rinini hagati ya CNTs. Urebye ko imizingo yacu ya graphene ifite ubugari bwa 0.1 kugeza kuri 1 mm kandi ko imizingo ya G / G ifite ahantu hanini ho guhurira kuruta CNTs, kurwanya aho uhurira no guhuza imiyoboro ya graphene na graphene ntibigomba kuba imbogamizi kugirango bikomeze neza.
Graphene ifite modulus irenze iyo SEBS substrate. Nubwo umubyimba mwiza wa electrode ya graphene uri hasi cyane ugereranije na substrate, ubukana bwinshuro ya graphene ubunini bwabwo bugereranywa nubwa substrate (43, 44), bikavamo ingaruka zidasanzwe-zirwa. Twagereranije guhindura imiterere ya graphene ya 1-nm kuri substrate ya SEBS (reba Ibikoresho by'inyongera kubisobanuro birambuye). Ukurikije ibisubizo byikigereranyo, iyo 20% byashyizwe kumurongo wa SEBS hanze, impuzandengo ya graphene ni ~ 6,6% (Igishusho 4J nishusho S13D), ibyo bikaba bihuye nubushakashatsi bwakozwe (reba ishusho S13) . Twagereranije umurego muri graphene ishushanyije hamwe na substrate uturere dukoresheje microscopi optique dusanga umutwaro mukarere ka substrate wikubye byibuze inshuro ebyiri mukarere ka graphene. Ibi byerekana ko imbaraga zikoreshwa muburyo bwa graphene electrode zishobora gufungwa cyane, bigakora ibirwa bikomeye bya graphene hejuru ya SEBS (26, 43, 44).
Kubwibyo, ubushobozi bwa electrode ya MGG kugirango bugumane umuvuduko mwinshi munsi yumuvuduko mwinshi birashoboka ko bishoboka muburyo bubiri bwingenzi: (i) Imizingo irashobora guhuza uturere duhujwe kugirango ikomeze inzira ya percolation, kandi (ii) impapuro nyinshi za graphene / elastomer zirashobora kunyerera hejuru yundi, bikaviramo kugabanuka kuri electrode ya graphene. Kubice byinshi byimuwe graphene kuri elastomer, ibice ntabwo bifatanye cyane, bishobora kunyerera mugusubiza ibibazo (27). Imizingo kandi yongereye ubukana bwa graphene, ishobora gufasha kongera itandukaniro hagati ya graphene bityo igafasha kunyerera kuri graphene.
Ibikoresho byose bya karubone birakurikiranwa ishyaka kubera igiciro gito kandi byinjira cyane. Ku bitureba, transistor zose za karubone zahimbwe hifashishijwe irembo rya graphene yo hepfo, isoko ya graphene yo hejuru / imiyoboro y'amazi, icyuma gitandukanya CNT, na SEBS nka dielectric (Ishusho 5A). Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 5B, ibikoresho byose bya karubone hamwe na CNT nkisoko / imiyoboro n irembo (igikoresho cyo hasi) biragaragara cyane kuruta igikoresho gifite graphene electrode (igikoresho cyo hejuru). Ni ukubera ko imiyoboro ya CNT isaba ubunini bunini kandi, kubwibyo, kohereza optique yohereza kugirango ugere kumpapuro zisa na graphene (ishusho S4). Igicapo 5 (C na D) cerekana guhagararirwa no gusohora umurongo mbere yo kunanirwa kuri transistor ikozwe na bilayeri MGG electrode. Ubugari bwumuyoboro nuburebure bwa transistor idateganijwe yari 800 na 100 mm. Ikigereranyo cyapimwe kuri / kuzimya kirenze 103 hamwe no kumurongo no kuzimya kurwego rwa 10−5 na 10−8 A. Ibisohoka bisohoka byerekana umurongo mwiza hamwe na sa turation hamwe na enterineti isobanutse neza, byerekana isano iri hagati ya CNT na graphene electrode (45). Kurwanya guhura na graphene electrode byagaragaye ko biri munsi ugereranije na firime ya Au yahumutse (reba ishusho S14). Kwiyuzuzamo kwa tristoriste irambuye ni cm 5,6 cm2 / Vs, bisa nkibya polimeri imwe itondekanya CNT tristoriste kuri Si substrate ikaze hamwe na 300-nm SiO2 nkigice cya dielectric. Gutezimbere kurushaho kugendana birashoboka hamwe nuburyo bwiza bwimyanya nubundi bwoko bwigituba (46).
