Mu nganda zikora electrolysis ya aluminiyumu, ni gute peteroli coke ikoreshwa mu gukora cathode blocks na anode pastes? Ni izihe nyungu ifite ugereranyije na calcined peteroli coke?

Ikoreshwa n'Isesengura ry'Ibyiza bya Koke ya Peteroli ya Graphitized mu Nganda za Electrolysis za Aluminium

I. Gukoresha Graphitized Petroleum Coke muri Cathode Blocks na Anode Paste

1. Gukora Cathode Block
Koke ya peteroli ya grafitize ni yo shingiro ry'ibikoresho fatizo byo gukora bloki za karuboni za grafitize. Nyuma yo gutunganya graphitization mu bushyuhe bwinshi ku bushyuhe bugera kuri 3000°C, ubuziranenge bwayo bwa karuboni burenga 98%, kandi ubucucike nyabwo buriyongera cyane, bigatuma habaho imiterere ya kristale ya grafitize itunganyijwe cyane. Iyi miterere itanga bloki za karuboni zifite ibi bikurikira:

• Ubudahangarwa bw'isuri ya sodium burushaho kwiyongera: Imiterere ya grafiti ifite ubuziranenge bwinshi irwanya kwinjira kwa sodium mu gihe cy'amashanyarazi ya aluminiyumu, bigatuma ubuzima bwa cathode burushaho kuba bwiza.
• Gutuma amashanyarazi arushaho kuba meza: Gukoresha grafitizasiyo bigabanya cyane ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’amashanyarazi, bigabanya kugabanuka k’amashanyarazi yo hasi mu turemangingo kandi bigabanya ikoreshwa ry’ingufu mu gukora aluminiyumu ku kigero cya 5%–10%.
• Ubushyuhe buhamye: Kwaguka k'umuvuduko muke mu bushyuhe bwinshi bigabanya ibyago byo kwangirika biterwa n'ubushyuhe.

2. Gutegura Anode Paste
Muri paste ya anode, coke ya peteroli ya grafiti ikoreshwa cyane cyane nk'inyongera ya karuboni n'ibikoresho biyobora amashanyarazi, hamwe n'ingaruka zikurikira:

• Kongera ubushobozi bw'amashanyarazi: Imiterere ya grafiti ituma habaho gukwirakwira kw'amashanyarazi mu buryo bumwe, bigabanya ubwinshi bw'amashanyarazi akoreshwa mu gukwirakwiza anode.
• Ubudahangarwa bwo kurwanya ogisijeni: Ingano nke ya sulfur (ubusanzwe <0.06%) igabanya guturika kw'umwuka uterwa na gazi mu gihe cyo gukorana na CO₂, ikagabanya ikoreshwa rya anode kuri toni imwe y'icyuma (urugero, igabanuka rya 12% mu ikoreshwa ry'ikigo runaka).
• Imiterere y'imyenge myiza: Graphitization igabanya porosity ya pitch coke, yongera ubucucike bwa anode n'imbaraga za mekanike.

II. Ibyiza by'ingenzi bya Koke ya Peteroli ifite Graphitized kurusha Koke ya Peteroli ifite Calcined

Ibyiza byihariye:
1. Kunoza Imikorere y'Amashanyarazi

• Ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ingufu za peteroli za graphitized coke buri hasi ho 30%–50% ugereranyije n’iza calcined coke, bigabanya cyane ikoreshwa ry’ingufu za selile za electrolysis. Urugero, muri electrode za needle coke za mm 750, amashanyarazi arenze aya coke isanzwe inshuro eshatu, bigatuma imikorere y’icyuma irushaho kuba myiza kugeza ku minota 25 kuri buri itanura.
• Ingano nke ya sulfur igabanya ingaruka hagati ya anode na electrolytes zirimo fluoride, bigabanya kubyimba guterwa n'imyuka kandi bikongera igihe cy'ubuzima bwa anode.

2. Kunoza Imiterere y'Imashini

• Guhindura imiterere y'ibintu byongera ubukana bw'ibintu no kudahangana n'ubushyuhe. Mu bidukikije bifite ubushyuhe bwinshi, ikigereranyo cyo kwaguka k'ubushyuhe bwa cathode za grafiti ni 30% munsi y'icya coke ya calcined, bigabanya kwangirika kw'imiterere y'ibintu bitewe n'ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe.
• Ubucucike nyabwo buri hejuru (≥2.18 g/cm³) byongera ubucucike bw'ibikoresho, bigabanya kwinjira kw'amazi ya aluminiyumu no gushonga kwa sodiyumu.

3. Inyungu ku bidukikije n'ubukungu

• Kugabanuka kw'ingano ya sulfur bigabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere ya SO₂, bikubahiriza amabwiriza agenga ibidukikije. Urugero, uruganda rwa aluminiyumu rukoresha coke ifite sulfure nkeya rwagabanyije imyuka ihumanya ikirere ya SO₂ kuri toni ya aluminiyumu ho 15%.
• Nubwo ibiciro byari hejuru (hafi inshuro 1.5-2 ugereranyije n’ibiciro bya koke ya calcium), igihe kirekire cyo kubaho no gukoresha ingufu nke byagabanyije ishoramari rya mbere. Urugero, igihe cyo kubaho cya cathode block cyariyongereye kiva ku myaka 5 kigera kuri 8, bigabanya ibiciro muri rusange ho 20%.

III. Imanza zo Gukoresha no Gushyigikira Amakuru

• Inganda za Electrolysis ya Aluminium: Ku isi yose, 70% bya coke irimo calcium ikoreshwa muri anode za aluminium electrolysis, ariko amasoko yo ku rwego rwo hejuru (urugero, cathodes za graphitized) arimo gukoresha coke ya graphitized. Hari ikigo cyagabanyije ikoreshwa rya anode kuva kuri 420 kg/t-Al kugeza kuri 370 kg/t-Al nyuma yo gukoresha cathodes za graphitized, bigatuma RMB izigama miliyoni 200 buri mwaka.
• Inganda z'Ibyuma: Electrode za 750 mm zikoresha umuyoboro wa A 100.000 zageze ku musaruro mwiza wo gukora ibyuma mu minota 25 kuri buri itanura, hamwe n'ubushobozi bwo gutwara amashanyarazi buruta inshuro eshatu ugereranyije na coke isanzwe.
• Urwego rwo kubika ingufu: Koke yahinduwe na asphalt yongereye ubuzima bw'uruziga rwa anode ya karubone ikomeye ku nshuro 400, irushaho gukomera ku masoko ya bateri ya sodium-ion.

IV. Umwanzuro

Coke ya peteroli ifite grafiti, binyuze mu gupima ubushyuhe bwinshi, igaragaza ubuziranenge buhebuje, ubushobozi bwo gutwara amashanyarazi, no kudahungabana k'ubushyuhe ugereranije na coke ya peteroli ifite calcium, bigatuma iba nziza cyane mu gupima cathode blocks za aluminium electrolysis no gukora paste yihariye ya anode. Nubwo ihenze cyane, igihe cyayo cyo kuramba, gukoresha neza ingufu, n'inyungu ku bidukikije biyishyira nk'ibikoresho by'ingenzi mu kuvugurura inganda za aluminium. Iterambere ry'ejo hazaza mu ikoranabuhanga rya grafiti (urugero, gukoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi kuri 3000°C) rizarushaho kwagura ikoreshwa ryayo muri grafiti ya nuclear, anode za bateri ya lithium-ion, n'izindi nzego zigezweho.