Kuki hari itandukaniro rinini mu mikorere kandi byose bikomoka kuri peteroli? Ni iki mu by'ukuri cyahindutse ku buhanga bwa "graphitization" kuri 3000℃?

Gutunganya imiterere y'imashini, binyuze mu kuvura ubushyuhe bwinshi kuri 3000℃, bihindura atome za karuboni muri peteroli coke kuva ku gipimo cy’imashini idafite aho ihuriye ikajya mu gipimo cya grafiti gifite imiterere ihanitse, byongera cyane imikorere yayo y'amashanyarazi, imikorere y'ubushyuhe, kugabanya ubwiyongere bw'amashanyarazi n'ivu, ndetse binanongera imiterere ya mekanike n'ubudahangarwa bw'imiti. Ibi bitanga itandukaniro rikomeye mu mikorere hagati ya peteroli coke ifite imiterere ihanitse na peteroli coke isanzwe. Isesengura rirambuye ni iri rikurikira:

1. Gutunganya Imiterere y'Ibikoresho: Kuva ku Rudubi Ujya ku Rutonde

Coke isanzwe ya peteroli: Ikorwa binyuze mu gutinda gucoca ibisigazwa bya peteroli, atome zayo za karuboni zitunganijwe mu buryo butameze neza, zifite inenge nyinshi n'imyanda, zigakora imiterere isa n' "gushyira hamwe kw'ibice by'urukiramende." Iyi miterere ibangamira urujya n'uruza rwa elegitoroniki kandi ikagabanya ubushobozi bwo kohereza ubushyuhe, mu gihe imyanda (nk'isuri n'ivu) irushaho kubangamira imikorere.
Koke ya Peteroli ifite Graphitized: Nyuma yo kuvurwa mu bushyuhe bwinshi kuri 3000℃, atome za karuboni zikwirakwira no kuvugururwa binyuze mu gukora ubushyuhe, zigakora imiterere isa na graphite. Muri iyi miterere, atome za karuboni zitondetse mu muyoboro wa hexagonal, hamwe n'imiterere ihujwe n'imbaraga za van der Waals, bigatuma habaho kristu itunganyijwe cyane. Iri hinduka rimeze nk'"gutunganya impapuro zitatanye mu bitabo byiza," bigatuma electron n'ubushyuhe birushaho kuba byiza.

2. Uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo kunoza imikorere

Ubushobozi bwo gutwara amashanyarazi: Ubushobozi bwo gutwara amashanyarazi bwa coke ya peteroli ya grafitised bugabanuka cyane, kandi ubushobozi bwo gutwara amashanyarazi bwa coke isanzwe ya peteroli buruta ubw'imashini isanzwe ya peteroli. Ibi biterwa nuko imiterere yayo igabanyije imiterere igabanya gukwirakwira kwa electron, bigatuma electron zigenda mu bwisanzure. Urugero, mu bikoresho bya electrode ya bateri, coke ya peteroli ya grafitised ishobora gutanga umusaruro uhamye w'amashanyarazi.
Uburyo bwo gutwara ubushyuhe: Atome za karuboni zitondetse neza mu miterere y’ibice by’ingenzi byorohereza kwimura ubushyuhe vuba binyuze mu mihindagurikire ya lattice. Iyi miterere ituma coke ya peteroli ya grafiti iba nziza cyane mu bikoresho bikwirakwiza ubushyuhe, nk'ibicanwa by'ubushyuhe ku bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga.
Imiterere ya Mekanike: Imiterere ya kristali ya graphitized petroleum coke iwugira ubukana bwinshi no kudashira, mu gihe igumana ubushobozi bwo koroha, bigatuma idacika intege.
Gukomera mu binyabutabire: Gukoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi bikuraho imyanda myinshi (nk'ifu n'umukungugu), bigabanya umubare w'ahantu hakoreshwa ibinyabutabire kandi bigatuma peteroli ya graphised coke ikomera mu bidukikije byangiza.

3. Guhitamo mu buryo butandukanye ikoreshwa ry'ibintu

Coke isanzwe ya peteroli: Bitewe n'igiciro cyayo gito, ikunze gukoreshwa mu bintu bidasaba imikorere ikomeye, nka lisansi, ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi bw'umuhanda, cyangwa nk'ibikoresho fatizo byo gutunganya graphite.
Coke ya peteroli ifite grafiti: Kubera ko ifite ubushobozi bwo gutwara amashanyarazi buhanitse, ubushobozi bwo gutwara ubushyuhe, ndetse n'ubudahangarwa bw'ibinyabutabire, ikoreshwa cyane mu bintu byo mu rwego rwo hejuru:

• Electrode za Bateri: Nk'ibikoresho bya electrode mbi, byongera imikorere myiza yo gusharija no gusohora amashanyarazi ndetse n'ubuzima bw'imikorere ya bateri.
• Inganda zikora ibyuma: Nk'icyuma gikoresha kaburizeri, gihindura ingano ya karuboni mu byuma bishongeshejwe kandi kikanoza imiterere y'icyuma.
• Gukora ibikoresho bya semiconductor: Ikoreshwa mu gukora ibikoresho bya grafiti bifite isuku nyinshi, ihaza ibyifuzo byo gukora neza.
• Iby’ikirere: Bikora nk'ibikoresho birinda ubushyuhe, bihangana n'ubushyuhe bwinshi cyane.

4. Inshingano z'ingenzi za gahunda yo gushushanya imiterere y'ibishushanyo mbonera (Graphitization)

Kugenzura ubushyuhe: 3000℃ ni urugero rw'ubushyuhe rw'ingenzi mu gushushanya. Munsi y'ubu bushyuhe, atome za karuboni ntizishobora kongera gutunganya neza, bigatuma urwego rwa graphitization rudahagije; hejuru y'ubu bushyuhe, gutwika cyane kw'ibintu bishobora kubaho, bigagira ingaruka ku mikorere.
Kurinda ikirere: Ubusanzwe iki gikorwa gikorerwa mu kirere kidakora neza, nka argon cyangwa azote, kugira ngo hatagira atome za karuboni zikorana na ogisijeni kugira ngo zikore dioxyde de carbone, ibi bikaba byatera igihombo cy’ibintu.
Igihe n'Ibikoresho Bikangura: Kongera igihe cyo kubika cyangwa kongeramo ibitera imbaraga (nka boron cyangwa titanium) bishobora kwihutisha inzira yo gukoresha graphitization, ariko byongera ikiguzi.