(A) Gahunda ya graphene ishingiye kuri tranzistor. SWNTs, karubone imwe ya karubone nanotubes. (B) Ifoto ya tristoriste irambuye ikozwe muri graphene electrode (hejuru) na electrode ya CNT (hepfo). Itandukaniro mu mucyo riragaragara. (C na D) Kwimura no gusohora umurongo wa graphene ishingiye kuri transistor kuri SEBS mbere yo kunanirwa. .
Iyo igikoresho kibonerana, ibikoresho byose bya karubone byerekejwe mu cyerekezo kibangikanye n’icyerekezo cyo gutwara abantu, kugabanuka kwagaragaye kugera kuri 120%. Mugihe cyo kurambura, kugenda kwagabanutse kuva kuri 5,6 cm2 / Vs kuri 0% kumurongo kugeza kuri cm 2,52 / Vs kuri 120% (Ishusho 5F). Twagereranije kandi imikorere ya transistor kuburebure butandukanye (reba imbonerahamwe S1). Ikigaragara ni uko ku gipimo kingana na 105%, izo tristoriste zose ziracyerekana hejuru kuri / off ratio (> 103) no kugenda (> 3 cm2 / Vs). Twongeyeho, twavuze muri make ibikorwa byose biherutse gukorwa kuri transistor zose za karubone (reba imbonerahamwe S2) (47-52). Muguhindura ibikoresho byo guhimba ibikoresho kuri elastomers no gukoresha MGGs nkitumanaho, tristoriste yacu yose ya karubone yerekana imikorere myiza mubijyanye na mobile na hystereze kimwe no kuramburwa cyane.
Nka porogaramu ya transistor yuzuye kandi irambuye, twayikoresheje kugirango tugenzure LED ihinduka (Ishusho 6A). Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 6B, icyatsi kibisi LED irashobora kugaragara neza hifashishijwe igikoresho kirambuye cya karubone cyashyizwe hejuru. Mugihe urambuye kugeza ~ 100% (Igishusho 6, C na D), urumuri rwa LED ntiruhinduka, ibyo bikaba bihuye nibikorwa bya transistor byasobanuwe haruguru (reba firime S1). Ngiyo raporo yambere yuburambe burambuye bwakozwe hakoreshejwe graphene electrode, yerekana uburyo bushya kuri graphene irambuye ya elegitoroniki.
(A) Umuzunguruko wa tristoriste kugirango utware LED. GND, hasi. . . Imyambi yera yerekana nkibimenyetso byumuhondo kubikoresho kugirango yerekane intera ihinduka. (D) Kuruhande kuruhande rwa transistor irambuye, hamwe na LED yasunitswe muri elastomer.
Mu gusoza, twateje imbere imiterere ya graphene ikora neza ikomeza umuvuduko mwinshi munsi yumurongo munini nka electrode irambuye, ifashwa na graphene nanoscrolls hagati ya graphene yegeranye. Izi mikorere ya bi- na trilayeri MGG ya electrode kuri elastomer irashobora kugumana 21 na 65%, muburyo bumwe, 0% byimikorere ya 0% kumuvuduko ukabije kugeza 100%, ugereranije no gutakaza burundu imiyoboro ya 5% kuri electrode isanzwe ya monolayeri graphene. . Inzira zinyongera ziyobora imizingo ya graphene kimwe n’imikoranire idahwitse hagati yimurwa igira uruhare mu ihame ryimikorere ihagaze neza. Twongeye gushyira mubikorwa iyi graphene kugirango duhimbye tristoriste yose ya karubone. Kugeza ubu, iyi ni ndende cyane ya graphene ishingiye kuri transistor hamwe na transparency nziza idakoresheje bucking. Nubwo ubu bushakashatsi bwakozwe kugirango bushoboze graphene ya elegitoroniki irambuye, twizera ko ubu buryo bushobora kwaguka kubindi bikoresho 2D kugirango bishoboke ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki 2D.
