Imiterere y’ubu yo gusana electrode za grafiti igaragaza iterambere rimwe na rimwe mu iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga no mu nganda, aho igipimo cyo kongera gusana graphite y’imyanda giteganijwe kuzamuka kuva kuri 15% muri 2023 kikagera kuri 25% mu 2025. Ikoranabuhanga ryo kongera gusana ibikoresho bya anode bya bateri ya lithium-ion ryageze ku isoko, kandi imikorere y’uburyo bwo kongera gusana graphite ikoreshwa mu bikoresho bidafite ishingiro igera ku bikoresho bishya. Ariko, inganda ziracyafite imbogamizi nko kwiganza mu bigo bito byo gukoreramo ndetse no kutagira amahame ya tekiniki.
I. Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga: Gucuruza ikoranabuhanga ryo kongera gukoresha bateri ya Lithium-Ion Anode
Uburyo buhoraho bwo kuvugurura ubushyuhe bwinshi
Ibigo nka Bobang Shanhe byazamuye ubuziranenge bw'ibikoresho bya anode ya grafiti (harimo ubwoko bw'ubukorano, karemano, n'ibivanze) bigera kuri 99.99% binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga rihoraho rya grafiti. Ibicuruzwa bya anode byavuguruwe bigira imikorere ingana n'iy'ibikoresho bishya. Ubu buryo bukemura ibibazo nko kuba hari umwanda mwinshi n'imiterere ya kristu yangiritse binyuze mu gusana imiterere ya microcrystalline no kunoza imiterere y'ubuso, bitanga inkunga y'ikoranabuhanga ku nganda zikora bateri za lithiamu-ion.
Gahunda z'ubukungu bushingiye kuri politiki
Gahunda y’imyaka itanu y’Ubushinwa ivuga ko ibikoresho bya grafiti byo mu rwego rwo hejuru ari byo by’ingenzi mu bushakashatsi, aho hatangwa ubwishingizi ku bikoresho bishya bikoreshwa mu buryo bwa mbere bikubiyemo grafiti yihariye kandi bigatanga inkunga igera kuri miliyoni 30 z’ama-ruble kuri buri mushinga. Ku rwego rw’akarere, Weifang, Shandong, yubatse nk’ “Ikibaya cya Karuboni cy’Iburasirazuba,” ihuza ibigo 32 byihariye bya grafiti kandi igera ku gaciro k’umusaruro karenga miliyari 8 z’ama-ruble mu 2024, ikora itsinda ry’inganda zo mu karere.
II. Kwagura inganda: Iterambere ryihuse mu gipimo cy’ibisubizo n’ubushobozi bwo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho
Ubwiyongere bugaragara bw'igipimo cyo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho mu buryo bwa elegitoroniki
Ibitutu ku bidukikije birashishikariza ibigo gukoresha uburyo bwo kurengera ibidukikije. Uburyo bwo gushyira mu bikorwa imyuka ya CO₂ butanga toni 6.8 z'imyuka ya CO₂ kuri toni, bigatuma ibigo bikomeye bigabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga rya CCUS mu bijyanye n'ingufu zirengera ibidukikije, mu gihe bitera imbere mu kongera gukoresha imyuka ya graphite. Biteganyijwe ko mu 2025, igipimo cy'ibicuruzwa bya graphite bishobora kongera gukoreshwa kizava kuri 15% muri 2023 kikagera kuri 25%, bigashyiraho uburyo bwo “kongera gukora no kongera gukoresha imyuka.”
