Ibicuruzwa bya karuboni bishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe ikoreshwa ryabyo mu bwoko bwa electrode ya grafiti, ubwoko bwa block ya karuboni, ubwoko bwa anode ya grafiti, ubwoko bwa electrode ya karuboni, ubwoko bwa paste, ubwoko bwa karuboni bukoresha amashanyarazi, ubwoko bwa fibre ya karuboni, ubwoko bwihariye bwa graphite, ubwoko bwa graphite bukoresha ubushyuhe bwa grafiti, nibindi. Electrode za grafiti zishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro bya electrode za grafiti zikoresha ingufu zisanzwe hashingiwe ku bucucike bwemewe bw'amashanyarazi. Electrode zifite ingufu nyinshi, electrode zifite ingufu nyinshi. Elements za karuboni zishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe ikoreshwa ryazo mu bice bya karuboni bikoresha umuriro, ibice bya karuboni bya aluminiyumu, ibice bya electron bikoresha amashanyarazi, nibindi. Ibicuruzwa bya karuboni bishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro bya karuboni, ibicuruzwa bya grafiti, fibre ya karuboni n'imigozi ya grafiti, nibindi hakurikijwe uburebure bw'itunganywa. Ibicuruzwa bya karuboni bishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro bya graphite, ibicuruzwa bya karuboni, fibre ya karuboni, nibindi, hashingiwe ku bikoresho fatizo bitandukanye n'uburyo bwo kubitunganya. Ibicuruzwa bya karuboni bishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro bya electrode zifite ivu ryinshi n'ibicuruzwa bifite ivu rito (bifite ivu riri munsi ya 1%) hashingiwe ku ngano y'ivu ririmo.
Amahame ngenderwaho y’igihugu n’amabwiriza ngenderwaho ya tekiniki atangwa na Minisiteri ku bicuruzwa bya karuboni mu gihugu cyacu ashyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe imikoreshereze itandukanye y’ibicuruzwa n’uburyo butandukanye bwo kubitunganya. Ubu buryo bwo gushyira mu byiciro bugaragaza imikoreshereze itandukanye n’uburyo butandukanye bwo kubitunganya kandi bunoroshye mu kubara. Kubwibyo, uburyo bwo kubibara nabwo bukoresha aya mahame ngenderwaho yo gushyira mu byiciro. Ibi bikurikira ni intangiriro yo gushyira mu byiciro no gusobanura ibikomoka kuri karuboni na Anshan Carbon.
1. Ibikomoka kuri karuboni na grafiti
(1) Ubwoko bwa electrode ya grafiti
Ikorwa ahanini muri peteroli na sintelle coke nk'ibikoresho fatizo, hamwe n'icyuma gifunga amakara. Ikorwa binyuze mu gukaranga, gukurura, gukaranga, gukanda, gukaranga, gushushanya no gukora. Ni icyuma gisohora ingufu z'amashanyarazi mu buryo bwa arc y'amashanyarazi mu itanura ry'amashanyarazi kugira ngo gishyushye kandi gishongeshe umuriro. Dukurikije ibipimo by'ubwiza bwayo, ishobora kugabanywamo imbaraga zisanzwe, imbaraga nyinshi n'imbaraga nyinshi cyane. Electrode za grafiti zirimo:
(1) Electrode isanzwe ya grafiti ifite ingufu. Electrode za grafiti zifite ubucucike bw'amashanyarazi buri munsi ya 17A/cm² zemerewe gukoreshwa, kandi zikoreshwa cyane cyane mu itanura risanzwe rikoresha ingufu z'amashanyarazi mu gukora ibyuma, gushonga silicon, gushonga fosifore y'umuhondo, n'ibindi.
(2) Electrode ya grafiti itwikiriwe na anti-oxidation. Electrode za grafiti zitwikiriwe na anti-oxidation ku buso zikora urwego rurinda ruyobora kandi rurwanya oxidation ku bushyuhe bwinshi, bigabanya ikoreshwa rya electrode mu gihe cyo gukora ibyuma.
