Ni gute koke ya peteroli yakoreshejwe mu gupima imiterere yayo yageze ku "mikoreshereze yuzuye" aho igipimo cyo kuyikoresha cyazamutse kuva kuri 75% kikagera hejuru ya 95%?

Dore ubuhinduzi bw'icyongereza bw'inyandiko yatanzwe:

Uburyo Koke ya Peteroli ifite Graphitized yageze ku kigero cyo kwinjiza kuva kuri 75% kugera hejuru ya 95%, bigatuma "ikoreshwa ry'umutungo wose"

Koke ya peteroli ifite graphite yageze ku ntambwe mu kuzamura igipimo cyo kuyikuramo kuva kuri 75% ikagera hejuru ya 95% binyuze mu nzira eshanu z'ingenzi: guhitamo ibikoresho fatizo, gutunganya graphite mu bushyuhe bwinshi, kugenzura neza ingano y'uduce, kunoza imikorere, no gukoresha uruziga. Ubu buryo bwo "gukoresha umutungo wose" bushobora gusobanurwa muri make ku buryo bukurikira:

1. Guhitamo ibikoresho fatizo: Kugenzura umwanda aho ukomoka

• Ibikoresho fatizo bifite sarufe nkeya kandi bidafite ivu rihagije
  Hatoranijwe koke cyangwa icupa rya peteroli rifite ubuziranenge buhanitse rifite ubunini bwa sulfur <0.8% n'ivu riri munsi ya 0.5%. Ibikoresho fatizo bifite ubunini bwa sulfur buke birinda sulfur gukora gaze ya sulfur dioxide ku bushyuhe bwinshi, bigabanya ibura rya karuboni, mu gihe ivu rihanitse rigabanya ingaruka mbi zituruka ku myanda mu gihe cyo gushonga.
• Gutegura mbere y'ibikoresho fatizo
  Binyuze mu nzira zo gusya, gutondeka no gushushanya, uduce duto n'imyanda bikurwaho kugira ngo habeho ingano imwe y'uduce, bigashyiraho urufatiro rwo gushyira mu bikorwa igishushanyo mbonera nyuma.

2. Uburyo bwo kuvugurura atom za karuboni mu bushyuhe bwinshi: Kuvugurura atom za karuboni

• Uburyo bwo gushyira mu bikorwa igishushanyo mbonera
  Hakoreshejwe itanura rya Acheson cyangwa itanura rya grafitisation ry’imbere, ibikoresho fatizo bitunganywa ku bushyuhe buri hejuru ya 2,600°C. Ibi bihindura atome za karuboni kuva ku buryo butameze neza mu buryo busanzwe, bikinjira mu buryo bwa lamellar, byegera kristu ya grafiti kandi byongera cyane uburyo karuboni ikora n’uburyo ishonga.
• Gukuraho sulfure
  Mu bushyuhe bwinshi, sulfur isohoka nk'umwuka wa dioxyde de sulfur, ikagabanya ingano ya sulfur ikagera kuri 0.01%–0.05% kandi ikirinda ingaruka mbi ku bukomezi bw'icyuma no gukomera kwacyo.
• Gutunganya porosity
  Graphitization ikora imiterere y’imyenge mu duce twa karuboni, yongera imyenge kandi igatanga inzira nyinshi zo gushonga kwa karuboni mu cyuma gishongeshejwe, bigatuma byihutishwa kwinjiza ibintu.

3. Kugenzura neza ingano y'uduce: Ibisabwa mu gushonga bihuye

• Gupima ingano y'uduce duto
  Ingano y'uduce duto igenzurwa hagati ya mm 0.5–20 hashingiwe ku bwoko bw'ibikoresho bishongesha (urugero: amatanura y'amashanyarazi cyangwa cupola) n'ibisabwa mu gutunganya:
  • Amatanura y'amashanyarazi (
  • Amatanura y'amashanyarazi (> toni 3): mm 5–20 kugira ngo hirindwe ingorane zo gushonga bitewe n'uduce duto cyane.
• Ingano y'uduce duto ikwirakwira mu buryo bumwe
  Uburyo bwo gusuzuma no gushushanya butuma ingano y'uduce duto ihoraho, bigabanya ihindagurika ry'umuvuduko w'ingufu riterwa n'ihindagurika ry'ingano.