Kwihutisha Gukoresha Ubushobozi bwo Gukoresha Ibikoresho Byo Gusubiramo Ibintu
Bobang Shanhe yatangije icyiciro cya mbere cy'umushinga wo kuvugurura toni 20.000 buri mwaka wo gutunganya ibyuma bya grafiti, mu gihe CATL yashoye imari mu mushinga wa mbere wo gutunganya ibikoresho bya grafiti, bikagera ku gipimo cyo kongera gutunganya kirenga 90%. Mu 2025, ingano yose y'ibikoresho bya grafiti bisaba kongera gutunganya biteganijwe ko izarenga toni 150.000, hamwe n'igipimo cy'izamuka ry'ibiciro ku mwaka (CAGR) cya 40%, bigaragaza ko isoko rishobora kuzamuka cyane.
III. Imbogamizi mu nganda: Kwiganje mu matsinda mato no kutagira amahame ngenderwaho
Umubare munini w'ibikoresho byo kongera gukoresha mu buryo butari bwo
Isoko ry’ibikoresho byo kongera gukoresha batiri za lithiamu-iyoni rimaze igihe kinini ryiganjemo utuzu duto, dugizwe na 70% by’urwego rw’ibicuruzwa. Gusenya bitemewe n’amategeko bituma habaho gusohora kwa kanseri (urugero: nikeli) n’ibintu byangiza (urugero: hydrogen fluoride), bigatera ibyago ku bidukikije no ku buzima bw’abantu. Inganda zitunganya ibikoresho byo kongera gukoresha amashanyarazi ya graphite zihura n’ibibazo nk’ibyo, aho ibikoresho bya graphite byongeye gukoreshwa mu buryo butari bwo bigaragaza ubuziranenge budasanzwe kandi ntibigere ku bisabwa mu buryo bworoshye.
Amahame y'Ubuhanga n'Imiterere y'Amategeko atuzuye
Nubwo hari iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga rikorwa n’ibigo bikomeye, uru rwego nta mahame ngenderwaho ahuriweho yo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho byo mu mazi ndetse n’uburyo bwo gutanga icyemezo. Amahame mpuzamahanga agenga ibidukikije nka gahunda yo guhindura imipaka ya karuboni mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’uburayi (CBAM) ashyiraho amabwiriza akomeye yo gushyiraho electrodes za grafiti, bikaba ngombwa ko hashyirwaho uburyo bwo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho byo mu mazi bufunganye kandi bugatuma amasosiyete yo mu gihugu arushaho guhangana mu ikoranabuhanga.
IV. Ingendo z'ejo hazaza: Iterambere ry'ubuhanga, ubw'ubuhanga n'ibidukikije
Guhuza ikoranabuhanga bitera kunoza imikorere myiza
Ikoranabuhanga rya digitale twin rituma habaho kwigana ibintu mu buryo budasanzwe hamwe n’ukuri ku kigero cya 90% mu guhanura inenge mu mikorere, mu gihe sisitemu zo gukora zikoresha uburyo bwo gupima ibintu mu buryo busanzwe zikoresha uburyo bwo gupima ibintu mu buryo butangaje kugira ngo zigenzure imiterere y’ibicanwa mu gihe nyacyo, bityo zigatanga uburyo bwo kwishyura amakosa bwa 0.1 μm. Ubu buryo bushya bugabanya imikorere y’ibikoresho ku kigero cya 20% kandi bukongera umusaruro ukagera ku kigero cya 98%, butanga ibisubizo by’ubwenge byo kongera gukoresha electrode ya grafiti.
Uburyo bw'ubukungu bw'uruziga bugenda buhinduka rusange
Ikoranabuhanga ryo kongera gukoresha grafiti iva muri bateri za lithium-ion zakoreshejwe rigera ku gipimo cyo kugarura 90% ku giciro kiri hasi ya 30% ugereranyije n’ibikoresho byakoreshejwe. Ibigo birimo guteza imbere imikorere y’umutungo binyuze mu bikorwa nko gukoresha neza no kongera gukoresha bateri zakoreshejwe, bigakora uruhererekane rw’inganda rugizwe n’"ubucukuzi bwa grafiti-kugarura ibidukikije-iterambere ry’ingufu nshya."
Igihe cyo kohereza: 28 Nyakanga-2025