(3) Electrode ya grafiti ifite imbaraga nyinshi. Electrode ya grafiti ifite ubucucike bw'amashanyarazi buri hagati ya 18 na 25A/cm² yemerewe gukoreshwa, cyane cyane mu itanura ry'amashanyarazi rifite ingufu nyinshi ryo gukora ibyuma.
(4) Electrode ya grafiti ifite imbaraga nyinshi cyane. Electrode ya grafiti ifite ubucucike bw'amashanyarazi burenga 25A/cm² irabyemerewe. Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu itanura ry'amashanyarazi rikora ibyuma rikoresha ingufu nyinshi cyane.
(2) Ubwoko bwa anode ya grafiti
Ikorwa ahanini muri peteroli ya coke nk'ibikoresho fatizo n'ikaramu y'amakara nk'umuyoboro, kandi ikorwa binyuze mu gukaranga, gukurura, gukaranga, gukanda, gukaranga, gutera impregnation, gukoresha graphitization no gutunganya. Muri rusange ikoreshwa nk'akantu gatwara amashanyarazi mu nganda zikora amashanyarazi. Harimo: (1) Amasahani atandukanye ya anode mu nganda zikora amashanyarazi. (2) Uduti dutandukanye twa anode
(3) Ubwoko bwihariye bwa grafiti
Ikorwa ahanini muri peteroli ya coke nziza cyane nk'ibikoresho fatizo, lisansi y'amakara cyangwa resin y'ubukorikori nk'umuyoboro, kandi ikorwa binyuze mu gutegura ibikoresho fatizo, gukurura, gukaranga, gukanda ibinini, gusya, kongera gukaranga, gusya, gusya, gukaranga inshuro nyinshi, guteranya ibishishwa byinshi, gutunganya no gushushanya, no gukora. Muri rusange ikoreshwa mu nzego z'indege, ikoranabuhanga n'inganda za kirimbuzi. Irimo grafiti nziza ya spectral, grafiti nziza cyane, imbaraga nyinshi, ubucucike bwinshi na pyrolytic, nibindi.
(4) Igikoresho cyo guhinduza ubushyuhe cya grafiti
Igikoresho cya grafiti kidashobora kuvomerwa mu guhinduranya ubushyuhe gikorwa hakoreshejwe grafiti y’ubukorano mu ishusho ikenewe, hanyuma kikayiteramo resin. Ni igikoresho cyo guhinduranya ubushyuhe gitunganywa muri grafiti y’ubukorano idashobora kuvomerwa nk’igikoresho cy’ibanze kandi gikoreshwa cyane cyane mu nganda z’imiti.
Harimo: (1) Umuyoboro w'ubushyuhe wo mu bwoko bwa Block-hole; (2) Umuyoboro w'ubushyuhe wa radial (3) Umuyoboro w'ubushyuhe wa filime igwa (4) Umuyoboro w'ubushyuhe wa tubular.(5) Ubwoko bwa electrode ya karuboni
Electrode ikora ikoresheje ingufuri ikoreshwa mu gukanda no gutwika ibikoresho bya karubone nka anthracite na metallurgical coke (cyangwa peteroli coke) nk'ibikoresho fatizo n'ikaramu y'amakara nk'icyuma gifunga, idakoreshejwe graphitization. Ntikwiriye ku mashyiga y'amashanyarazi akoreshwa mu gushongesha ibyuma by'ubwoko bwa alloy. Harimo: (1) Electrode nyinshi z'ivu (electrode zikorwa muri anthracite, metallurgical coke na asphalt coke); (2) Electrode zivuguruye (electrode zikorwa muri grafiti y'ubukorano cyangwa grafiti karemano); (3) Inkoni zirwanya karubone (ni ukuvuga amatafari ya karubone) anode zitetse mbere zikozwe muri coke y'amavuta; (4) Anode ya karubone (anode itetse mbere ikorwa muri coke y'amavuta); (5) Guteka electrode idafitemo umwanya.
