[Urushinge rwa kokiya] Gutanga no gusaba isesengura hamwe nibiranga iterambere rya kokiya y'urushinge mubushinwa
I. Ubushobozi bwisoko rya kokiya yubushinwa
Mu mwaka wa 2016, ku isi hose umusaruro wa kokiya y'urushinge wari toni miliyoni 1.07 / umwaka, naho Ubushinwa bukora kokiya y'urushinge bwari toni 350.000 / umwaka, bingana na 32.71% by'ubushobozi bwo ku isi. Kugeza mu 2021, ubushobozi bwo gukora ku isi hose bwa kokiya y'urushinge bwiyongereye bugera kuri toni miliyoni 3.36 / umwaka, muri bwo Ubushinwa bukora kokiya y'urushinge bwari toni miliyoni 2.29 / umwaka, bingana na 68.15% by’ubushobozi bw’umusaruro ku isi. Inganda z’Ubushinwa zikora inganda za kokiya inshinge ziyongereye kugera kuri 22. Ubushobozi rusange bw’ibikorwa by’inganda zo mu bwoko bwa kokiya zo mu gihugu byiyongereyeho 554.29% ugereranije n’umwaka wa 2016, mu gihe ubushobozi bwa kokiya y’urushinge rw’amahanga bwari buhagaze neza. Kugeza mu 2022, Ubushinwa butanga umusaruro wa kokiya y'urushinge bwiyongereye bugera kuri toni miliyoni 2.72, bwiyongera inshuro zigera kuri 7.7, kandi umubare w'abakora urushinge rwa kokiya mu Bushinwa wiyongereye ugera kuri 27, byerekana iterambere rinini ry’inganda, kandi ufata isi yose , igipimo cya kokiya y'urushinge mu Bushinwa ku isoko mpuzamahanga cyagiye cyiyongera uko umwaka utashye.
1. Ubushobozi bwo gukora amavuta ya kokiya y'urushinge
Ubushobozi bwo gukora kokiya y'urushinge rwa peteroli rwatangiye kwiyongera vuba guhera muri 2019. Kuva mu 2017 kugeza 2019, isoko ry’ubushinwa rya kokiya y’urushinge rwa peteroli ryiganjemo ingamba z’amakara, mu gihe iterambere rya kokiya y’urushinge rwa peteroli ryatinze. Byinshi mu bigo byari bisanzweho byashyizwe mu bikorwa nyuma y’umwaka wa 2018, kandi umusaruro w’inganda zikomoka kuri peteroli zikomoka kuri peteroli mu Bushinwa wageze kuri toni miliyoni 1.59 mu 2022. Umusaruro wakomeje kwiyongera uko umwaka utashye. Muri 2019, isoko ya electrode yamashanyarazi yamanutse cyane, kandi icyifuzo cya kokiya y'urushinge cyari gito. Mu 2022, kubera ingaruka z'icyorezo cya COVID-19 hamwe na Olempike yo mu gihe cy'imbeho n'ibindi bikorwa rusange, ibyifuzo byagabanutse, mu gihe ibiciro ari byinshi, inganda zidashishikajwe no gutanga umusaruro, kandi izamuka ry'umusaruro riratinda.
2. Ubushobozi bwo gukora amakara apima urushinge
Ubushobozi bwo gukora amakara yipima amakara nabwo bukomeza kwiyongera uko umwaka utashye, kuva kuri toni 350.000 muri 2017 ukagera kuri toni miliyoni 1.2 muri 2022. Kuva mu 2020, umugabane w’isoko ry’ibipimo by’amakara uragabanuka, kandi kokiya y'urushinge rwa peteroli ihinduka inzira nyamukuru ya kokiya y'urushinge. Ku bijyanye n’ibisohoka, byakomeje kwiyongera kuva 2017 kugeza 2019. Kuva muri 2020, ku ruhande rumwe, igiciro cyari kinini kandi inyungu zarahindutse. Kurundi ruhande, icyifuzo cya electrode ya grafite ntabwo cyari cyiza.
Ⅱ. Gusaba gusesengura urushinge Coke mu Bushinwa
1. Isesengura ryisoko ryibikoresho bya lithium
Uhereye ku musaruro utari mwiza, umusaruro ngarukamwaka w’ibintu bibi by’Ubushinwa wiyongereye kuva mu 2017 kugeza muri 2019. Muri 2020, bitewe n’izamuka ry’izamuka ry’isoko rya terefone yo hasi, itangira muri rusange ry’amashanyarazi ritangira kwiyongera, isoko ryiyongera cyane , hamwe na ordre de electrode mbi yinganda ziyongera, kandi muri rusange gutangiza imishinga bitangira vuba kandi bigakomeza umuvuduko wo hejuru. Mu 2021-2022, Ubushinwa bwasohoye ibikoresho bya lithium cathode bwerekanye iterambere riturika, bungukirwa no gukomeza kuzamura imiterere y’ubucuruzi bw’inganda ziva mu mahanga, iterambere ryihuse ry’isoko ry’imodoka nshya, kubika ingufu, gukoresha, ingufu nto n’andi masoko nabyo byagaragaje ko bitandukanye impamyabumenyi yo gukura, kandi nyamukuru inganda nini za cathode yibikoresho byakomeje umusaruro wuzuye. Biteganijwe ko umusaruro w’ibikoresho bibi bya electrode biteganijwe ko uzarenga toni miliyoni 1,1 mu 2022, kandi ibicuruzwa bikaba biri mu gihe gito, kandi ibyifuzo byo gukoresha ibikoresho bibi bya electrode ni byinshi.
Coke ya inshinge ninganda zo hejuru za batiri ya lithium nibikoresho bya anode, bifitanye isano rya bugufi niterambere rya batiri ya lithium nisoko ryibikoresho bya cathode. Imirima ikoreshwa ya batiri ya lithium ikubiyemo cyane ingufu za batiri, bateri yumuguzi na batiri yo kubika ingufu. Muri 2021, bateri z'amashanyarazi zizaba zingana na 68%, bateri zikoresha abaguzi kuri 22%, na bateri zibika ingufu kuri 10% byububiko bwa litiro ion yubushinwa.
Amashanyarazi ni igice cyibanze cyimodoka nshya. Mu myaka yashize, hamwe n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya politiki ya “karubone, itabogamye ya karubone”, inganda nshya z’imodoka z’Ubushinwa zatangije amahirwe mashya. Mu 2021, kugurisha ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu bigera kuri miliyoni 6.5, naho ibicuruzwa bya batiri byoherejwe bigera kuri 317GWh, byiyongera ku 100.63% umwaka ushize. Igurishwa ry’imodoka nshya y’Ubushinwa ryageze kuri miliyoni 3,52, naho ibicuruzwa bitanga amashanyarazi bigera kuri 226GWh, byiyongereyeho 182.50 ku ijana ku mwaka. Biteganijwe ko ibicuruzwa byoherejwe n’amashanyarazi ku isi bizagera kuri 1.550GWh muri 2025 na 3.000GWh mu 2030. Isoko ry’Ubushinwa rizakomeza umwanya waryo nkisoko rinini rya batiri nini ku isi rifite isoko rihamye rya 50%.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-21-2022