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Abahanga mu bya siyansi barimo gushakisha uburyo bwo gukoresha asbestos mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro kugira ngo babike umwuka mwinshi wa karuboni mu kirere kugira ngo bifashe mu guhangana n'ikibazo cy'imihindagurikire y'ikirere.
Asbestos ni amabuye y'agaciro karemano yahoze akoreshwa cyane mu gukingira ubushyuhe no gukumira inkongi z'umuriro mu nyubako. Iyi mikoreshereze izwiho ingaruka zitera kanseri, ariko yakoreshejwe muri feri zimwe na zimwe z'imodoka n'amatafari yo ku gisenge n'ibisenge mu nganda za chlorine. Nubwo ibihugu 67 bibuza ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho bya fibre, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika si kimwe muri ibyo.
Ubu, abashakashatsi barimo kwibanda ku bwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa asbestos ifite fibrous, ari yo myanda iva mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro. Nk'uko Eos abivuga, ubwiza bukabije butuma asbestos iterwa n'akaga mu guhumeka butuma ibasha gufata uduce twa dioxyde de carbone tugenda mu kirere cyangwa tugashonga mu mvura. Raporo ivuga ko ubuso burebure bw'imigozi butuma "ikora cyane kandi byoroshye guhindura" mo karubone idatera ingaruka mbi iyo ivanze na dioxyde de carbone. Iyi nzira ibaho mu buryo busanzwe iyo asbestos ihuye n'imyuka ihumanya ikirere.
Nk’uko MIT Technology Review ibivuga, ibi bikoresho bihamye bishobora gufunga imyuka ihumanya ikirere mu gihe cy’imyaka miliyoni kandi byagaragaye ko ari amahitamo meza yo kwinjiza gazi karuboni nyinshi mu kirere. Abahanga mu bya siyansi bizeye kubanza kugabanya imyuka "ihumanya ikirere" ihumanya ikirere iva mu bikorwa by’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, hanyuma bakongera imbaraga mu kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere.
Gregory Dipple, umushakashatsi mukuru muri uru rwego, yabwiye MIT Technology Review ati: “Mu myaka icumi iri imbere, gukuraho karubone mu birombe bizadufasha gusa kwigirira icyizere n’ubuhanga mu kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Kandi ubucukuzi nyabwo burakorwa.”
Nk’uko umunyamakuru wa Kottke Ride Home Podcast, Jackson Bird (Jackson Bird), yabitangaje, yavuze ko iyo ibi bintu byinjiye mu nyanja binyuze mu mazi, hari n’amabuye y’agaciro aboneka. Udukoko two mu mazi dukoresha izi iyoni kugira ngo amagufwa n’ibishishwa byazo bihinduke amabuye y’agaciro n’ibindi bifatwa. Agatare ka karuboni.
Kubika karuboni ni uburyo bukenewe bwo kugabanya ingano ya karuboni mu kirere. Tutabikoze, ntabwo dushobora kugera ku "ntego zacu za karuboni" no kwirinda ingaruka mbi cyane z'icyorezo cy'ikirere.
Abahanga mu bya siyansi barimo kandi gushakisha uburyo bwo gukoresha imyanda iva mu zindi nganda z’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro nka nikeli, umuringa, diyama na platine kugira ngo bafate karuboni. Batekereza ko hashobora kuba hari ibikoresho bihagije byo guhagarika dioxyde de carbone yose abantu bigeze basohora, n’ibindi byinshi, nk’uko Bird abivuga.
Ubu, ibintu byinshi biba bifungitse mu mabuye akomeye atigeze ashyirwa mu kirere, ibyo bikaba bizatera iyo mikorere y’ibinyabutabire. Niyo mpamvu abahanga mu bya siyansi biga ibijyanye no gukuraho karubone bagerageza gushaka uburyo bwo kongera ubwiyongere bw’ibinyabutabire no kwihutisha iyi mikorere isanzwe itinda kugira ngo imyanda yo mu bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro ibe ikintu gikomeye gitera imbaraga zo kurwanya ikibazo cy’imihindagurikire y’ikirere.
Raporo ya MIT isobanura neza uburyo ibintu byageragejwe hakoreshejwe gucukura ibikoresho, kubisya bikavamo uduce duto, hanyuma bikagenda mu bice bito, hanyuma bigakwirakwizwa mu kirere kugira ngo byongere ubwiyongere bw'ubuso bw'ibintu bya dioxyde de carbone. Ibindi bisaba gushyushya cyangwa kongeramo aside muri ibyo bintu. Eos ivuga ko hari n'abakoresha uduti twa bagiteri kugira ngo batangire gukora ibikorwa bya shimi.
“Turashaka kwihutisha iki gikorwa no kugihindura kuva ku murundo w’imyanda ya asbestos ikajya mu mwobo wa karubone udapfa na gato,” ibi byavuzwe n’umuhanga mu by’ibinyabuzima by’isi, Jenine McCutcheon, wiyemeje guhindura imyanda ya asbestos yasigaye mo karubone ya Magnesium idapfa. Abakora siporo n’abazamuka amabuye bakoresha ifu yera kugira ngo barusheho gufata neza.
Roger Aines, umuyobozi wa Porogaramu ya Carbon muri Lawrence Livermore National Lab, yabwiye MIT Technology Review ati: “Aya ni amahirwe akomeye, ataratera imbere, ashobora gukuraho dioxyde de carbone nyinshi.”
Raporo ikomeza ivuga ko abashyigikiye iyi ngamba nshya bahangayikishijwe n’ibiciro n’imbogamizi ku butaka. Ugereranyije n’ubundi buryo bwo kugabanya ibiti nko gutera ibiti, iyi gahunda irahenze. Bishobora kandi gusaba ubutaka bwinshi kugira ngo hakwirakwizwe ibikoresho bishya byataburuwe kugira ngo bigabanye cyane imyuka ihumanya ikirere, bigatuma bigorana kuyikwirakwiza.
Bird yanavuze ko igikorwa cyose gishobora gutwara ingufu nyinshi, kandi iyo kidapimwe neza, gishobora kugabanya inyungu zo gufata karubone kirimo kugerageza guteza.
Hanyuma, hari impungenge nyinshi zijyanye n’uburozi bw’ibi bikoresho ndetse n’umutekano wo kubikoresha. MIT Technology Review yagaragaje ko gukwirakwiza umukungugu wa asbestos hasi cyangwa kuwukwirakwiza mu ivumbi kugira ngo wongere ikirere gitembera byateje akaga ku bakozi n’abaturage baho.
Bird yasoje avuga ko nubwo bimeze bityo, iyi gahunda nshya ishobora kuba "amahitamo meza yo kongeramo ibindi bisubizo byinshi, kuko twese tuzi ko nta muti w'ikibazo cy'imihindagurikire y'ikirere uzaba uhari."
Hari ibicuruzwa ibihumbi n'ibihumbi. Abantu benshi bazakora ikintu kimwe, cyangwa hafi kimwe, ariko bitandukanye cyane. Ariko hari ibicuruzwa bimwe birimo ibintu by'uburozi bishobora kutugirira nabi cyangwa kugirira nabi abana bacu. Ndetse n'akazi koroshye ko guhitamo umuti wo koza amenyo gashobora gutuma twumva duhangayikishijwe!
Ingaruka zimwe na zimwe z’ikirere gikabije zishobora kugaragara - urugero, kimwe cya kabiri cy’ibigori byo muri Iowa byasigaye inyuma nyuma y’uko akarere ko hagati mu burengerazuba bwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika kahuye n’ingaruka zikomeye ku ya 10 Kanama.
Ikibaya cy'Uruzi rwa Mississippi giherereye muri leta 32 muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika n'intara ebyiri muri Kanada, gifite ubuso burenga kilometero kare miliyoni 1.245. Shannon1 / Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 4.0
Ibisubizo by'ibipimo by'umuvuduko w'amazi bigaragaza ko ingano ya azote idasembuye (DIN) iva mu karere ka Mississippi igera mu kigobe cya Megizike ihindagurika cyane buri mwaka. Imvura nyinshi izatuma habaho azote nyinshi. Byakuwe muri Lu et al., 2020, CC BY-ND
Kuva mu 1958 kugeza mu 2012, mu bihe bikomeye cyane (bisobanurwa nk'ibintu biremereye cyane 1% by'ibyabaye buri munsi), igipimo cy'igabanuka ry'imvura cyariyongereye. Globalchange.gov
Ikibuye kinini cy'urubura ku isi gishobora kugongana na Jeworujiya y'Amajyepfo, bigateza akaga gakomeye ku nyamaswa zihatuye.
Mu buryo bwinshi, inkuru ya Texas yo mu kinyejana gishize ni uko leta yashyigikiye ihame ry’uko abantu ari bo bategeka ibidukikije.
Kuva ku ihumana ry’ikirere riterwa n’imodoka n’amakamyo kugeza ku gusohora kwa methane, imyuka myinshi ihumanya ikirere itera imihindagurikire y’ikirere na yo yangiza ubuzima bw’abaturage.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-05-2020