Ihame ryo gukoresha graphitization rikubiyemo uburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe bwinshi (2300–3000°C), ibyo bigatuma atome za karuboni zidafite aho zihuriye n’imiterere yazo mu buryo buhamye kandi buhamye bwa graphite. Ishingiro ry’iyi gahunda riri mu kongera kubaka agace ka hexagonal binyuze mu guhuza atome za karuboni na SP², bishobora kugabanywamo ibice bitatu:
Icyiciro cyo Gukura kwa Microcrystalline (1000–1800°C):
Muri ubu bushyuhe, imyanda iri mu bikoresho bya karuboni (nk'ibyuma bishongesha bike, sulfur, na fosifore) itangira gushonga no guhindagurika, mu gihe imiterere y'ibice bya karuboni igenda yiyongera buhoro buhoro. Uburebure bwa microcrystals buriyongera kuva kuri ~ nanometer ya mbere kugeza kuri nanometer 10, bigashyiraho urufatiro rwo gutondekanya nyuma.
Icyiciro cyo Gutondekanya Ingero Eshatu (1800–2500°C):
Uko ubushyuhe bugenda bwiyongera, kutumvikana hagati y’ibice bya karuboni biragabanuka, kandi intera iri hagati y’ibice igenda igabanuka ikagera kuri nanometero 0.343–0.346 (igera ku gipimo cya grafiti cya nanometero 0.335). Igipimo cya grafiti cyiyongera kuva kuri 0 kugeza kuri 0.9, kandi ibikoresho bitangira kugaragaza imiterere yihariye ya grafiti, nko kwiyongera cyane k’amashanyarazi n’ubushyuhe.
Icyiciro cyo Gutunganya Ubuziranenge bwa Crystal (2500–3000°C):
Mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi, microcrystals zishyirwa mu buryo bushya, kandi inenge za lattice (nk'icyuho n'ihindagurika ry'ikirere) zigenda zisanwa buhoro buhoro, aho graphitization igera kuri 1.0 (crystal ikwiye). Kuri iyi ngingo, resistivity y'amashanyarazi y'ibikoresho ishobora kugabanukaho inshuro 4-5, amashanyarazi azamukaho inshuro zigera ku 10, coefficient of linear expansion igabanukaho 50-80%, kandi chemical stability irushaho kwiyongera cyane.
Ingufu zikoreshwa mu bushyuhe bwinshi ni zo mbaraga z'ingenzi mu gushushanya, zigatsinda imbogamizi z'ingufu zo guhinduranya atome za karuboni no gutuma habaho ihinduka kuva ku kintu kitameze neza kijya ku gishushanyo. Byongeye kandi, kongeramo katalysts (nka boron, icyuma, cyangwa ferrosilicon) bishobora kugabanya ubushyuhe bwa graphitization no guteza imbere ikwirakwira rya atome za karuboni no gushinga lattice. Urugero, iyo ferrosilicon irimo 25% bya silicon, ubushyuhe bwa graphitization bushobora kugabanuka kuva kuri 2500–3000°C kugeza kuri 1500°C, mu gihe hakorwa carbide ya silicon hexagonal kugira ngo ifashe mu gushushanya graphite.
Agaciro k'ikoreshwa rya graphitization kagaragarira mu kunoza imiterere y'ibikoresho:
- Ubushobozi bwo gutwara amashanyarazi: Nyuma yo gukoresha graphitization, ubushobozi bwo kwirinda amashanyarazi bw'ibikoresho bugabanuka cyane, bigatuma biba ibikoresho byonyine bitari ibyuma bifite ubushobozi bwo gutwara amashanyarazi bwiza.
- Ubushobozi bwo gutwara ubushyuhe: Ubushobozi bwo gutwara ubushyuhe bwiyongeraho inshuro zigera ku 10, bigatuma bukoreshwa mu gucunga ubushyuhe.
- Ubudahangarwa bw'ibinyabutabire: Ubudahangarwa bw'ibinyabutabire n'ubudahangarwa bw'ibinyabutabire birarushaho kwiyongera, bigatuma igihe cyo gukora ibikoresho kirushaho kuba cyiza.
- Imiterere ya Mekanike: Nubwo imbaraga zishobora kugabanuka, imiterere y'imyenge ishobora kunozwa binyuze mu gutera intanga, kwiyongera k'ubucucike no kudashira.
- Kongera isuku: Imyanda irahindagurika iyo ubushyuhe bwinshi bukabije, ikagabanya ivu ry'ibicuruzwa inshuro zigera kuri 300 kandi ikujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo isuku ibe nyinshi.
Urugero, mu bikoresho bya anode ya bateri ya lithiamu-ion, graphitization ni intambwe y'ingenzi mu gutegura anode za grafiti zikozwe mu buryo bwa sintetike. Binyuze mu kuvura graphitization, ubucucike bw'ingufu, kudahungabana kw'ingendo, n'imikorere y'umuvuduko w'ibikoresho bya anode birarushaho kunozwa, bigira ingaruka ku mikorere ya bateri muri rusange. Hari na grafiti karemano ikorerwa mu bushyuhe bwinshi kugira ngo yongere urugero rwayo rwa graphitization, bityo irusheho kunoza ubucucike bw'ingufu no gukoresha neza charge-discharge.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-09-2025