4. Gutunganya Imikorere: Kongera Uburyo bwo Gukoresha Ingufu mu Kuzimya

• Igihe cyo kongeramo n'uburyo bwo gukoresha
  • Uburyo bwo kongeramo hasi: Mu itanura ry'amashanyarazi rikoresha amashanyarazi aciriritse, 70% by'icyuma gitera karuboni gishyirwa hasi mu itanura kigashyirwa hamwe, ibisigaye byongerwamo mu byiciro hagati mu gihe cyo kugabanya igihombo cya ogisijeni.
  • Kongeramo ibice: Ku bijyanye no gushongesha itanura rikoresha amashanyarazi, ibikoresho byongeramo karuboni byongerwa mu byiciro mu gihe cyo gusharija; ku bijyanye no gushongesha cupola, byongerwa icyarimwe n'ibikoresho byo gushyiramo umuriro kugira ngo bifatanye neza n'icyuma gishongeshejwe.
• Igenzura ry'ibipimo byo gushonga
  • Kugenzura ubushyuhe: Kubungabunga ubushyuhe bwo gushonga kuri 1.500–1.550°C bituma habaho gushonga kwa karuboni.
  • Kubika ubushyuhe no kuvanga: Gufata iminota 5-10 ukoresheje kuvanga biringaniye byihutisha ikwirakwira ry'uduce twa karuboni kandi bikarinda ko habaho ogisijeni nk'ingufu z'icyuma cyangwa ubushyuhe.
• Urukurikirane rw'impinduka mu miterere
  Kongeramo manganese mbere na mbere, hanyuma karuboni, hanyuma siliconi bigabanya ingaruka mbi za siliconi na sulfure ku kwinjiza karuboni, bigatuza uburinganire bwa karuboni.

5. Gukoresha uruziga no gukora ibidukikije: Kongera ubushobozi bwo gukoresha umutungo neza

• Kuvugurura electrode y'imyanda
  Electrode za grafiti zikoreshwa zivugururwa zigahinduka ibikoresho bikura karuboni ku kigero cya 85%, bigabanya imyanda y'umutungo kamere.
• Ubundi buryo bushingiye ku bimera
  Igerageza ryakoreshejwe mu gukoresha amakara y’ibishishwa by’ibiti bya palm shell nk’igisimbu cya peteroli coke rituma habaho gushonga kw’ibishishwa bidafite karuboni kandi rigagabanya kwishingikiriza ku biryo by’ibisigazwa by’ibinyabuzima.
• Sisitemu zo kugenzura zikoresheje ubwenge
  Gukurikirana ibikubiye muri karuboni kuri interineti binyuze mu gusesengura spectral no gutanga serivisi nziza hakoreshejwe 5G IoT (ikosa <± 0.5%) kunoza uburyo bwo gukora no kugabanya kongeramo ibintu byinshi.

Ingaruka za tekiniki n'ingaruka ku nganda

• Igipimo cyo kwinjiza umwuka cyariyongereye: Binyuze muri izi ngamba, igipimo cyo kwinjiza umwuka wa carbon coke ya graphitized cyariyongereye kuva kuri 75% (coke gakondo ya calcium) kigera hejuru ya 95%, byongera cyane uburyo bwo gukoresha carbon.
• Ubwiza bw'ibicuruzwa: Sulfure nkeya (≤0.03%) na azote nkeya (80–250 PPM) birinda neza ko ibintu bitagenda neza kandi bikongera imiterere ya mekanike (urugero: gukomera, kudashira).
• Inyungu ku bidukikije n'ubukungu: Ibyuka bihumanya ikirere bya karuboni kuri toni imwe by’ibikoresho byongera karuboni bigabanukaho toni 1.2, bihuye n’uburyo ibintu bikorerwa mu nganda zitagira ingaruka ku bidukikije. Hagati aho, igipimo cyo hejuru cy’ingufu ziyongera kigabanya ikoreshwa ry’ibikoresho byongera karuboni, bigabanya ikiguzi cyo kubitunganya.

Binyuze mu gushyira mu bikorwa uburyo bwo kugenzura bunoze kuva ku iherezo kugeza ku iherezo, koke ya peteroli ya grafiti igera ku "mikoreshereze yuzuye y'umutungo", iha inganda zikora ibyuma igisubizo cyiza kandi gitanga karubone nke kandi gifasha uru rwego kugera ku iterambere ryiza kandi rirambye.

Ubu buhinduzi bugumana ubuziranenge mu bya tekiniki, bunafasha abantu mpuzamahanga gusoma neza mu bijyanye n'ikoranabuhanga n'ubumenyi bw'ibikoresho. Mbwira niba wifuza ko bunozwa!