Gushushanya (graphitization) ni iki?
Graphitization ni inzira y’inganda aho karuboni ihinduka graphite. Iyi ni impinduka mu miterere y’ibintu bibaho mu byuma bya karuboni cyangwa ibyuma bidafite aloyi nyinshi bihura n’ubushyuhe bwa dogere selisiyusi 425 kugeza 550 mu gihe kirekire, urugero nk’amasaha 1.000. Ubu ni ubwoko bwo kugabanuka kw’ibintu. Urugero, imiterere y’ibyuma bya karuboni-molybdenum akenshi iba irimo pearlite (uruvange rwa ferrite na cementite). Iyo ibikoresho bihinduwe graphitization, bituma pearlite ibora ikaba ferrite hanyuma graphite igatatana mu buryo butunguranye. Ibi bituma icyuma kigabanuka kandi imbaraga zikagabanuka iyo utu duce twa graphite dukwirakwijwe mu buryo butunguranye muri matrix. Ariko, dushobora gukumira graphitization dukoresheje ibikoresho bifite ubushobozi bwo guhangana cyane na graphitization. Byongeye kandi, dushobora guhindura ibidukikije, urugero, twongera pH cyangwa tukagabanya chloride. Ubundi buryo bwo gukumira graphitization burimo gukoresha irangi. Kurinda icyuma gikozwe muri cathodic.
Guhindura carbonization ni iki?
Karuboni ni inzira y’inganda aho ibintu by’umwimerere bihinduka karuboni. Ibintu by’umwimerere turimo gusuzuma hano birimo intumbi z’ibimera n’inyamaswa. Iyi nzira ibaho hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gusya ibintu. Iyi ni reaction ya pyrolytic kandi ifatwa nk'inzira igoye aho ibikorwa byinshi bya shimi bishobora kugaragara icyarimwe. Urugero, gutakaza amazi, guhumeka, kwimura karuboni na isomerization. Uburyo bwa karuboni butandukanye n'uburyo bwa karuboni kuko karuboni ni inzira yihuta kuko ikora ibintu byinshi byihuse. Muri rusange, ingano y'ubushyuhe bukoreshwa ishobora kugenzura urwego rwa karuboni n'ingano y'ibintu by'amahanga bisigaye. Urugero, ingano ya karuboni mu bisigazwa ni hafi 90% by'uburemere kuri 1200K na hafi 99% by'uburemere kuri hafi 1600K. Muri rusange, karuboni ni reaction ya exothermic, ishobora gusigara yonyine cyangwa igakoreshwa nk'isoko y'ingufu nta gasongero k'umwuka wa karuboni. Ariko, niba ibintu by'ibinyabuzima bihuye n'impinduka zitunguranye mu bushyuhe (nk'igihe habaye iturika rya kirimbuzi), ibintu by'ibinyabuzima bizahinduka karuboni vuba bishoboka kandi bibe karuboni ikomeye.
Guhindura imiterere y'ibara ry'umukara (graphitization) bisa no guhindura imiterere y'ibara rya karuboni
Byombi ni inzira z'ingenzi mu nganda zikoresha karubone nk'ikintu kiyitera ingaruka cyangwa umusaruro.
Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya graphitization na carbonization?
Guhindura imiterere y'ibintu mu buryo bwa graphite no guhindura imiterere y'ibintu mu buryo bwa carbonique ni inzira ebyiri z'inganda. Itandukaniro rikomeye riri hagati yo guhindura imiterere y'ibintu mu buryo bwa carbonique no guhindura imiterere y'ibintu mu buryo bwa graphique ni uko guhindura imiterere y'ibintu mu buryo bwa organic bihinduka karubone, mu gihe guhindura imiterere y'ibintu mu buryo bwa graphite bihindura karubone muri karubone. Bityo, guhindura imiterere y'ibintu mu buryo bwa chemical ni impinduka mu buryo bwa shimi, mu gihe guhindura imiterere y'ibintu mu buryo bwa graphique ari impinduka mu buryo bwa microstructure.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: 29 Nzeri 2021