1.EDM ibiranga ibikoresho bya grafite.
1.1.Gusohora umuvuduko wo gutunganya.
Graphite ni ibikoresho bitari ibyuma bifite ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwo gushonga bwa 3, 650 ° C, mugihe umuringa ufite aho ushonga wa 1, 083 ° C, bityo electrode ya grafite irashobora kwihanganira ibihe bigezweho.
Iyo ahantu hasohokera hamwe nubunini bwa electrode nini nini, ibyiza byo gukora neza cyane gutunganya ibikoresho bya grafite biragaragara cyane.
Ubushyuhe bwumuriro wa grafite ni 1/3 cyumuringa, kandi ubushyuhe butangwa mugihe cyo gusohora burashobora gukoreshwa mugukuraho ibikoresho byicyuma neza. Kubwibyo, gutunganya neza grafite birarenze ibya electrode y'umuringa mugutunganya neza kandi neza.
Ukurikije ubunararibonye bwo gutunganya, umuvuduko wo gutunganya ibintu bya electrode ya grafite yihuta inshuro 1.5 ~ 2 kurenza iya electrode y'umuringa mugihe gikwiye.
1.2.Ikoreshwa rya elegitoronike.
Graphite electrode ifite imiterere ishobora kwihanganira ibihe biri hejuru, hiyongereyeho, mugihe gikwiye kugirango habeho imiterere ikaze, harimo ibyuma bya karuboni byakozwe mugihe cyo gukuramo imashini zirimo ibintu hamwe namazi akora mugihe cy'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwangirika bwa karubone, ingaruka za polarite, munsi igikorwa cyo kuvanaho igice mubirimo, ibice bya karubone bizakomeza kwizirika kuri electrode kugirango bibe urwego rukingira, byemeze electrode ya grafite mugihombo gito mumashini itoroshye, cyangwa "imyanda ya zeru".
Igihombo nyamukuru cya electrode muri EDM gituruka kumashini ikaze. Nubwo igipimo cyigihombo kiri hejuru mugihe cyo kurangiza, igihombo muri rusange nacyo kiri hasi kubera amafaranga make yo gutunganya yabitswe kubice.
Muri rusange, gutakaza electrode ya grafite ni munsi ya electrode y'umuringa mu gutunganya ibintu bigoye cyane kandi birenze gato ibya electrode y'umuringa mu kurangiza gutunganya. Gutakaza electrode ya grafite electrode irasa.
1.3.Ubuziranenge bwubuso.
Igice cya diameter yibikoresho bya grafite bigira ingaruka kuburyo butaziguye kuri EDM. Gitoya ya diameter ni, hepfo yubuso burashobora kuboneka.
Mu myaka mike ishize ukoresheje ibice bya phi 5 microne mubikoresho bya diameter ya grafite, ubuso bwiza bushobora kugera kuri edm ya VDI18 gusa (microni ya Ra0.8), muri iki gihe ingano yintete yibikoresho bya grafite yashoboye kugeraho muri microne 3 za phi, ubuso bwiza Irashobora kugera kuri VDI12 ihamye (Ra0.4 mu m) cyangwa urwego ruhanitse, ariko electrode ya grafite kugirango indorerwamo.
Ibikoresho byumuringa bifite ubushobozi buke bwo guhangana nuburyo bworoshye, kandi birashobora gutunganywa neza mubihe bigoye. Ubuso bwubuso bushobora kuba munsi ya m0.1, kandi birashobora gutunganywa nindorerwamo.
Rero, niba imashini isohora ikurikirana hejuru cyane, birakwiriye cyane gukoresha ibikoresho byumuringa nka electrode, ninyungu nyamukuru ya electrode y'umuringa kurenza electrode ya grafite.
Ariko electrode y'umuringa ukurikije imiterere nini igezweho, hejuru ya electrode iroroshye guhinduka, kugaragara ndetse no gucika, kandi ibikoresho bya grafite ntabwo byagira iki kibazo, ibisabwa hejuru ya VDI26 (microni ya Ra2.0) bijyanye no gutunganya ibumba, ukoresheje electrode ya grafite irashobora gukorwa kuva mubi kugeza gutunganya neza, ikamenya ingaruka imwe yubuso, ubusembwa bwubuso.
