Imiterere y'ikoreshwa n'isesengura ry'icyerekezo cya Electrode za Graphite mu bikoresho bya Anode kuri Bateri za Lithium-Ion
1. Imiterere y'ikoreshwa: Graphite yiganje ku isoko ariko ihura n'ibitutu byo guhindura ikoranabuhanga
1.1 Umwanya ukomeye ku isoko
Ibikoresho bya anode ya grafiti (harimo na grafiti isanzwe n'iy'ubukorikori) bikomeje kuba ingenzi cyane muri anode za bateri ya lithium-ion, bingana na 99% by'ibyoherezwa ku isi mu 2024. Grafiti ikoze mu buryo bwa synthetic, ifite ibyiza nko kuba ifite ubucucike bwinshi mu mazi, imikorere myiza ya cycle (> cycles 1,500), na 93% by'imikorere myiza ya mbere, yiganje mu rwego rwa bateri z'amashanyarazi ifite isoko rirenga 80%. Nk'umusaruro munini ku isi, Ubushinwa bwageze ku musaruro wa 负极材料 (ibikoresho bya anode) wa toni miliyoni 2.16 mu 2024, bufata 98.5% by'isoko mpuzamahanga, aho anode za grafiti zigizwe na 75% by'iki giteranyo cyose.
1.2 Ibyiza by'Ikiguzi Gikomeye
Anode za grafiti zageze ku giciro gito bitewe n’ubukungu buciriritse, aho ibiciro bya grafiti zikoze mu gihugu mu Bushinwa byagabanutse kuva kuri RMB 55,000/toni mu 2022 bigera kuri RMB 16,500/toni mu 2024, bikaba byaragabanutseho 21.43%. Uku kugabanya ikiguzi bituma habaho kwihutisha ibiciro mu nzego zishingiye ku biciro nko mu bikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga n’ububiko bw’ingufu.
1.3 Inzitizi zikomeje kugaragara mu ikoranabuhanga
Ubushobozi bwihariye bwa Graphite mu bijyanye n’ingufu bugarukira kuri 372 mAh/g, bugera ku rwego rwo hejuru rw’imikorere yabwo kandi bugorwa no guhaza icyifuzo cy’ “urujya n’uruza rw’amashanyarazi” mu modoka nshya zikoresha ingufu (NEVs). Gushaka ingufu nyinshi mu bateri z’amashanyarazi zigezweho biri gutuma habaho impinduka mu bikoresho bishya nka anode zishingiye kuri silikoni na karubone ikomeye.
2. Ibyiza byo Gukoresha: Ntibishobora gusimburwa mu gihe gito ariko bihura n'ingaruka z'igihe kirekire zo gusimbuza
2.1 Igihe gito (Imyaka 3–5): Graphite iguma ari core
- Iterambere ry’Ubusabe Rirambye: Kwaguka mu masoko ya NEV n’ububiko bw’ingufu bizatuma ubusabe bw’ibikoresho bya anode burushaho kwiyongera, aho ibicuruzwa by’Ubushinwa biteganijwe kugera kuri toni miliyoni 2.41 mu 2025, aho anode za grafiti zikiri hejuru ya 70%.
- Kunoza ikoranabuhanga bikomeza guhangana: Ikoranabuhanga ryo gusiga amarangi mu buryo bw'amazi ryatumye igihe cyo gukora uruziga rwa grafiti anode kirenga uruziga 2.000, mu gihe imiterere y'imiterere y'imashini ifite imyenge ya 3D ituma iminota 15 ibasha gusharija vuba kugeza ku bushobozi bwa 80%, rigahuza ibisabwa ku bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga n'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi biciriritse.
- Ibyiza by'Ikiguzi Biracyari Nta mbogamizi: Udushya mu mikorere ya grafiti (urugero, graphitization ihoraho) tugabanya ikiguzi, mu gihe anode zishingiye kuri silikoni ziguma zihenze inshuro 3-5, bikagabanya ikwirakwizwa ry'ubunini mu gihe gito.
2.2 Igihe kirekire (Imyaka 5–10): Anode zishingiye kuri silicon zigira imbaraga, zigatuma Graphite igabanywa ku isoko
- Iterambere rya Anode ishingiye kuri Silicon: Iterambere mu miterere ya nanostructured, optimization ya carbone coating, na pre-lithiation technologies byazamuye imikorere ya first cycle kugeza kuri 85%, byongera igihe cyo gukora cycle kirenga 1.000 cycles, kandi bigabanya ibiciro ho 60% kuva ku rwego rwa 2022 kugera kuri RMB 180/kg. Isoko rya anode ishingiye kuri silicon ku isi ryitezwe kugera kuri miliyari 30 z'ama-ruble mu 2025, aho kwinjira bizarenga 10%, ndetse bishobora no kurenga 25% mu 2030.
