Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura ivumbi rya grafiti n'ama-electrode y'imyanda?

Uburyo bwuzuye bwo kuvura ivumbi rya grafiti n'amashanyarazi y'imyanda

I. Gutunganya ivumbi rya Graphite: Ikoranabuhanga ryinshi mu miyoborere myiza

1. Ikoranabuhanga ryo Kugenzura no Gufata Inkomoko y'Amasoko

• Uburyo bwo Gufunga n'Amakoti Afunze: Shyiramo amakoti afunze ahantu hakenewe cyane ho gukurura ivumbi (urugero: gusya, gupima, gutwara) hamwe n'amafiriti akoresha imifuka (urugero: gukusanya ivumbi rigizwe n'imifuka ikoresha amashanyarazi). Ibi bigabanya ivumbi riva kuri 2.000–3.000 mg/m³ rigera kuri 20–30 mg/m³, bigatuma habaho 99% by'ubushobozi bwo gukuraho ivumbi.
• Ibikoresho byo gukuraho ivumbi bidaturika: Bitewe n’imiterere y’ivumbi rya grafiti ritwara umuriro kandi rishobora kwangirika, koresha ibikoresho byo gukusanya ivumbi bidaturika (urugero: ibikoresho byo gutandukanya inkubi y’umuyaga hamwe n’ibikoresho byo gushungura ivumbi bidaturika) kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago byo guturika iyo bivanze n’ibikoresho bishobora gushya.
• Uburyo bwo Gukusanya Ivumbi Ritose: Koresha imiti ikoreshwa mu gusuka ikoresheje amazi kugira ngo ihuze uduce tw'ivumbi, ikwiriye gukoreshwa mu bikoresho. Icyitonderwa: Menya neza ko ibikoresho bya electrode byumye (urugero: 60–80°C mu itanura rikoresha convection mu gihe cy'isaha 1) kugira ngo hirindwe kwanduzwa n'amavuta ya dielectric.

2. Gutunganya no kugenzura imyuka ihumanya ikirere

• Uburyo bwo gusukura ibintu mu byiciro byinshi: Gukonjesha imyuka iva mu bushyuhe bwinshi binyuze mu byuma bihindura ubushyuhe, hanyuma bikanyuzwa mu gikoresho gitandukanya umuyaga (ku duce tunini), agakoresho ko gusukura ka alkaline (kugira ngo gahagarike imyuka ikomoka kuri aside), n'umunara wo gushyiramo umwuka wa karuboni (wo gukuraho VOC). Imyuka iva mu gice cy'imyuka cya metero 15, ikubahiriza amategeko.Igipimo ngenderwaho cy'isukura ry'umwuka ku masoko rusange(GB 16297-1996).
• Gukurikirana no Gutunganya Ibikoresho: Shyiramo ibikoresho byo gupima ibintu bito n'ibipimo bya VOC kugira ngo uhindure ibipimo nka pH yo gusukura n'intera zo gusimbuza karubone, ukomeze gupima ibipimo biri munsi ya 120 mg/m³.

3. Ingamba z'ubufasha mu kugenzura

• Gushyira ubushuhe mu bikoresho: Shyira imiti igabanya ivumbi (urugero: umuti wa polyacrylamide) mu bubiko bw'amabuye y'agaciro n'ibidendezi by'imyanda, ugumana ubushuhe ku gipimo cya 6-8% kugira ngo ugabanye ivumbi rihunga.
• Kubungabunga Ibikoresho no Kurinda Abakozi: Sukura buri gihe imifuka iyungurura, ugenzure imiyoboro ifunga, kandi uhe abakoresha ibikoresho byo guhumeka bya N95 n'imyenda irinda umukungugu kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago byo kwangirika ku kazi.

II. Uburyo bwo kuvura imyanda ya Graphite Electrode: Kunoza uburyo bwo kugarura umutungo no kuwujugunya mu buryo butangiza ibidukikije

1. Kuvurwa mbere yo kuvura umubiri

• Gutondekanya no Gusukura: Shyira electrode mu byiciro ukurikije ubwoko (urugero: ingufu zisanzwe, ingufu nyinshi), gukuraho amavuta yo hejuru n'imyanda y'icyuma, hanyuma usukure ukoresheje imashini zikora ikoranabuhanga (frequency ya 40 kHz) mu gihe cy'iminota 10-15.
• Gusya no Gupima: Koresha ibikoresho byo gusya urwasaya kugira ngo ugabanye electrode kugeza ku duce duto twa mm 50, hanyuma uyungurure ukoresheje ibikoresho bizunguruka. Bika uduce duto twa mm 5–50 kugira ngo electrode ivugururwe.

