[Needle Coke] Isesengura ry'ibikenewe n'imiterere y'ikoreshwa rya needle coke mu Bushinwa
I. Ubushobozi bw'isoko rya Needle Coke mu Bushinwa
Mu 2016, ubushobozi bwo gukora inzoga ya needle coke ku isi bwari toni miliyoni 1.07 ku mwaka, naho ubushobozi bwo gukora inzoga ya needle coke mu Bushinwa bwari toni 350.000 ku mwaka, bingana na 32.71% by'ubushobozi bwo gukora ku isi. Mu 2021, ubushobozi bwo gukora inzoga ya needle coke ku isi bwariyongereye bugera kuri toni miliyoni 3.36 ku mwaka, muri zo ubushobozi bwo gukora inzoga ya needle coke mu Bushinwa bwari toni miliyoni 2.29 ku mwaka, bingana na 68.15% by'ubushobozi bwo gukora ku isi. Ibigo bitunganya inzoga ya needle coke mu Bushinwa byiyongereye bigera kuri 22. Ubushobozi bwose bwo gukora inzoga ya needle coke mu gihugu bwiyongereyeho 554.29% ugereranije no mu 2016, mu gihe ubushobozi bwo gukora inzoga ya needle coke yo mu mahanga bwari buhagaze neza. Mu 2022, ubushobozi bw'umusaruro wa needle coke mu Bushinwa bwiyongereye kugera kuri toni miliyoni 2.72, bingana n'inshuro zigera kuri 7.7, kandi umubare w'inganda zikora needle coke mu Bushinwa wiyongereye ugera kuri 27, bigaragaza iterambere rikomeye ry'inganda, kandi urebye ku isi yose, igipimo cya needle coke mu Bushinwa ku isoko mpuzamahanga cyakomeje kwiyongera uko umwaka utashye.
1. Ubushobozi bwo gukora amavuta ya needle coke
Ubushobozi bwo gukora peteroli ya Needle Coke bwatangiye kwiyongera cyane kuva mu 2019. Kuva mu 2017 kugeza 2019, isoko ry’ibikomoka kuri peteroli mu Bushinwa ryari ryiganjemo ibipimo by’amakara, mu gihe iterambere rya peteroli ya Needle Coke ryari rigenda buhoro. Ibyinshi mu bigo byari bihari byatangiye gukora nyuma ya 2018, kandi ubushobozi bwo gukora peteroli ya Needle Coke mu Bushinwa bwageze kuri toni miliyoni 1.59 mu 2022. Umusaruro wakomeje kwiyongera umwaka ku wundi. Mu 2019, isoko rya electrode ya grafiti ryagabanutse cyane, kandi icyifuzo cya needle coke cyari gito. Mu 2022, bitewe n’ingaruka z’icyorezo cya COVID-19 n’imikino Olempike y’itumba n’ibindi bikorwa rusange, icyifuzo cyaragabanutse, mu gihe ibiciro biri hejuru, ibigo nta musaruro uhagije wo gukora, kandi umusaruro uragenda buhoro.
2. Ubushobozi bwo gukora imashini yo gupima amakara yitwa “needle coke”
Ubushobozi bwo gukora imashini zipima amakara zikoresha imashini zipima amakara bukomeza kwiyongera buri mwaka, kuva kuri toni 350.000 mu 2017 kugera kuri toni miliyoni 1.2 mu 2022. Kuva mu 2020, isoko ry’imashini zipima amakara riragabanuka, maze imashini zipima amavuta zikoresha imashini zipima amakara ziba ingenzi muri imashini zipima amakara. Ku bijyanye n’umusaruro, yakomeje kwiyongera kuva mu 2017 kugeza 2019. Kuva mu 2020, ku ruhande rumwe, ikiguzi cyari kinini kandi inyungu yaragabanutse. Ku rundi ruhande, icyifuzo cya electrode ya grafiti nticyari cyiza.
Ⅱ. Isesengura ry'ibikenewe kuri sisitemu ya Coke mu Bushinwa
1. Isesengura ry'isoko ry'ibikoresho bya lithium anode
Kuva ku musaruro mubi w’ibikoresho, umusaruro w’umwaka w’ibikoresho bibi byo mu Bushinwa wariyongereye buhoro buhoro kuva mu 2017 kugeza 2019. Muri 2020, bitewe n’izamuka rihoraho ry’isoko ry’amashanyarazi, gutangira kwa bateri y’amashanyarazi muri rusange bitangira kwiyongera, icyifuzo cy’isoko kiriyongera cyane, kandi amabwiriza y’ibigo by’ibikoresho bibi byo mu bwoko bwa electrode ariyongera, kandi gutangira kwabyo muri rusange kwiyongera vuba kandi bikomeza gutera imbere. Muri 2021-2022, umusaruro w’ibikoresho bya cathode ya lithium mu Bushinwa wagaragaje iterambere rikomeye, yungukira mu iterambere rihoraho ry’ubucuruzi bw’inganda ziri munsi y’amazi, iterambere ryihuse ry’isoko ry’ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu, ububiko bw’ingufu, ikoreshwa ry’ingufu, ingufu nke n’andi masoko nabyo byagaragaje iterambere ritandukanye, kandi ibigo binini by’ibikoresho bya cathode byakomeje gukora neza. Biteganyijwe ko umusaruro w’ibikoresho bibi byo mu bwoko bwa electrode witezwe kurenza toni miliyoni 1.1 muri 2022, kandi umusaruro uri mu kigero gito, kandi amahirwe yo gukoresha ibikoresho bibi byo mu bwoko bwa electrode ni manini.
Ingano ya coke ni inganda zizamuka zikora bateri ya lithium na anode, ibi bikaba bifitanye isano rya hafi n’iterambere ry’isoko ry’ibikoresho bya bateri ya lithium na cathode. Inzego zikoreshwa muri bateri ya lithium zirimo bateri y’amashanyarazi, bateri y’abaguzi n’iy’ingufu. Mu 2021, bateri z’amashanyarazi zizaba 68%, bateri z’abaguzi 22%, na bateri z’ingufu 10% by’imiterere y’ibicuruzwa bya bateri ya lithium ion mu Bushinwa.
Bateri y'amashanyarazi ni igice cy'ingenzi cy'imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, hamwe no gushyira mu bikorwa politiki ya "gahunda ya karuboni, idafite karuboni", inganda nshya z'imodoka zikoresha ingufu mu Bushinwa zazanye amahirwe mashya mu mateka. Mu 2021, ku isi hose imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu zagurishijwe zageze kuri miliyoni 6.5, naho ibicuruzwa bya bateri zikoresha ingufu byageze kuri 317GWh, byiyongereyeho 100.63% ugereranyije n'umwaka. Ibicuruzwa bikoresha ingufu mu Bushinwa byagurishijwe byageze kuri miliyoni 3.52, naho ibicuruzwa bya bateri zikoresha ingufu byageze kuri 226GWh, byiyongereyeho 182.50% ugereranyije n'umwaka. Biteganijwe ko ibicuruzwa bya bateri zikoresha ingufu ku isi bizagera kuri 1.550GWh mu 2025 na 3.000GWh mu 2030. Isoko ry'Ubushinwa rizakomeza kuba isoko rinini ku isi rifite isoko rihamye rya bateri zikoresha ingufu ryarenga 50%.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: Ukuboza-21-2022