Koke ya peteroli ifite calcium nyinshi (ifite calcium cyangwa idafite calcium) igomba kugenzurwa ubushyuhe bw'imizigo yayo mbere yo kuyipakira kuko ishyirwa mu cyiciro cya B cy'imizigo ikomeye y'itsinda ry'abantu nk'uko biteganywa n'amategeko ya IMSBC Code hamwe n'ingaruka zo gushyushya ubwabyo no gutwika mu buryo butunguranye. Ubushyuhe budagenzurwa bushobora gutera inkongi cyangwa guturika, ari nayo mpamvu amategeko ashyiraho "imirongo itukura" isobanutse neza ku bushyuhe bw'imizigo.
1. Ingaruka nyamukuru: Kwishyushya → Gutwika mu buryo butunguranye → Umuriro
Nubwo coke ya calcium yatunganyijwe kuri 1.200–1.350°C kandi ikaba ifite ibintu bike cyane bihindagurika, coke ya peteroli idafite calcium cyangwa igice cya calcium iracyafite ingano nto y’ibintu bishya bishobora gushya hamwe na sulfure. Iyo irundanye, ibi bintu bihura n’ingaruka mbi za ogisijeni mu kirere. Iyo ubushyuhe buturutse ku bintu budashobora gushira uko igihe kigenda, bukomeza kwirundanya mu kirundo cy’imizigo, bigatuma ubushyuhe bukomeza kwiyongera - ibi biba ari ukwishyushya. Iyo ubushyuhe bumaze kurenga aho bugeze, habaho gushya mu buryo butunguranye.
Gushyushya ubwabyo binateza ibyago bibiri: icya mbere, bikoresha ogisijeni mu bubiko bw'imizigo kandi bigasohora imyuka ihumanya nka monoxyde de carbone, bigashyira mu kaga umutekano w'abakozi; icya kabiri, bitanga imyuka myinshi ihumanya nka dioxyde de sulfur, bikangiza imiterere y'ubwato.
2. Ibisabwa mu kugenzura ubushyuhe hakurikijwe amategeko ya IMSBC (Amategeko asabwa)
Dukurikije ibivugwa naKode Mpuzamahanga y'Imizigo Ikomeye yo mu Nyanja(IMSBC Code) n'ibisabwa mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'UbushinwaAmabwiriza yerekeye umutekano wo kugenzura no gucunga imizigo ikomeye mu mazi, kugenzura ubushyuhe bwa peteroli ya coke ifite amategeko akomeye akurikira:
1) Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru: ntibugomba kurenga 107°C
Amategeko avuga neza: niba ubushyuhe bw'imizigo burenze 107°C, ntabwo igomba gupakirwa. Uyu ni umurongo utukura rwose udashobora kurengaho mu buryo ubwo aribwo bwose.
2) Irengero ry'ubushyuhe bwo gupakira: ntabwo burenze "ubushyuhe bw'ikirere + 10°C" cyangwa 55°C (icyo ari cyo cyose kiri munsi)
Gupakira byemewe gusa iyo ubushyuhe bw'imizigo butari hejuru y'ubushyuhe buri hafi y'aho ushyize hamwe na 10°C, cyangwa butari hejuru ya 55°C - icyo ari cyo cyose cyaba kiri hasi. Ibi bivuze ko mu bihe by'ubushyuhe (urugero, mu mpeshyi aho ubushyuhe bw'ubwato bushobora kurenza 50°C), ubushyuhe bw'imizigo bugomba kugabanuka mbere yo gupakira.
3) Ibisabwa mu gupakira imizigo mu buryo bw'ibice bitandukanye ku mutwaro ushyushye cyane
Mu gihe upakiye imizigo kuri dogere selisiyusi 55 cyangwa irenga ifite ubujyakuzimu burenga metero 1.0, urwego rw'ibikoresho bikonje rufite ubugari bwa metero 0.6–1.0 rutarengeje dogere selisiyusi 44 rugomba kubanza gushyirwaho nk'aho ari "agasanduku k'ubushyuhe" mbere yuko ibikoresho bishyushye bishyirwa hejuru. Ibi birinda ubushyuhe buva mu gitereko cy'imizigo ishyushye kuzamuka no gutwika ibice byegeranye cyangwa kugira ingaruka ku miterere y'ubwato.
4) Ibisabwa byihariye mu gupakira ibigega bya peteroli hejuru y'ibigega
Iyo ahantu imizigo iri hejuru y’ikigega cy’imizigo kirimo amavuta ya lisansi gifite ubushyuhe buri munsi ya 93°C, hagomba kubanza gushyirwamo urwego rukonje rufite nibura metero 0.6 z’ubugari kandi rutarengeje 44°C mbere yuko hashyirwa hejuru ya coke ishyushye iri hejuru ya 55°C. Intego ni ukurinda ubushyuhe kunyura mu gice cy’ikigega cy’imizigo no gutwika umwuka wa lisansi.
5) Umuyobozi agomba gushyira ibimenyetso bivuga ngo “Uburinzi bw'ubushyuhe bwinshi” hafi y'aho imizigo ishyirwa
Iki ni itegeko risabwa, rigamije kwemeza ko abakozi bose n'abakozi bashinzwe ubutabazi bahita bamenya ko icyo cyumba gifite ibyago byo kubura ubushyuhe bwinshi.
3. Impamvu "Kugenzura ubushyuhe" ari ingenzi cyane kurusha izindi ngamba
Urebye impanuka nyazo, inyinshi mu mpanuka zo mu mazi ziterwa na peteroli nyinshi ntiziterwa n’ibibazo bivuka mu rugendo - ibyago biba byaramaze gushyirwa mu gihe cyo gupakira. Iyo imizigo y’imizigo ihuye n’izuba ryinshi ku kibuga cy’indege igihe kirekire cyane, ubushyuhe bw’imbere mu modoka bushobora kuzamuka byoroshye bukagera kuri dogere selisiyusi 80–100 cyangwa bukarenga. Iyo imaze gupakira kuri ubwo bushyuhe, nta mwuka uhagije wo guhumeka mu rugendo n’ubushyuhe budashobora gucika, imizigo ishobora guca mu gice cy’umuriro mu minsi mike gusa.
Kubwibyo, kugenzura ubushyuhe bw'imizigo ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo guhagarika uburyo umuyoboro wishyushya wikora ku isoko. Ishingiro ry'amategeko rirasobanutse: aho kugerageza gukonjesha, gufunga aho ufungira, no kohereza abantu mu bikoresho byo guhumeka kurwanya umuriro mu nyanja (ku giciro kinini kandi mu kaga gakomeye), ni byiza cyane kugabanya ubushyuhe buri munsi y'umurongo w'umutekano mbere yuko imizigo yinjira mu bwato.
4. Incamake y'interuro imwe
Koke ya peteroli ifite kalisiyumu nyinshi isaba kugenzura ubushyuhe bw'imizigo mbere yo kuyipakira kuko ifite imiterere yo kuyishyushya ubwayo no kuyitwika mu buryo butunguranye; Kode ya IMSBC ishyiraho umurongo ntarengwa wa 107°C udatwara imizigo, imiterere yo kuyipakira ya 55°C / ambient + 10°C, hamwe n'uburyo bwo kuyipakira ku mubyimba ushyushye cyane - byose bigamije gukuraho inkongi z'imizigo, imyuka ihumanya, n'ibiza byo kugabanuka kwa ogisijeni kuva aho iyipakira.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-14-2026