Ibicuruzwa bya karuboni bishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe ikoreshwa ryabyo mu bwoko bwa electrode ya grafiti, ubwoko bwa block ya karuboni, ubwoko bwa anode ya grafiti, ubwoko bwa electrode ya karuboni, ubwoko bwa paste, ubwoko bwa karuboni bukoresha amashanyarazi, ubwoko bwa fibre ya karuboni, ubwoko bwihariye bwa graphite, ubwoko bwa graphite bukoresha ubushyuhe bwa grafiti, nibindi. Electrode za grafiti zishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro bya electrode za grafiti zikoresha ingufu zisanzwe hashingiwe ku bucucike bwemewe bw'amashanyarazi. Electrode zifite ingufu nyinshi, electrode zifite ingufu nyinshi. Elements za karuboni zishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe ikoreshwa ryazo mu bice bya karuboni bikoresha umuriro, ibice bya karuboni bya aluminiyumu, ibice bya electron bikoresha amashanyarazi, nibindi. Ibicuruzwa bya karuboni bishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro bya karuboni, ibicuruzwa bya grafiti, fibre ya karuboni na fibre ya grafiti, nibindi hakurikijwe uburebure bw'itunganywa. Ibicuruzwa bya karuboni bishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro bya graphite, ibicuruzwa bya karuboni, fibre ya karuboni, nibindi, hashingiwe ku bikoresho fatizo bitandukanye n'uburyo bwo kubitunganya. Ibicuruzwa bya karuboni bishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro bya electrode zifite ivu ryinshi n'ibicuruzwa bifite ivu rito (bifite ivu riri munsi ya 1%) hashingiwe ku ngano y'ivu ririmo.
Amahame ngenderwaho y’igihugu n’amabwiriza ngenderwaho ya tekiniki atangwa na Minisiteri ku bicuruzwa bya karuboni mu gihugu cyacu ashyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe imikoreshereze itandukanye y’ibicuruzwa n’uburyo butandukanye bwo kubitunganya. Ubu buryo bwo gushyira mu byiciro bugaragaza imikoreshereze itandukanye n’uburyo butandukanye bwo kubitunganya kandi bunoroshye mu kubara. Kubwibyo, uburyo bwo kubibara nabwo bukoresha aya mahame ngenderwaho yo gushyira mu byiciro. Ibi bikurikira bitanga uburyo bwo gushyira mu byiciro no gusobanura ibikomoka kuri karuboni.
Ibigo bikuru mu nganda zikora karuboni ahanini birimo: 1. Ibigo bitunganya karuboni bya Anthracite; 2. Ibigo bitunganya karuboni n'ibiyikora; 3. Ibigo bitunganya na karuboni bya peteroli.
Amapine y'amagare akozwe mu bikoresho bivanze bikomejwe n'ibikoresho n'ibicuruzwa bya graphene, bizwi nka Quarno (harimo ibikoresho n'ibicuruzwa bya graphene imbere), afite ubwoko butatu butandukanye (46, 60 na 84 mm), burimo ibikoresho n'ibicuruzwa bya graphene (GNP) bitangwa na Directa Plus. Ibikoresho n'ibicuruzwa bya graphene bitanga inyungu ku mapine nko gutwika ubushyuhe (kugabanukaho 15-30°C) - ikintu cy'ingenzi ku miterere, kwiyongera k'ubukomere ku ruhande (ku kigero cya 50%), no kugabanuka kw'ibice by'ingufu, cyane cyane hafi y'agace k'ingufu.
Akamaro gakomeye ko kongeramo ibikoresho n'ibicuruzwa bya graphene mu myambaro yo ku rubura ni uko bituma umwenda ukora nk'akayunguruzo hagati y'umubiri w'umuntu n'ibidukikije byo hanze, bityo bigatuma ubushyuhe bukwiriye ku muntu uyambaye. Bitewe n'ubushyuhe bw'ibikoresho n'ibicuruzwa bya graphene, ubushyuhe buturuka ku mubiri w'umuntu bushobora kugumana no gukwirakwizwa mu buryo bungana mu turere dukonje, ariko bugakwirakwira mu turere dushyuha, kandi bugakwirakwira mu bikorwa bya siporo. Ibikoresho n'ibicuruzwa bya graphene. Imyenda yavuwe nayo igira ingaruka ku bushyuhe n'ubudahangarwa bw'amashanyarazi. Iyo G + ishyizwe inyuma y'imyenda, ishobora kugabanya kwangirika k'umwuka n'amazi, bityo ikagera ku musaruro mwiza mu mikino.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-20-2025