- Politiki n'Isoko: Biteganijwe ko ibicuruzwa bya NEV ku isi bizagera kuri miliyoni 60 mu 2030, mu gihe ubushobozi bwo kubika ingufu buziyongera kuva kuri 300 GWh mu 2025 kugera kuri 800 GWh mu 2030. Gusaba ingufu nyinshi bizihutisha ikoreshwa rya anode zishingiye kuri silikoni.
- Aho Graphite's Niche Retreat: Graphite anode zishobora gusubira inyuma zikajya kuri bateri z'amashanyarazi zo mu rwego rwo hasi, ububiko bw'ingufu, n'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bikoreshwa n'abaguzi, isoko rikangirika bitewe n'ibikoresho bikozwe muri silikoni, lithiyumu-metal, n'ibindi bikoresho bigezweho.
2.3 Ingaruka zishobora guterwa no gusimbuza: Sodium-Ion na Solid-State Bateri
- Gucuruza batiri za Sodium-Ion: Iyo ibiciro bigabanutse kuri RMB 0.3/Wh, batiri za sodium-iyoni zishobora kubangamira ikenerwa rya grafiti anode, cyane cyane mu kubika ingufu.
- Guhungabana kwa Bateri Ikomeye: Uruvange rwa electrolyte ikomeye na anode za lithiamu-metal bishobora guhindura imiterere ya anode, nubwo ubucuruzi bukiri kure y’imyaka 5-10.
3. Inzira z'inganda n'inama z'ingamba
3.1 Amabwiriza yo Guhindura Ikoranabuhanga
- Anode za Graphite: Zibanda ku kongera imikorere yo gusharija vuba (urugero, irangi ry'amazi), kugabanya ikiguzi (urugero, graphitization ihoraho), no kuramba (urugero, imiterere y'imyenge ya 3D).
- Anode zishingiye kuri Silicon: Gukurikirana igihe cy'imikorere ya CVD silicon-carbon, iterambere ry'inganda mbere ya litiation, n'ikoreshwa rya graphite-silicon composite (urugero, ibisubizo bya graphite bya BTR bya S+i).
- Anode zigaragara: Anode za Lithium-metal na carbon anodes zirimo imyenge kuri bateri za lithium-sulfure ziri mu cyiciro cy’igerageza, aho imishinga y’ubufatanye hagati y’inganda n’ibigo by’ubushakashatsi yikubye gatatu kuva mu 2022.
3.2 Inama z'ingamba z'ikigo
- Ingamba z'igihe gito: Gutegura anode za sisitemu za cathode zifite nikeli nyinshi hamwe n'ibinyabutabire bya silikoni-karuboni kugira ngo byongere umusaruro w'ibicuruzwa.
- Ingamba z'igihe kirekire: Gushora imari mu mapatanti y'ingenzi (urugero, guhindura irangi, mbere yo gukoresha uburyo bwa "lithiation") no kugira ubufatanye n'inganda eshanu za mbere ku isi zikora bateri kugira ngo isoko rirusheho gukomera.
- Kugabanya Ingaruka: Gushora imari mu buryo butandukanye mu ikoranabuhanga rya grafiti, silicon, na lithium-metal kugira ngo hirindwe ingaruka zo gusimbuza; gushyira imbere abatanga serivisi bafite imikorere myiza ya ESG n'uburyo bwo gukora ibintu bidafite ingaruka ku bidukikije.
4. Umwanzuro
Electrode za grafiti ziracyari ingenzi cyane muri anode za bateri ya lithiamu-ion mu gihe gito, zishyigikiwe n'igiciro cyazo gito, ituze, n'ivugurura rya tekiniki rikomeje. Ariko, iterambere muri anode zishingiye kuri silikoni hamwe n'ubwiyongere bw'ingufu zikenewe muri NEVs bitera ibyago byo gusimbuza igihe kirekire. Ibigo bigomba kuringaniza udushya, kugenzura ikiguzi, no kwihanganira imiyoboro y'ibikoresho kugeza ku guhinduka kuva ku "kwaguka kw'ingano" kugera ku "kongera ubuziranenge," amaherezo biganisha inganda ku bwinshi bw'ingufu, igihe kirekire, n'ibiciro bigabanuka.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 22 Nyakanga-2025