Ubuso bunini bwa CVD graphene bwahinzwe kuri Cu file yahagaritswe (99,999%; Alfa Aesar) munsi yumuvuduko wa 0.5 mtorr hamwe na 50 - SCCM (santimetero kibe isanzwe kumunota) CH4 na 20 - SCCM H2 nkibibanziriza 1000 ° C. Impande zombi za Cu foil zari zitwikiriwe na monolayer graphene. Igice gito cyane cya PMMA (2000 rpm; A4, Microchem) yazungurutswe kuruhande rumwe rwa Cu foil, ikora PMMA / G / Cu foil / G. nyuma, firime yose yashizwemo 0.1 M ammonium persulfate [(NH4) 2S2O8] mumasaha agera kuri 2 kugirango ikureho foil. Muri iki gikorwa, graphene yinyuma idakingiwe yabanje gutanyagura imbibi zingano hanyuma izunguruka mu mizingo kubera uburemere bwubutaka. Imizingo yariyometse kuri PMMA ishyigikiwe na graphene yo hejuru, ikora imizingo ya PMMA / G / G. Amafirime yaje kwozwa mumazi yimana inshuro nyinshi hanyuma ashyirwa kumurongo wateganijwe, nka SiO2 / Si ikomeye cyangwa plastike. Filime yometse ikimara gukama kuri substrate, sample w nkuko yakurikiranye muri acetone, 1: 1 acetone / IPA (inzoga ya isopropyl), na IPA kuri 30 s imwe kugirango ikure PMMA. Filime zashyutswe kuri 100 ° C muminota 15 cyangwa zibikwa mu cyuho ijoro ryose kugirango zikureho amazi yafashwe mbere yuko ikindi gice cyumuzingo wa G / G cyimurirwa. Iyi ntambwe kwari ukwirinda gutandukana kwa firime ya graphene muri substrate no kureba neza MGGs mugihe cyo gusohora urwego rwabatwara PMMA.
Imiterere yimiterere ya MGG yagaragaye ikoresheje microscope optique (Leica) na microscope ya elegitoronike (1 kV; FEI). Microscope yingufu za atome (Nanoscope III, Digital Instrument) yakoreshwaga muburyo bwo gukanda kugirango turebe amakuru arambuye ya G. Gukorera muri firime byageragejwe na ultraviolet-igaragara ya ecran (Agilent Cary 6000i). Kubizamini mugihe umurongo wari uri munzira ya perpendicular yicyerekezo cyubu, Photolithography na plasma ya O2 byakoreshwaga mugushushanya imiterere ya graphene mumirongo (~ 300 μ m z'ubugari na ~ 2000 μ m z'uburebure), na electrode ya Au (50 nm) yashyizwe mubushuhe hakoreshejwe igicucu cya masike kumpande zombi zuruhande rurerure. Imirongo ya graphene yahise ishyirwaho na elastomer ya SEBS (cm 2 z'ubugari na cm 5 z'uburebure), hamwe na axe ndende y'imirongo ibangikanye n'uruhande rugufi rwa SEBS ikurikiwe na BOE (buffered oxyde etch) (HF: H2O 1: 6) kurigata na eutectic gallium indium (EGaIn) nkumuhuza wamashanyarazi. Kubigeragezo bisa, ibishushanyo mbonera bya graphene es (~ 5 × 10 mm) byimuriwe kumurongo wa SEBS, hamwe namashoka maremare abangikanye kuruhande rurerure rwa SEBS. Kuri ibyo bihe byombi, G yose (idafite imizingo ya G) / SEBS yarambuye kuruhande rurerure rwa elastomer mubikoresho byintoki, kandi mubihe, twapimye impinduka zabo zo guhangana nazo kuri sitasiyo ya probe hamwe nisesengura rya semiconductor (Keithley 4200 -SCS).
Transistoriste irambuye cyane kandi ibonerana ya karubone kuri substrate ya elastike yahimbwe nuburyo bukurikira kugirango hirindwe kwangirika kwangirika kwa polymer dielectric na substrate. MGG yubatswe kuri SEBS nka electrode y amarembo. Kugirango ubone icyuma kimwe cya polymer polymer dielectric (2 mm z'ubugari), igisubizo cya SEBS toluene (80 mg / ml) cyashizwe hejuru kuri octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) - cyahinduwe na SiO2 / Si munsi ya 1000 rpm kuminota 1. Filime yoroheje ya dielectric irashobora kwimurwa byoroshye bivuye hejuru ya hydrophobique OTS hejuru yubutaka bwa SEBS butwikiriwe na graphene yateguwe. Ubushobozi bushobora gukorwa mugushira icyuma cyamazi (EGaIn; Sigma-Aldrich) hejuru ya electrode kugirango hamenyekane ubushobozi nkigikorwa cyingutu ukoresheje metero ya LCR (inductance, capacitance, resistance) metero (Agilent). Ikindi gice cya tristoriste cyari kigizwe na polymer-semiconducting CNTs, ukurikije inzira zavuzwe mbere (53). Inkomoko yerekana / imiyoboro ya electrod es yahimbwe kubutaka bukomeye bwa SiO2 / Si. Ibikurikira, ibice byombi, dielectric / G / SEBS na CNTs / byashushanyije G / SiO2 / Si, byashyizwe hamwe, hanyuma bishyirwa muri BOE kugirango bikureho insimburangingo ya SiO2 / Si. Rero, transistors yuzuye kandi irambuye yarahimbwe. Igeragezwa ry'amashanyarazi rinini ryakozwe ku ntoki zirambuye nk'uburyo bwavuzwe haruguru.
Ibikoresho by'inyongera kuriyi ngingo urabisanga kuri http://advances.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/3/9/e1700159/DC1
fig. S1. Amashusho meza ya microscopi ya monolayeri MGG kuri SiO2 / Si substrates kuri magnificatif zitandukanye.
fig. S4. Kugereranya impapuro zibiri zirwanya no kohereza @ 550 nm ya mono-, bi- na trilayer graphene isanzwe (kare yumukara), MGG (inziga zitukura), na CNTs (triangle yubururu).
fig. S7. Guhindura uburyo busanzwe bwo guhangana na mono- na bilayeri MGGs (umukara) na G (umutuku) munsi ya ~ 1000 cyclicine yipakurura igera kuri 40 na 90% ihwanye.
fig. S10. SEM ishusho ya trilayer MGG kuri SEBS elastomer nyuma yo kunanirwa, yerekana umusaraba muremure hejuru yumutwe.
fig. S12. AFM ishusho ya trilayer MGG kuri elastomer yoroheje cyane ya SEBS kuri 20%, byerekana ko umuzingo wambutse hejuru.
imbonerahamwe S1. Imikorere ya bilayeri MGG - uruzitiro rumwe rwa karubone nanotube transistors kumurongo utandukanye mbere na nyuma yo kunanirwa.
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Na Nan Liu, Alex Chortos, Ting Lei, Lihua Jin, Taeho Roy Kim, Won-Gyu Bae, Chenxin Zhu, Sihong Wang, Raphael Pfattner, Xiyuan Chen, Robert Sinclair, Zhenan Bao
Na Nan Liu, Alex Chortos, Ting Lei, Lihua Jin, Taeho Roy Kim, Won-Gyu Bae, Chenxin Zhu, Sihong Wang, Raphael Pfattner, Xiyuan Chen, Robert Sinclair, Zhenan Bao
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-28-2021