Mubyongeyeho, kubera imiterere itandukanye ya grafite na muringa, hejuru yubuso bwo gusohora ibintu byangirika bya electrode ya grafite nibisanzwe kuruta ibya electrode y'umuringa. Kubwibyo, iyo uburinganire bumwe bwa VDI20 cyangwa hejuru bwatunganijwe, ubunini bwubuso bwibikorwa byakozwe na electrode ya grafite biratandukanye, kandi iyi ngaruka yubutaka iruta ingaruka ziva kumashanyarazi ya electrode.
1.4. Gukora neza.
Coefficent yo kwagura ubushyuhe bwibikoresho bya grafite ni nto, coefficente yo kwagura ubushyuhe bwumuringa wibikoresho byumuringa bikubye inshuro 4 ibyo bikoresho bya grafite, bityo mugutunganya ibyasohotse, electrode ya grafite ntabwo ikunda guhindagurika kuruta electrode y'umuringa, ishobora kubona neza kandi gutunganya neza.
Cyane cyane iyo imbavu yimbitse kandi ifunganye itunganijwe, ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwaho butuma electrode y'umuringa yunama byoroshye, ariko electrode ya grafite ntabwo.
Kuri electrode y'umuringa ifite igipimo kinini cy'uburebure bwa diameter, agaciro kanini ko kwagura ubushyuhe bugomba kwishyurwa kugirango ikosore ingano mugihe cyo gutunganya imashini, mugihe electrode ya grafite idakenewe.
1.5.Uburemere bwa elegitoronike.
Ibikoresho bya grafite ntabwo ari bike cyane kuruta umuringa, kandi uburemere bwa electrode ya grafite yubunini bumwe ni 1/5 cyonyine cya electrode y'umuringa.
Birashobora kugaragara ko gukoresha grafite bikwiranye cyane na electrode nubunini bunini, bigabanya cyane umutwaro wa spindle yibikoresho bya mashini ya EDM. Electrode ntizatera ikibazo cyo gufatana bitewe nuburemere bwayo bunini, kandi izabyara kwimura deflection mu gutunganya, nibindi. Birashobora kugaragara ko ari ngombwa cyane gukoresha electrode ya grafite mugutunganya ibinini binini.
1.6.Electrode ingorane zo gukora.
Imikorere yo gutunganya ibikoresho bya grafite nibyiza. Kurwanya gukata ni 1/4 gusa cyumuringa. Mugihe gikwiye cyo gutunganya neza, imikorere yo gusya grafite electrode yikubye inshuro 2 ~ 3 za electrode y'umuringa.
Graphite electrode iroroshye gukuraho Angle, kandi irashobora gukoreshwa mugutunganya igihangano kigomba kurangizwa na electrode nyinshi muri electrode imwe.
Imiterere yihariye yibikoresho bya grafite birinda burrs kubaho nyuma yo gusya electrode no kuyikora, ishobora kuzuza neza ibisabwa kugirango ikoreshwe mugihe burr idakuweho byoroshye muburyo bwo kwerekana imiterere, bityo bikuraho inzira yo gutonesha intoki za electrode no kwirinda imiterere. impinduka nubunini bwatewe no guswera.
Twabibutsa ko, kubera ko grafite ari kwirundanya umukungugu, gusya grafite bizana umukungugu mwinshi, bityo imashini yo gusya igomba kuba ifite kashe hamwe nigikoresho cyo gukusanya ivumbi.
Niba ari ngombwa gukoresha edM mugutunganya grafite electrode, imikorere yayo yo gutunganya ntabwo ari nziza nkibikoresho byumuringa, kugabanya umuvuduko ni 40% gahoro kuruta umuringa.
1.7.Gushiraho amashanyarazi no gukoresha.
Igishushanyo mbonera gifite umutungo mwiza wo guhuza. Irashobora gukoreshwa muguhuza grafite hamwe nibikoresho byo gusya electrode no gusohora, bishobora kubika uburyo bwo gutunganya umwobo wibikoresho bya electrode kandi bigatwara igihe cyakazi.
Ibikoresho bya grafite birasa cyane, cyane cyane bito, bigufi kandi birebire bya electrode, byoroshye kumeneka iyo bikorewe imbaraga zo hanze mugihe cyo gukoresha, ariko birashobora guhita bimenya ko electrode yangiritse.
Niba ari electrode y'umuringa, izunama gusa kandi itavunika, ibyo ni bibi cyane kandi biragoye kuyibona mugikorwa cyo kuyikoresha, kandi bizagushikana byoroshye gusibanganya akazi.
1.8.Ibiciro.
Ibikoresho byumuringa ni umutungo udashobora kuvugururwa, ibiciro bizagenda birushaho kubahenze, mugihe igiciro cyibikoresho bya grafite gikunda guhagarara.