2. Gutunganya no kuvugurura imiti

• Gushyushya uduce duto mu itanura rya graphitization kuri 2,800–3,000°C mu gihe cy'amasaha 4–6 kugira ngo ukureho imyanda ihindagurika (urugero: sulfur, azote), kuzamura ingano ya karuboni ihoraho kugeza kuri ≥99.5%.
• Gukuraho aside mu buryo bwo gukuraho umwanda: Shyiramo uduce twasenyutse muri aside hydrochloric 15–20% kuri 80–90°C mu gihe cy'amasaha 2 kugira ngo ukureho imyanda ya aluminiyumu, icyuma n'indi myanda y'icyuma. Hindura filtrate mbere yo kuyisohora.

3. Gukoresha Electrode yihariye yo gusana

• Gutandukanya Electrode ya Platinum-Iridium: Ku ma electrode yo mu rwego rw'ubuvuzi arimo aloyide ya platinum-iridium, shyira platinum muri aqua regia (80°C mu gihe cy'amasaha 3). Kuramo iridium ukoresheje electrolysis y'umunyu ushongeshejwe (NaCl-KCl system kuri 700°C) hanyuma wongere byombi kugeza ku buziranenge bwa 99.99% ukoresheje gushonga kw'ahantu.
• Kuvugurura Electrode Ishingiye ku Muringa: Gusya electrode z'umuringa-grafiti zitarimo imyanda, gutandukanya graphite (ubucucike: 1.8–2.1 g/cm³) n'ifu y'umuringa (ubucucike: 8.9 g/cm³) binyuze mu kuzura, hanyuma utunganye ifu y'umuringa mu muringa utagira inenge nyinshi binyuze muri electrolysis (ubucucike bw'amashanyarazi: 200 A/m²).

III. Isesengura ry'Ikoranabuhanga n'Ubukungu n'Inyigo z'Inganda

1. Kugereranya Ikiguzi n'Inyungu

• Imashini ziyungurura imifuka: Ishoramari rya mbere: ~¥500.000; igiciro cy'imikorere: ¥0.2/m³ ya gaze isohora umwotsi. Ikwiriye ibigo binini bya electrode ya grafiti (ingano y'imyotsi isohora umwotsi ku mwaka ≥100.000 m³).
• Uburyo bwo Gukusanya Ivumbi Ritose: Ishoramari ry'ibikoresho: ¥ 200.000; igiciro cy'umuti ushingiye ku mazi: ¥ 0.5/toni y'amazi yanduye. Ni byiza cyane mu mashami mato kugeza ku aciriritse.
• Kuvugurura Electrode y'imyanda: Buri toni itanga grafiti ya kg 850 (agaciro ka ¥3.000) n'ibyuma bya kg 150 (agaciro ka ¥5.000), bitanga ¥8.000 mu nyungu rusange. Igihe cyo kwishyura ishoramari: imyaka 1.5–2.

2. Inyigo ku birebana n'inganda

• Ikigo Gikuru cya Graphite Electrode: Cyashyizeho sisitemu ya “静电袋式除尘器 (akayunguruzo k'umufuka w'amashanyarazi) + umunara wo gushyiramo karubone ukoresheje ingufu”, bigabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere kuva kuri 2.000 mg/m³ ikagera kuri 15 mg/m³ kandi bigeza kuri 95% by’ikurwaho rya VOC. Amande y’ibicuruzwa bibungabunga ibidukikije yagabanyijweho miliyoni 2 z’amayero buri mwaka.
• Uruganda rutunganya amashanyarazi y’ubuvuzi: Ingano ya platine-iridium yagarujwe ku buziranenge bwa 99.99% binyuze mu gushonga kw’umunyu, ikoreshwa mu buryo butaziguye mu gukora pacemaker. Yazigamiye ¥ miliyoni 1.2 kuri toni y’ingufu za electrode mu giciro cy’ibikoresho fatizo.

IV. Amabwiriza agenga politiki n'amabwiriza

• Amabwiriza agenga imyuka ihumanya: Kuzuza ibisabwaIgipimo ngenderwaho cyo gusohora imyanda mu nganda za grafiti(GB 31573-2015), itegeka ko habaho imyuka ihumanya ikirere ≤30 mg/m³ na VOC ≤100 mg/m³.
• Inkunga zo kugaruza umutungo: Gushishikariza ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryaIbisobanuro bya tekiniki ku bijyanye no kongera gukoresha Electrode za Graphite(GB/T 35164-2017) hamwe n'inkunga y'imisoro (urugero, gusubizwa 70% bya TVA ku bicuruzwa bya grafiti byavuguruwe).
• Amabwiriza y'umutekano: KurikizaItegeko ry'umutekano ryo kwirinda guturika kw'umukungugu(GB 15577-2018), bisaba ibikoresho bifasha guturika (umuvuduko: 0.01–0.02 MPa) no kugenzura buri gihe uburyo bwo gukuraho ivumbi hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi.