Uburyo bwo gukora ibikoresho bya karuboni ni ubwubatsi bw’imikorere bugenzurwa cyane, gukora electrode ya grafiti, ibikoresho byihariye bya karuboni, karuboni ya aluminiyumu, ibikoresho bishya bya karuboni byo mu rwego rwo hejuru bitatandukanywa no gukoresha ibikoresho fatizo, ibikoresho, ikoranabuhanga, gucunga ibintu bine by’umusaruro n’ikoranabuhanga rijyanye nabyo.
Ibikoresho fatizo ni byo bintu by'ingenzi bigena imiterere y'ibikoresho bya karuboni, kandi imikorere y'ibikoresho fatizo ni yo igena imikorere y'ibikoresho bya karuboni byakozwe. Ku ikorwa rya electrode za UHP na HP graphite, coke nziza cyane ni yo ihitamo rya mbere, ariko nanone asphalt nziza cyane, asphalt itera impregnating. Ariko ibikoresho fatizo byiza gusa, ibura ry'ibikoresho, ikoranabuhanga, ibintu bijyana n'imicungire n'ikoranabuhanga rijyanye nabyo, nabyo ntibishobora gukora electrode nziza cyane ya UHP, HP graphite.
Iyi nkuru yibanda ku biranga inzoga zo mu bwoko bwa “needle coke” nziza cyane kugira ngo isobanure ibitekerezo byayo bwite, kugira ngo abakora inzoga zo mu bwoko bwa “needle coke”, abakora inzoga zo mu bwoko bwa “electrode”, n’ibigo by’ubushakashatsi bya siyansi baganireho.
Nubwo umusaruro wa needle coke mu Bushinwa utari uw’ibigo by’amahanga, wateye imbere cyane mu myaka ya vuba aha kandi watangiye kugaragara. Ku bijyanye n’ingano y’umusaruro wose, ushobora guhaza icyifuzo cya needle coke kuri electrode za UHP na HP graphite zikorwa n’ibigo by’ubucuruzi bya karuboni byo mu gihugu. Ariko, haracyari icyuho mu bwiza bwa needle coke ugereranije n’ibigo by’amahanga. Ihindagurika ry’imikorere y’itsinda rigira ingaruka ku ikenerwa rya needle coke nziza mu ikorwa rya electrode nini ya UHP na HP graphite, cyane cyane ko nta needle coke nziza ishobora guhaza ikorwa rya electrode ya graphite.
Ibigo by’amahanga bitanga imiterere minini ya UHP, electrode ya grafiti ya HP ikunze kuba amahitamo ya mbere ya coke y’ibikomoka kuri peteroli nziza cyane nk’iy’ibanze, ibigo by’Abayapani bikoresha kandi coke y’ibikomoka kuri peteroli nk’ibikoresho fatizo, ariko gusa ku bipimo bikurikira bya φ 600 mm by’ikorwa rya electrode ya grafiti. Kuri ubu, coke y’ibikomoka kuri peteroli mu Bushinwa ahanini ni coke y’ibikomoka kuri peteroli. Ikorwa rya electrode ya grafiti nini ya UHP nziza cyane ikorwa n’ibigo by’ibikomoka kuri peteroli akenshi rishingiye ku ikorwa rya coke y’ibikomoka kuri peteroli, cyane cyane ikorwa ry’imvange nziza cyane hamwe na coke y’ibikomoka kuri peteroli ya Suishima yo mu Buyapani n’imvange y’ibikomoka kuri peteroli ya HSP yo mu Bwongereza nk’imvange.
Muri iki gihe, ifu ya needle coke ikorwa n'ibigo bitandukanye ikunze kugereranywa n'ibipimo by'imikorere y'ubucuruzi ya needle coke yo mu mahanga hakoreshejwe ibipimo by'imikorere bisanzwe, nk'umuvu, ubucucike nyakuri, ingano ya sulfur, ingano ya azote, ingano y'uduce, ingano y'ubushyuhe n'ibindi. Ariko, haracyari ibura ry'ibipimo bitandukanye bya needle coke ugereranije n'ibihugu by'amahanga. Kubwibyo, ikorwa rya needle coke mu buryo bwa "bicuruzwa bihuriweho", ntirishobora kugaragaza urwego rwa needle coke nziza cyane.
Uretse kugereranya imikorere isanzwe, ibigo bicuruza karuboni bigomba kandi kwita ku miterere ya needle coke, nko gushyira mu byiciro imiterere y’ubushyuhe (CTE), imbaraga z’uduce, urugero rwa anisotropy, amakuru yo kwaguka mu gihe kitari mu gihe cyo kwaguka no mu gihe cyo guhagarara, hamwe n’ubushyuhe buri hagati yo kwaguka no guhagarara. Kubera ko iyi miterere y’ubushyuhe bwa needle coke ari ingenzi cyane mu kugenzura inzira ya graphitization mu gikorwa cyo gukora electrode ya grafiti, birumvikana ko ingaruka z’imiterere y’ubushyuhe bwa asphalt coke yakozwe nyuma yo gukaranga asphalt yometseho ifata n’itera umwuka ntizigaragazwa.
1. Kugereranya anisotropy ya needle coke
(A) Icyitegererezo: φ 500 mm UHP electrode umubiri w'uruganda rwa karuboni rwo mu rugo;
Koke y'ibikomoka ku bimera: Ingano nshya y'ibinyabutabire bya LPC-U byo mu Buyapani, igipimo: Ingano ya 100% ya LPC-U; Isesengura: Uruganda rwa SGL Griesheim; Ibipimo by'imikorere bigaragazwa mu mbonerahamwe ya 1.
(B) Urugero: φ 450 mmHP electrode umubiri w'uruganda rukora karuboni mu rugo; Coke y'ibikomoka ku bimera: coke y'ibikomoka ku mavuta yo mu ruganda rukora karuboni mu rugo, igipimo: 100%; Isesengura: Uruganda rukora karuboni rwa Shandong Bazan; Ibipimo by'imikorere bigaragazwa mu mbonerahamwe ya 2.
Nkuko bigaragara mu kugereranya Imbonerahamwe ya 1 n'Imbonerahamwe ya 2, urwego rwa lPC-U rwa needle coke rw'ibipimo bishya bya buri munsi by'amakara bifite ubushobozi bwinshi bwo gushyuha, aho anisotropy ya CTE ishobora kugera kuri 3.61 ~ 4.55, kandi anisotropy yo kurwanya nayo ni nini, igera kuri 2.06 ~ 2.25. Uretse imbaraga zo kuzunguruka za peteroli ya peteroli yo mu rugo ni nziza kurusha iya needle coke nshya ya buri munsi ya LPC-U. Agaciro ka anisotropy kari hasi cyane ugereranyije n'iya needle coke nshya ya buri munsi ya LPC-U.
Isesengura ry’imikorere ya electrode ya grafiti ifite imbaraga nyinshi ni ugupima ubwiza bw’ibikoresho fatizo bya needle coke cyangwa atari uburyo bw’ingenzi bwo gusesengura, ingano y’ingano ya anisotropi, birumvikana ko ifite n’ingaruka ku mikorere ya electrode, urwego rwa anisotropi y’amashanyarazi rugaragaza imikorere y’ubushyuhe bwinshi kuruta urugero rwa anisotropi y’imbaraga mpuzandengo za electrode nto ni nziza.
Muri iki gihe, umusaruro wa coke y'amakara mu Bushinwa ni munini cyane ugereranije n'uwa coke y'amakara. Bitewe n'igiciro kinini cy'ibikoresho fatizo n'igiciro cy'ibigo bicukura karuboni, biragoye gukoresha coke y'amakara mu gihugu 100% mu gukora electrode ya UHP, mu gihe hongerwamo igice runaka cya coke y'amakara ya calcium na graphite powder kugira ngo hakorwe electrode. Kubwibyo, biragoye gusuzuma anisotropy ya coke y'amakara mu gihugu.
2. Imiterere y'umurongo n'ingano ya needle coke
Imikorere y’impinduka z’umurongo n’iz’ubwinshi bya needle coke igaragarira cyane cyane mu mikorere ya grafiti ikorwa na electrode. Iyo ubushyuhe buhindutse, needle coke izagenda irushaho kwaguka no guhindagurika mu gihe cyo gushyuha kwa grafiti, ibyo bikaba bigira ingaruka ku mpinduka z’umurongo n’iz’ubwinshi bya electrode yokejwe muri graphite. Ibi si bimwe ku mikoreshereze y’imiterere itandukanye ya coke mbisi, ingano zitandukanye za needle coke zirahinduka. Byongeye kandi, urwego rw’ubushyuhe bw’impinduka z’umurongo n’iz’ubwinshi bya needle coke na peteroli ya calcined nabyo biratandukanye. Nitumenya neza iki kimenyetso cya coke mbisi gusa dushobora kugenzura no kunoza ikorwa rya graphite chemical sequence. Ibi bigaragara cyane mu mikorere ya graphitization y’uruhererekane.
Imbonerahamwe ya 3 igaragaza impinduka z’umurongo n’ingano y’ubushyuhe hamwe n’ibipimo by’ubushyuhe by’ubwoko butatu bwa peteroli ikoreshwa na Conocophillips mu Bwongereza. Kwaguka k’umurongo bibaho mbere iyo peteroli itangiye gushyuha, ariko ubushyuhe mu ntangiriro yo kwaguka k’umurongo akenshi buba inyuma y’ubushyuhe ntarengwa bwa calcination. Kuva kuri 1525℃ kugeza 1725℃, kwaguka k’umurongo gutangira, kandi ubushyuhe bw’umurongo wose buba buto, 200℃ gusa. Ubushyuhe bw’umurongo wose wa peteroli isanzwe yatinze gucukuka ni bunini cyane kurusha ubwa peteroli isanzwe, kandi peteroli isanzwe iri hagati y’ibi bibiri, binini gato kurusha peteroli isanzwe. Ibisubizo by’ibizamini bya Osaka Industrial Technology Test Institute mu Buyapani bigaragaza ko uko ubushyuhe bwa peteroli burushaho kuba bubi, ni ko ubushyuhe bw’umurongo burushaho kucukuka, kugeza kuri 500 ~ 600℃, kandi ubushyuhe bw’umurongo butangira kucukuka buba buri hasi, kuri 1150 ~ 1200℃ byatangiye kubaho, ari nabyo biranga peteroli isanzwe yatinze gucukuka.
Uko ubushyuhe burushaho kuba bwiza kandi uko coke ya needle irushaho kuba nyinshi, niko ubushyuhe bwo gufungana burushaho kuba buto. Hari coke y'amavuta meza cyane ifite ubushyuhe buri hagati ya dogere 100 ~ 150 ℃ gusa. Ni ingirakamaro cyane ku bigo bicuruza karuboni kuyobora uburyo bwo gukora graphitization nyuma yo gusobanukirwa imiterere y'uburyo bwo kwaguka, gufungana no kongera kwaguka kwa coke y'ibikoresho fatizo bitandukanye, bishobora kwirinda imyanda itari ngombwa iterwa no gukoresha uburyo bwa gakondo bwo gupima.
Umwanzuro wa 3
Menya neza imiterere itandukanye y'ibikoresho fatizo, hitamo guhuza ibikoresho neza, ikoranabuhanga rivanze neza, kandi imicungire y'ibigo ni iya siyansi kandi isobanutse, uru ruhererekane rw'imikorere yose rugenzurwa neza kandi ruhamye, rushobora kuvugwa ko rufite ishingiro ryo gukora electrode ya grafiti ifite ingufu nyinshi kandi ifite ingufu nyinshi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-30-2021