Igiciro cyibikoresho byumuringa byazamutse mumyaka yashize, abakora inganda zikomeye za grafite batezimbere inzira mugukora grafite bakora inyungu zayo zo guhatanira, ubu, mubunini bumwe, rusange mubiciro bya electrode ya electrode nigiciro cyibikoresho bya electrode y'umuringa ni byinshi, ariko igishushanyo gishobora kugera ku gutunganya neza, kuruta gukoresha electrode y'umuringa kugirango ubike amasaha menshi y'akazi, bihwanye no kugabanya igiciro cy'umusaruro mu buryo butaziguye.
Muri make, mubintu 8 biranga edM biranga electrode ya grafite, ibyiza byayo biragaragara: imikorere yo gusya electrode no gutunganya ibicuruzwa ni byiza cyane kuruta ibya electrode y'umuringa; electrode nini ifite uburemere buke, ihagaze neza murwego, electrode yoroheje ntabwo yoroshye guhindura, kandi imiterere yubuso iruta electrode y'umuringa.
Ikibi cyibikoresho bya grafite nuko bidakwiriye gutunganywa neza hejuru ya VDI12 (Ra0.4 m), kandi imikorere yo gukoresha edM kugirango ikore electrode iri hasi.
Nyamara, duhereye ku buryo bufatika, imwe mu mpamvu zingenzi zigira uruhare runini mu kuzamura neza ibikoresho bya grafite mu Bushinwa ni uko hakenewe imashini idasanzwe yo gutunganya grafite mu gusya electrode, itanga ibisabwa bishya ku bikoresho bitunganyirizwa mu nganda, imishinga mito mito. irashobora kutagira iyi miterere.
Muri rusange, ibyiza bya grafite electrode ikubiyemo ubwinshi bwibihe byo gutunganya edM, kandi birakwiriye kumenyekana no kubishyira mu bikorwa, hamwe ninyungu ndende ndende. Kubura gutunganya neza neza birashobora gukorwa no gukoresha electrode y'umuringa.
2.Guhitamo ibikoresho bya electrode ya electrode ya EDM
Kubikoresho bya grafite, hari cyane cyane ibipimo bine bikurikira byerekana neza imikorere yibikoresho:
1) Impuzandengo ya diameter yibikoresho
Impuzandengo ya diameter yibikoresho bigira ingaruka muburyo bwo gusohora ibintu.
Gutoya ugereranije impuzandengo y'ibikoresho bya grafite ni, uko gusohora ari kimwe, uko ibintu bisohoka bihagaze neza, ni byiza ubwiza bwubuso bwiza, kandi igihombo ni gito.
Ninini ugereranije impuzandengo yingirakamaro ni, igipimo cyiza cyo kuvanwaho gishobora kuboneka mugukora imashini itoroshye, ariko ingaruka zo kurangiza ni mbi kandi igihombo cya electrode nini.
2) Imbaraga zo kugonda ibikoresho
Imbaraga zihindagurika yibintu nigaragaza mu buryo butaziguye imbaraga zayo, byerekana ubukana bwimiterere yimbere.
Ibikoresho bifite imbaraga nyinshi bifite imikorere myiza yo kurwanya gusohora. Kuri electrode ifite ibisobanuro bihanitse, ibikoresho bifite imbaraga nziza bigomba guhitamo kure hashoboka.
3) Gukomera kw'ibikoresho
Graphite irakomeye kuruta ibikoresho byicyuma, kandi gutakaza igikoresho cyo gukata biruta ibyo gukata ibyuma.
Mugihe kimwe, ubukana bwinshi bwibikoresho bya grafite mugucunga igihombo ni byiza.
4) Kurwanya ibintu byihariye
Igipimo cyo gusohora ibikoresho bya grafite bifite imbaraga zo kwihanganira bizatinda kurenza ibyo kwihanganira bike.
Iyo urwego rwo hejuru rwirwanya, niko gutakaza electrode ntoya, ariko niko birwanya kwihanganira ibintu, ihinduka ry’isohoka rizagira ingaruka.
Kugeza ubu, hari amanota menshi atandukanye ya grafite aboneka ku isi itanga amasoko ya grafite.
Mubisanzwe ukurikije impuzandengo yimpuzandengo ya diameter yibikoresho bya grafite igomba gushyirwa mubice, diameter ya diameter ≤ 4 m isobanurwa nka grafite nziza, ibice muri 5 ~ 10 m bisobanurwa nka grafite yo hagati, ibice biri muri m 10 hejuru bisobanurwa nkibishushanyo mbonera.
