Ubwa mbere, isesengura ry'ibiciro
Mu gihembwe cya mbere cya 2021, ibiciro bya electrode ya grafiti mu Bushinwa birakomeye, ahanini byungukira ku giciro cyo hejuru cy'ibikoresho fatizo, bitera izamuka rihoraho ry'igiciro cya electrode ya grafiti, igitutu cy'umusaruro w'ibigo, ubushake bw'ibiciro ku isoko ni bwinshi, kandi gutanga ibikoresho bito n'ibiciriritse ni bike, ibi bikaba bigira akamaro ku izamuka rusange ry'igiciro cya electrode ya grafiti.
Isoko rya electrode ya grafiti mu Bushinwa mu gihembwe cya kabiri nyuma yo kuzamuka cyane. Izamuka ryihuse ryagaragaye cyane muri Mata, inganda z'ibyuma zatangiye icyiciro gishya cyo gupiganira amasoko, inganda z'ibyuma zikora amashanyarazi zo mu itanura ry'amashanyarazi zifite inyungu nyinshi kandi zitangira neza, zikeneye electrode ya grafiti. Ku rundi ruhande, Inner Mongolia ikoresha ingufu ebyiri, graphite itangwa ni nke, kandi electrode ya grafiti itangwa iragabanuka, bikongera imbaraga z'igiciro cya electrode ya grafiti. Ariko, kuva muri Gicurasi kugeza muri Kamena, ibiciro bya peteroli bya coke ni bibi, hamwe no kugabanya igiciro, ibiciro bya electrode ya grafiti biragabanuka.
Mu gihembwe cya gatatu, igiciro cya electrode ya grafiti mu Bushinwa cyari gihagaze neza kandi gito, kandi igihe cyo gukenera ibikoresho bisanzwe, hamwe n’ubwinshi bw’ibikoresho, ukudahuza kw’ibikoresho n’ibikenewe byatumye ibiciro bya electrode ya grafiti bigabanuka. Ku bijyanye n’ibikoresho fatizo, igiciro gikomeje kuzamuka, kandi bitewe n’igitutu cy’ikiguzi, igiciro cya electrode ya grafiti kirakomeye. Ariko, bimwe mu bigo bicuruza electrode ya grafiti byihutisha gusohora ububiko no kugaruza amafaranga, bigatuma ibiciro bya electrode ya grafiti bigabanuka mu ntangiriro no mu mpera z’igihembwe cya gatatu.
Mu gihembwe cya kane, bitewe n’ingaruka z’umusaruro w’imbere mu gihugu n’igabanuka ry’amashanyarazi, ibiciro by’ibikoresho fatizo byo mu gihugu byakomeje kuzamuka, aho amavuta ya sulfur ari make, asphalt yazamutse cyane, igiciro cy’amashanyarazi kiri hejuru, Mongolia y’imbere n’ahandi hantu haboneka graphite ni gito kandi igiciro kiri hejuru, ikiguzi cyazamuye igiciro cya electrodes za grafiti mu Bushinwa. Nyamara, nubwo umusaruro n’umupaka w’ingufu byagize ingaruka ku bigo bya electrodes za grafiti, ariko ibyuma by’amashanyarazi byatangiye kuzamuka bikagira inyungu nto, ariko nanone byatumye isoko rigabanuka, isoko rigabanuka, ibiciro biragabanuka, ibiciro biragabanuka. Nta busabe buhari, gusa ibiciro biragabanuka, kandi izamuka ry’ibiciro ntirigira inkunga ihamye, bityo ibiciro bigabanuka mu gihe gito byabaye ibintu bisanzwe rimwe na rimwe.
Muri rusange, ihungabana rusange ry’isoko rya electrode ya grafiti mu Bushinwa mu 2021 rirakomeye. Ku ruhande rumwe, ibiciro by’ibikoresho fatizo bizamura izamuka n’igabanuka ry’ikiguzi cya electrode ya grafiti, naho ku rundi ruhande, inyubako n’inyungu by’inganda zikora ibyuma bikoresha amashanyarazi byatumye igiciro cya electrode ya grafiti kizamuka kandi kigabanuka. Izamuka n’igabanuka ry’isoko rya electrode ya grafiti mu 2021 byashyize ku ruhande ingaruka z’isoko, zigaragaza ikiguzi cy’ibikoresho fatizo n’ibikenewe, bisobanura ihindagurika ry’ibiciro bya electrode ya grafiti mu mwaka wose.
II. Isesengura ry'ibiciro n'inyungu
Ukurikije isesengura ry’ibiciro bya electrode ya grafiti ifite ingufu nyinshi, muri Jiangsu electrode ya grafiti ifite ingufu nyinshi 500, urugero, inyungu y’igihembwe cya kabiri cya Gicurasi yageze kuri yuan 5229 / toni, iya gatatu Nzeri ikaba ari yuan 1008 / toni, ukurikije uko isoko rya 2021 rihagaze, inyungu ya electrode ya grafiti ifite ingufu nyinshi ikomeza iterambere ryiza, ugereranyije na 2018-2020, inganda za electrode za grafiti mu Bushinwa zinjiye mu cyiciro cy’iterambere ryiza.
Dukurikije ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi ku bijyanye n’imari bya Fangda Carbon mu bihembwe bitatu bya mbere bya 2021, igipimo cy’izamuka ry’inyungu cyari 71.91% mu gihembwe cya mbere, 205.38% mu gihembwe cya kabiri, na 83.85% mu gihembwe cya gatatu. Igihembwe cya kabiri cya 2021 nacyo ni igihe cy’izamuka ry’inyungu ryihuse.
Icya gatatu, isesengura ry'ibikenewe
(1) Ibijyanye n'amahanga
Mu 2021, biteganijwe ko electrode ya grafiti yoherezwa mu mahanga mu Bushinwa izagera kuri toni 400.000, bizamukaho 19.55% ugereranyije n'umwaka, birenga urwego rwo mu 2020. Kuva muri Mutarama kugeza Ugushyingo, amakuru y'ibyoherezwa mu mahanga ageze kuri toni 391.200. Muri 2021, ahanini yibasirwa n'ibintu bihoraho by'icyorezo cy'imbere mu gihugu, kandi imirimo yose ikorwa neza, bikongera umubare w'ibyoherezwa mu mahanga.
Mu 2021, ubukungu bw’Ubushinwa mu kohereza electrode ya grafiti muri rusange bwari bukomeye, kuva isoko ry’ubukungu ku isi ryatangiye, ugereranije n’isoko ryo mu 2021 na 2019, ryagaragaje itandukaniro rikomeye, 2019, ubwo Ubushinwa bwoherezaga electrode ya grafiti mu kohereza electrode ya grafiti mu 2019 bwibandaga cyane cyane hagati ya Werurwe-Nzeri, Werurwe-Nyakanga, ubwoherezaga electrode ya grafiti mu kohereza electrode bwiyongera, ubwoherezwaga muri Werurwe-Nzeri bwigarurira 66.84% by’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga buri mwaka, kandi muri 2021, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bihagaze neza kandi bikennye, Werurwe na Ugushyingo usibye iterambere ryihuse, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga muri rusange buri gihembwe bingana.
(2) Ibikenewe mu gihugu
Inzego zibishinzwe zashyize ahagaragara: mu 2021, umusaruro w’icyuma gikozwe mu Bushinwa wari toni miliyari 1.040, wagabanutseho 2.3% ugereranyije n’umwaka, icyifuzo cy’amashanyarazi ya grafiti mu Bushinwa cyari toni 607.400, naho mu 2021, umusaruro w’amashanyarazi ya grafiti mu Bushinwa witezwe kurenza toni miliyoni 1.2.
Ukurikije ibyo abantu bo mu gihugu no mu mahanga bakeneye ubu, electrode za grafiti zo mu Bushinwa ziri mu rugero rwo hejuru cyane. Byanatumye kandi igiciro cya electrode ya grafiti yo mu gihugu kirushaho kugorana kugaruka mu gihe cy'inyungu nyinshi.
Icyerekezo cy'isoko rya electrode ya grafiti mu gihugu mu 2022
Umusaruro: muri Mutarama-Gashyantare, ibigo bikomeye bikora electrode ya grafiti bigumana umusaruro usanzwe, ariko uko imicungire yo kurengera ibidukikije mu gihe cy'itumba yegereje, muri Mutarama, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Liaoning n'ahandi hazahura n'uburyo umusaruro ukomeza kubungabungwa, isoko rigatangira kugabanuka kandi rigakomeza kuba rike, nyuma ya Werurwe isoko rya electrode ya grafiti muri rusange isoko ry'amashanyarazi rizaba rito.
Ibicuruzwa, mu gihembwe cya kane cya 2021, icyifuzo cy'isoko ntabwo cyari giteganijwe, icyifuzo cy'isoko ry'amahanga cyongeye kugaragara, ububiko bw'ibikoresho by'umwaka mushya ntabwo bukomeye, ububiko bw'ibikoresho bya graphite electrode, nubwo bimwe mu bigo byihutisha kugabanya imari, ariko kuzamuka kw'ibikenewe ntabwo bigaragara, kandi byihutishije ipiganwa ribi ku isoko, ububiko ntabwo buri hejuru, ariko ibitekerezo biragaragara cyane.
Ku bijyanye n'ubusabe, ubuso bw'isoko ry'amashanyarazi ya grafiti mu Bushinwa bugaragara cyane cyane ku isoko ry'ibyuma, isoko ryo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga ndetse n'isoko ry'ibyuma na silikoni. Isoko ry'icyuma n'ibyuma: kuva muri Mutarama kugeza muri Gashyantare, isoko ry'icyuma ryatangiye kugabanuka, electrode ya grafiti y'uruganda rw'icyuma rusanzwe ifite ububiko bw'ibikoresho bya mbere, uruganda rw'icyuma rukora amashanyarazi rwatangiye cyangwa muri rusange, mu gihe gito, ubushake rusange bwo kugura ibikoresho by'icyuma ntabwo bukomeye, mu gihe gito, ubusabe busanzwe bwo hasi bugira ingaruka nke ku isoko ry'amashanyarazi ya grafiti. Isoko rya silikoni: Inganda za silikoni ntizarengeje igihe cy'izuba. Mu gihe gito, inganda za silikoni z'icyuma zikomeje gutangira kugabanuka mbere y'umwaka, kandi ubusabe bwa electrodes za grafiti bukomeje kuba ingenzi mbere y'umwaka.
Ku bijyanye no kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga, ibicuruzwa bitwara amato biracyari hejuru, kandi abahanga mu by’ubuhanga biteganijwe ko igipimo cy’imizigo kizakomeza kwiyongera mu gihe runaka, gishobora kugabanuka mu 2022. Byongeye kandi, ubucucike bw’ibyambu ku isi bwabaye ahagana mu 2021. Urugero, mu Burayi no muri Aziya y’Iburasirazuba, ubukererwe bw’iminsi 18, 20% biruta mbere, bigatuma ibiciro byo gutwara ibintu byiyongera. Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi wakoze iperereza ku kurwanya ijugunywa ry’ibicuruzwa ku mashanyarazi yo mu Bushinwa. Ku Bushinwa
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama 10-2022