Ese ubushobozi bwo gukora coke ya peteroli ifite graphitized buzagira uruhare mu "rugamba rw'umutungo wa karuboni" hamwe n'ibikoresho bya anode bya bateri ya lithium?

Ingaruka zishobora kubaho ku "Intambara y'Umutungo wa Karuboni" hagati y'ubushobozi bwo gukora Coke ya Peteroli ya Graphitized na Lithium-ion Battery Anode—Nyamara iyi makimbirane ashobora kuringanizwa mu buryo buhamye binyuze mu ivugurura ry'ikoranabuhanga, guhuza umutungo, no guhindura uburyo bw'isoko. Isesengura ryihariye ni iri rikurikira:

I. Ishingiro ry'“Intambara”: Ubuke bw'Umutungo n'Izamuka ry'Ubusabe Bukabije

Uruhande rw'umutungo: Uburimbane bw'imiterere mu gutanga peteroli ya Coke

• Kugabanuka k'ubushobozi bwo gutunganya: Dukurikije politiki mpuzamahanga ya "double carbon", inganda zo mu Burayi na Amerika ziri kwihutisha irangira ry'ubushobozi budashaje (urugero, igabanuka rya 8% ry'ubushobozi bwo gutunganya i Burayi mu 2024 n'igipimo cya 12% cyo guhagarika inganda zo gutunganya peteroli ya shale muri Amerika), bigatuma habaho kugabanuka gukomeye kw'itangwa rya coke ya peteroli ifite sulfure nke (ibikoresho by'ingenzi bya anode za bateri ya lithium-ion).
• Imbogamizi mu bucuruzi ziyongera: Gukazwa kw'amategeko agenga kohereza grafiti mu Bushinwa muri Amerika byatumye inganda zikora anode zo mu Bushinwa zihindura imikorere yazo zijya muri koke y'ibikomoka kuri peteroli yo mu gihugu, birushaho kongera igitutu cy'abaguzi mu gihugu.
• Ibitekerezo ku bubiko: Abacuruzi bahunitse ibikoresho ku rwego rwo hejuru, aho ububiko bw'ibyambu byo mu gihugu bwagabanutse kuva kuri toni miliyoni 2 mu 2023 bukagera kuri toni 800.000, bigatuma habaho "ibura ry'ibitari byo."

Uruhande rw'Ubusabe: Iterambere ryimbitse ry'ibikoresho bya Anode ya Lithium-ion Bateri

• Kwaguka kw'Isoko: Ubusabe ku isi hose bw'ibikoresho bya anode bya bateri ya lithium-ion bwageze kuri toni miliyoni 2.2 mu 2024, byasabaga toni zisaga miliyoni 3 za coke ya peteroli, nyamara itangwa ry'ibicuruzwa ryari kuri toni miliyoni 2.6 gusa, bisiga icyuho cya 13%.
• Irushanwa ry’Ikoranabuhanga: Grafiti y’ubukorikori (ingana na ~ 80% by’isoko) iracyari ikomeye ariko ishingiye cyane kuri coke ya peteroli (toni 1.2–1.5 za coke ikenewe kuri toni ya grafiti y’ubukorikori). Nubwo anode zishingiye kuri silicon (zifite ubushobozi bwo gupima inshuro 10 za grafiti) zirimo kwiyongera, gucuruzwa biracyari hafi imyaka 3–5, bigatuma habura igihe kinini cyo gusimbura coke ya peteroli.

II. Ibigaragara mu Isi Nyayo: Ibiciro bizamuka cyane no kuvugurura uruhererekane rw'inganda

Kohereza umuvuduko w'ikiguzi

• Izamuka ry'igiciro cy'ibikoresho fatizo: Mu 2025, ibiciro bya peteroli ya coke nkeya ya sulfure byari mu nganda byageze kuri RMB 6,000 kuri toni, ubwiyongere bwa 150% ugereranyije n'intangiriro za 2023. Ibi byatumye ikiguzi cy'ibikoresho fatizo cyo gukora toni 1 ya grafiti y'ubukorikori kiva kuri RMB 5,000 kigera kuri RMB 9,000, bituma inyungu rusange igabanukaho 10%.
• Ibiciro byatsinzwe: Inganda zikora bateri za lithium zasabye kugabanyirizwa 15% by'igiciro cya anode, mu gihe abakora anode bahuraga n'ibihe by'inguzanyo birebire (byavaga ku minsi 90 kugeza ku minsi 180), bikongera ibyago byo kubura amafaranga.