Gutoya ya diameter ntoya, niko ibintu bihenze cyane, ibikoresho byiza bya grafite birashobora gutoranywa ukurikije ibisabwa nigiciro cya EDM.
3.Gukora amashanyarazi ya grafite
Graphite electrode ikorwa cyane cyane no gusya.
Duhereye ku buryo bwo gutunganya ikoranabuhanga, grafite n'umuringa ni ibikoresho bibiri bitandukanye, kandi ibintu bitandukanye byo gutema bigomba gutozwa.
Niba electrode ya grafite itunganijwe nuburyo bwa electrode y'umuringa, ibibazo byanze bikunze bizabaho, nko kuvunika kenshi kurupapuro, bisaba gukoresha ibikoresho bikwiye byo gukata no gukata ibipimo.
Gukora electrode ya grafite kuruta ibikoresho bya electrode yumuringa, ukurikije ubukungu, guhitamo igikoresho cya karbide nubukungu cyane, hitamo igikoresho cyo gutwikira diyama (cyitwa icyuma cya grafite) igiciro gihenze, ariko igikoresho cyo gutwikira diyama igihe kirekire cya serivisi, gutunganya neza, inyungu rusange mubukungu nibyiza.
Ingano yimbere Imfuruka yigikoresho nayo igira ingaruka mubuzima bwayo, 0 ° Imbere Imfuruka yigikoresho izaba igera kuri 50% hejuru ya 15 ° Imbere Imfuruka yubuzima bwa serivisi, guca ituze nabyo nibyiza, ariko kinini Inguni, ibyiza byo gutunganya neza, gukoresha 15 ° Inguni yigikoresho irashobora kugera kubutaka bwiza.
Umuvuduko wo guca mumashini urashobora guhindurwa ukurikije imiterere ya electrode, mubisanzwe 10m / min, bisa no gutunganya aluminium cyangwa plastike, igikoresho cyo gutema gishobora kuba kumurongo no hanze yakazi mugukora imashini itoroshye, hamwe nibintu bya Angle gusenyuka no gucamo ibice biroroshye kugaragara mugukora imashini, kandi inzira yicyuma cyoroshye kugenda byihuta.
Graphite electrode mugikorwa cyo gukata izatanga umukungugu mwinshi, kugirango wirinde ibice bya grafite byinjijwemo imashini ya spindle na screw, hari ibisubizo bibiri byingenzi kuri ubu, kimwe ni ugukoresha imashini idasanzwe yo gutunganya grafite, ikindi nikigo gisanzwe gitunganya gusubiramo, bifite ibikoresho bidasanzwe byo gukusanya ivumbi.
Imashini idasanzwe ya grafite yihuta yo gusya ku isoko ifite ubushobozi bwo gusya cyane kandi irashobora kurangiza byoroshye gukora inganda za electrode zigoye kandi zifite ubuziranenge kandi bwiza.
Niba EDM ikenewe kugirango ikore grafite electrode, birasabwa gukoresha ibikoresho byiza bya grafite hamwe na diameter ntoya.
Imikorere yo gutunganya grafite irakennye, ntoya ya diametre ntoya, niko uburyo bwo gutema bushobora kuboneka, kandi ibibazo bidasanzwe nko kumena insinga kenshi no kuruhande birashobora kwirindwa.
4.EDM ibipimo bya grafite electrode
Guhitamo ibipimo bya EDM bya grafite n'umuringa biratandukanye cyane.
Ibipimo bya EDM birimo cyane cyane ibigezweho, ubugari bwa pulse, icyuho cya pulse na polarite.
Ibikurikira bisobanura ishingiro ryo gukoresha neza ibipimo byingenzi.
Ubucucike bwa electrode ya grafite muri rusange ni 10 ~ 12 A / cm2, nini cyane kuruta iyo electrode y'umuringa. Kubwibyo, murwego rwimyanya yemerewe mukarere kajyanye, nini nini ihitamo, niko umuvuduko wo gutunganya ibishushanyo mbonera bizaba byihuse, igihombo cya electrode kizaba gito, ariko ubukana bwubuso buzaba bunini.
Ninini ubugari bwa pulse ni, igabanuka rya electrode rizaba.
Nyamara, ubugari bunini bwa pulse buzatuma itunganywa rikorwa nabi, kandi gutunganya umuvuduko gahoro hamwe nubuso bugoye.
Kugirango hamenyekane igihombo gito cya electrode mugihe cyo gutunganya ibintu, ubusanzwe ubugari bwa pulse nini burashobora gukoreshwa, bushobora kumenya neza uburyo bwo gutakaza igihombo gito cya electrode ya grafite mugihe agaciro kari hagati ya 100 na 300 US.
Kugirango ubone ubuso bwiza ningaruka zihamye zo gusohora, hagomba guhitamo ubugari buto bwa pulse.
Muri rusange, ubugari bwa pulse ya grafite electrode ni hafi 40% ugereranije na electrode y'umuringa
Ikinyuranyo cya pulse kigira ingaruka cyane cyane kumashanyarazi asohoka no gutunganya neza. Ninshi agaciro, niko gutunganya imashini bizaba byiza, bifasha kubona uburinganire bwiza, ariko umuvuduko wo gukora uzagabanuka.
Mugihe cyo kwemeza itunganywa rihamye, uburyo bwiza bwo gutunganya burashobora kuboneka muguhitamo icyuho gito, ariko mugihe leta isohoka idahindagurika, uburyo bwiza bwo gutunganya burashobora kuboneka muguhitamo icyuho kinini.
Muri grafite ya electrode isohora imashini, icyuho cya pulse nubugari bwa pulse mubisanzwe bishyirwa kuri 1: 1, mugihe mugukora imashini ya electrode y'umuringa, icyuho cya pulse n'ubugari bwa pulse mubisanzwe bishyirwa kuri 1: 3.
Mugihe cyo gutunganya grafite ihamye, igereranya rihuza icyuho cya pulse nubugari bwa pulse birashobora guhinduka kuri 2: 3.
Mugihe habaye impanuka ntoya, nibyiza gukora igipfundikizo hejuru ya electrode, ifasha kugabanya igihombo cya electrode.
Guhitamo polarite ya electrode ya grafite muri EDM ahanini ni kimwe na electrode y'umuringa.
Ukurikije ingaruka za polarite ya EDM, gutunganya polarite nziza mubisanzwe bikoreshwa mugutunganya ibyuma bipfa, ni ukuvuga ko electrode ihujwe na pole nziza yumuriro w'amashanyarazi, kandi igihangano cyahujwe na pole mbi yo gutanga amashanyarazi.
Ukoresheje ubugari bunini na pulse ubugari, guhitamo polarite nziza irashobora kugera kubihombo bya electrode nkeya cyane. Niba polarite yibeshye, igihombo cya electrode kizaba kinini cyane.
Gusa iyo ubuso busabwa gutunganywa neza munsi ya VDI18 (Ra0.8 m) kandi ubugari bwa pulse ni buto cyane, gutunganya polarite mbi ikoreshwa kugirango ubone ubuziranenge bwubuso, ariko igihombo cya electrode nini.
Noneho ibikoresho bya mashini ya CNC edM bifite ibikoresho bya grafite yo gusohora ibintu.
Gukoresha ibipimo byamashanyarazi bifite ubwenge kandi birashobora kubyara mu buryo bwikora na sisitemu yinzobere yibikoresho byimashini.
Mubisanzwe, imashini irashobora gushiraho uburyo bwiza bwo gutunganya ibintu muguhitamo ibintu bifatika, ubwoko bwa porogaramu, agaciro kangana hejuru no kwinjiza ahantu ho gutunganyirizwa, ubujyakuzimu bwimbitse, gupima ubunini bwa electrode, nibindi mugihe cyo gutangiza gahunda.
Shyira kuri grafite electrode yububiko bwibikoresho bya edm isomero rikungahaye cyane gutunganya ibintu, ubwoko bwibintu burashobora guhitamo mubishushanyo mbonera, igishushanyo, igishushanyo gihuye nibikoresho bitandukanye byakazi, kugirango ugabanye ubwoko bwibisabwa kubisanzwe, byimbitse, ingingo ityaye, nini agace, umwobo munini, nkibyiza, nabyo bitanga igihombo gito, gisanzwe, imikorere myiza nibindi byinshi muburyo bwo gutunganya ibyambere guhitamo.
5.Umwanzuro
Ibikoresho bishya bya grafite ya electrode ikwiriye kumenyekana cyane kandi ibyiza byayo bizamenyekana buhoro buhoro kandi byemerwe ninganda zikora inganda.
Guhitamo neza ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki ya electrode no kunoza imiyoboro ijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga bizazana imikorere myiza, ireme ryiza kandi ridahenze ku nganda zikora inganda.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-04-2020