Ni uruhe ruhare rw'ingenzi poroteyine ya peteroli ya graphised coke igira mu gikorwa gito no gushonga kw'amatanura y'amashanyarazi hakoreshejwe karuboni nkeya?

Uruhare rw'ingenzi n'isesengura rya Graphitized Petroleum Coke mu icupa ry'amashanyarazi (EAF) rigufi n'ikorwa ry'icyuma gikozwe mu buryo bwa karuboni nkeya

I. Ibikoresho by'ibanze bya Electrode za Graphite, bishyigikira imikorere myiza ya EAF Short Process

1. Ibiranga ibikoresho fatizo n'uburyo bihura n'imikorere. Graphitized petroleum coke ni umusaruro ukomoka kuri petroleum coke ikoreshwa mu gupima ubushyuhe burenga 2,500°C, igahindura imiterere yayo ya kristu ikava mu buryo budafite ishusho ihinduka imiterere ya graphite ikurikije amabwiriza. Ifite ubushobozi bwo gutwara amashanyarazi menshi, ubushobozi bwo gutwara ubushyuhe bwinshi, ubushobozi bwo kwirinda ubushyuhe bwinshi (mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe buri hejuru ya 3,000°C), kandi ikaba idahinduka mu buryo busanzwe. Iyi miterere ituma iba ibikoresho fatizo byiza byo gukora electrodes za graphite, ari na zo zikoreshwa mu gukora ibyuma bya EAF.

2. Guteza imbere imikorere myiza mu gukora ibyuma mu buryo bwihuse Uburyo bwihuse bwa EAF bukoresha cyane cyane ibyuma bishaje nk'ibiryo, bugashonga neza kandi bugashyira ogisijeni mu myanda binyuze mu miyoboro y'amashanyarazi ikorwa na electrode za grafiti. Ugereranije n'uburyo busanzwe bwo gukora icyuma gisanzwe cya ogisijeni (BF-BOF) (gisaba amabuye y'agaciro n'amakara yo guconga), uburyo bwihuse bwa EAF bukuraho intambwe yo gukora icyuma, bugabanya uburebure bw'igikorwa ku kigero kirenga 60%, bugabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu hafi 60%, kandi bugabanya imyuka ya CO₂ ku kigero cya 80%. Electrode za grafiti zishingiye kuri peteroli zifite graphite zigira uruhare runini muri ubu buryo:

• Ubushobozi bwo gutwara amashanyarazi bwinshi: Bigabanya igihombo cy'ingufu z'amashanyarazi, byongera imikorere myiza y'ubushyuhe bw'arc, kandi bigabanya imikorere y'ingufu (urugero: EAF za quantum zigabanya igihe cyo gushonga ho 50% ugereranije n'uburyo busanzwe).
• Ubudahangarwa bw'ubushyuhe: Ihangana n'ubushyuhe bukabije muri EAFs, igabanya ikoreshwa rya electrode (urugero, eco-EAFs igabanya ikoreshwa rya electrode ho 57.5% ugereranyije n'amatanura asanzwe).
• Guhagarara neza mu by'ubutabire: Birinda ingaruka hagati y'amashanyarazi n'icyuma gishongeshejwe cyangwa icyuma gishongeshejwe, bigatuma icyuma gitunganywa neza.

II. Gukora ibyuma bidafite karubone nke: Guhindura icyatsi kibisi kuva ku bikoresho fatizo kugera ku buryo bikoreshwa

1. Gusimbuza ibikomoka kuri peteroli kugira ngo bigabanye imyuka ihumanya ikirere Uburyo busanzwe bwo gusimbuza amakara nk'ibikomoka kuri peteroli no kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere, bigatuma habaho ubukana bwinshi bwa karuboni. Mu buryo bunyuranye, uburyo bwo gusimbuza bwa EAF bukoresha ibyuma n'amashanyarazi nk'isoko y'ingufu, bigatuma habaho gusimbuza "amakara-amashanyarazi" binyuze muri electrodes za graphite zikomoka kuri peteroli za graphite. Iyo zikoreshejwe n'ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa (urugero, imirasire y'izuba cyangwa umuyaga), imyuka ihumanya ikirere hafi ya zeru irashoboka. Urugero, eco-EAFs zikoresha ingufu zikomoka ku bidukikije kugira ngo zishongeshe ibikoresho fatizo bifite karuboni nke, zigakora ibyuma bifite ikoranabuhanga "ridafite karuboni" kandi hafi ya zeru imyuka ya CO₂.