Ingamba zo Gukemura Ibibazo by'Inganda

• Guhuza ibintu mu buryo buhagaze: Ibigo bikomeye byabonye ibikoresho bya koke ifite sulfur nke binyuze mu kugura imigabane mu nganda zitunganya no gushakisha koke ikoresha amakara (igabanuka rya 20% ugereranyije na koke ikoresha peteroli).
• Gusimbuza ikoranabuhanga ryihuse:
  • Anode zishingiye kuri Silicon: Ikorwa rya Tesla ry’inode za silicon-carbon ku bwinshi ku bateri zayo 4680 ryongereye ubucucike bw’ingufu ku kigero cya 20%. Niba ibiciro bya peteroli bya coke bikomeje kwiyongera, gusimbuza bishobora kwihuta.
  • Impinduka mu mikorere ya karuboni ikomeye: GAC Aion yateje imbere karuboni ikomeye ikomoka kuri biomass (ishingiye ku gishishwa cya kokonati) ikoreshwa muri batiri za sodium-ion, aho ibikoresho fatizo bitwara kimwe cya gatatu cya coke ya peteroli.
• Kwaguka mu mahanga: Ibigo nka BTR New Material Group na Shanshan Co., Ltd. byashinze imishinga y’ibikoresho bya anode muri Indoneziya na Maroc kugira ngo byirinde inzitizi z’umutungo w’imbere mu gihugu.

III. Ingendo z'ejo hazaza: Uburinganire buhamye n'ubufatanye bw'igihe kirekire

Koroherezwa mu gihe gito ku bijyanye n'ibikenewe mu gutanga serivisi

• Gushyira mu bikorwa ubushobozi bushya: Kongera ubushobozi bwo gutunganya ibikomoka kuri koke ku isi mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati no mu Buhinde (biteganijwe mu mpera za 2025) bizagabanya icyuho cy’ingufu za koke zikomoka kuri sulfur nkeya kugeza kuri 5%, bishobora kugabanya ibiciro.
• Kunoza Imiterere y’Ibikenewe: Isoko rya grafiti karemano ryazamutse kuva kuri 15% kugera kuri 25% (kubera inyungu z’ikiguzi), mu gihe umugabane w’ibikomoka kuri silicon-based/hard carbon anodes wiyongereye kuva kuri 5% kugera kuri 15%, bigabanya kwishingikiriza kuri coke ya peteroli.

Ubufatanye bw'igihe kirekire bushingiye ku ikoranabuhanga

• Gucuruza Anode Ishingiye kuri Silicon: Niba anode za CVD za silicon-carbon zigeze ku kwiyongera, ubushobozi bwazo bwo mu by'imitekerereze (4.200 mAh / g) bushobora kugabanya igipimo cy'ikiguzi cya peteroli, nubwo imbogamizi nko kuba nta musaruro mwiza wo gusohora umuriro mbere ndetse n'uburemere bw'imikorere biracyari.
• Iterambere ry’ibidukikije n’ibikomoka kuri karuboni nke: Gukoresha grafiti, inzira ikoresha ingufu nyinshi, ihura n’ibipimo bikomeye byo gukoresha ingufu. Gukoresha ubucuruzi bw’amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y’izuba/umuyaga cyangwa karuboni bizaba ingenzi mu kubona ibipimo by’umusaruro no kongera agaciro k’ibidukikije by’umusaruro.

IV. Umwanzuro: "Intambara" nk'igishoro cyo kuvugurura uruhererekane rw'inganda

"Intambara y'umutungo wa karuboni" hagati ya koke ya peteroli na anode ya bateri ya lithiamu-ion isa nkaho ari ikibazo cy'ibura ry'umutungo ariko, mu by'ukuri, ni ihinduka rikomeye ku ihinduka ry'uruhererekane rw'inganda kuva ku kwaguka gukomeye kugera ku bikorwa byoroshye. Amasosiyete y'Abashinwa arimo kunyura mu nzira igororotse (ibice by'inganda zitunganya irangi, mu mahanga), ihinduka ry'ikoranabuhanga (anode zishingiye kuri silicon, karuboni ikomeye), no ku isi yose. Iyi "mvura y'umukara ya zahabu" ishobora kubyara ibihangange by'ibikoresho bya bateri ya lithiamu ku isi, ibisubizo bihishwe mu iterambere ritaha ry'ikoranabuhanga (urugero, anode zishingiye kuri silicon nyinshi) cyangwa kugura umutungo (urugero, kugura uruganda rwo mu mahanga rutunganya irangi).