2. Gusubiza ubushyuhe bw'imyanda no kunoza ikoreshwa ry'ingufu. Ubushyuhe bwinshi bwa coke ya peteroli ikoresheje grafiti bushyigikira ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya sisitemu zo gusubiza ubushyuhe bw'imyanda muri EAF. Imyuka irimo umukungugu mwinshi (itwara 11-20% by'ingufu zinjiye) ishobora gusubiza ubushyuhe binyuze muri electrodes za grafiti cyangwa ibikoresho byabugenewe byo gushyushya mbere y'ibisigazwa cyangwa gutanga amashanyarazi, bigabanya cyane ikoreshwa ry'ingufu. Urugero, ikoranabuhanga ryo gushyushya mbere y'ibisigazwa ry'ibisigazwa ry'ibisigazwa ry'ibisigazwa rituma ubushyuhe bw'ibisigazwa buva kuri dogere selisiyusi zirenga 600, rigagabanya imikorere y'ibisigazwa ku kigero cya 15-20% kandi rigagabanya ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi kuri toni y'icyuma ku kigero cya 36.95-40.22%.

3. Guteza imbere ikoreshwa ry’ibikoresho by’ibyuma bishaje. Uburyo bwa EAF bugufi, bukoreshwa na koke ya peteroli ya grafiti, buhindura inganda z’ibyuma kuva ku buryo bw’ikigereranyo cy’ “ibikoresho by’umutungo-ibicuruzwa-imyanda” bujya ku buryo bw’uruziga “ibikoresho by’umutungo-ibicuruzwa-byasubiwemo”. Mu 2024, amasosiyete akomeye yageze ku musaruro mwinshi w’ibyuma by’imodoka bito cyane kandi bikomeye cyane, bihura n’ibikenewe mu kugabanya uburemere bw’ibikoresho mu gihe bigereranya ikiguzi n’inyungu z’ibidukikije z’ “ibyuma by’icyatsi.”

III. Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga n'uburyo isoko rihagaze: Agaciro ka "Gray" ka Koke ya Peteroli ya Graphitized karagaragara

1. Gukenera Ibicuruzwa Bikora Cyane Uko ubushobozi bwa EAF bwaguka (urugero, amatanura arenga toni 400) n'ikoranabuhanga ryo gushongesha ibyuma ritera imbere (urugero, EAF za quantum, EAFs), gukenera electrodes za grafiti nziza biriyongera. Coke ya peteroli ya grafiti, nk'ibikoresho fatizo by'ingenzi, ihura n'irushanwa rikomeye ku buziranenge (ibipimo by'ivu <0.5%), imyuka myinshi (imizunguko 3-4), na grafitisation y'ubushyuhe bwinshi cyane (resistivity <4 μΩ·m).

2. Guhuza Green Premium n'Uruhererekane rw'Ibicuruzwa Mu rwego rw'intego z'Ubushinwa zo "kugabanya karubone ebyiri", abakora peteroli ya coke ikoze muri grafiti bagabanya ibyangiritse bya karubone binyuze mu gukora ingufu zihumanya ikirere no gucuruza karubone, bakinjiza "inyungu zidasanzwe" kandi bagakurura abakiriya mpuzamahanga bo mu rwego rwo hejuru. Ibigo bikomeye birimo kwagura urwego rw'inganda ruhuriweho rugizwe n'"ibikoresho fatizo bya coke-graphitization-anode," bigatuza uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa no kugabanya ikiguzi.

3. Politiki n'Iterambere Rishingiye ku Isoko Politiki nk'amabwiriza y'Ubushinwa yo guteza imbere Iterambere ry'Ubuhanga mu by'Ibyuma ishyigikira byimazeyo ikoreshwa na EAF, aho igipimo cya EAF mu gukora ibyuma giteganijwe kuzamuka cyane mu 2025. Nk'ibikoresho fatizo bya EAF, koke ya peteroli ikoresheje grafiti izakomeza gukura ku isoko, igatuma inganda zizamuka cyane kandi zikagabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere.