Ni ibihe bipimo by'ingenzi by'imikorere ya graphitization?

Guhindura imiterere y'ibice bya karubone bidafite ishingiro, bikaba imiterere ya kristali ya graphitique, ibipimo byayo by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku rugero rwa graphitique, imiterere y'ibikoresho, n'umusaruro. Dore ibipimo by'ingenzi by'imikorere n'ibipimo bya tekiniki mu gushushanya:

I. Ibipimo by'ubushyuhe bw'ibanze

Ingano y'ubushyuhe bw'intego
Gutunganya imiterere y'icyuma bisaba ibikoresho bishyushya kugeza kuri 2300–3000°C, aho:

• 2500℃ ni yo ngingo y'ingenzi yo kugabanya cyane intera iri hagati y'ibice bya grafiti, bigatangiza ishyirwaho ry'imiterere ikurikije gahunda;
• Ku bushyuhe bwa 3000℃, graphitization iri hafi kurangira, aho intera iri hagati y’ibice ihagaze kuri 0.3354 nm (agaciro ka grafiti keza) naho graphitization ikaba irenga 90%.

Igihe cyo Kugumana Ubushyuhe Bukabije

• Gumana ubushyuhe bw'inyongera mu gihe cy'amasaha 6-30 kugira ngo ubushyuhe bw'itanura bukwirakwira neza;
• Hakenewe amasaha 3-6 yo gukomeza mu gihe cy'amashanyarazi kugira ngo hirindwe ko ingufu zisubira inyuma kandi hirindwe inenge ziterwa n'ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe.

II. Kugenzura uburyo bwo gushyushya

Ingamba zo Gushyushya mu byiciro

• Icyiciro cyo gushyushya cya mbere (0–1000℃): Gigenzurwa kuri 50℃/h kugira ngo gitere imbaraga buhoro buhoro zo kurekura ibintu bihindagurika (urugero: kaburimbo, imyuka) no gukumira guturika kw'itanura;
• Icyiciro cyo gushyushya (1000–2500℃): Byongereye kugeza kuri 100℃/h uko imbaraga z'amashanyarazi zigabanuka, hamwe n'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi uhinduka kugira ngo ingufu zikomeze kugumana;
• Icyiciro cyo gusubiranamo ubushyuhe bwinshi (2500–3000℃): Bimara amasaha 20–30 kugira ngo birangize gusana inenge za lattice no kongera gutunganya microcrystalline.

Imicungire y'ibibazo ihindagurika

• Ibikoresho fatizo bigomba kuvangwa hashingiwe ku bipimo bihindagurika kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibintu bihinduka ahantu runaka;
• Umwobo w'umwuka ushyirwa mu byuma bikingira umwuka kugira ngo habeho uburyo bwo gusohoka neza;
• Umuvuduko w'ubushyuhe ugabanuka mu gihe cy'ibyuka bihumanya cyane (urugero, 800–1200℃) kugira ngo hirindwe ko umuriro utuzuye n'umwotsi w'umukara usohoka.

III. Gutunganya uburyo bwo gushyiramo umuriro mu itanura

Gukwirakwiza ibikoresho birwanya ubwiza bumwe

• Ibikoresho birwanya bigomba gukwirakwizwa ku buryo bungana kuva ku mutwe w'itanura kugeza ku murizo binyuze mu gupakira umurongo muremure kugira ngo hirindwe ko imigezi iterwa no gukururana kw'uduce duto;
• Ibikoresho bishya n'ibyakoreshejwe bigomba kuvangwa neza kandi bitemewe gushyirwa mu byiciro kugira ngo hirindwe ubushyuhe bwinshi buterwa n'ihindagurika ry'ubudahangarwa.

Guhitamo ibikoresho by'inyongera no kugenzura ingano y'uduce

• ≤10% by'ibikoresho by'inyongera bigomba kuba bigizwe n'ibice bya mm 0–1 kugira ngo bigabanye ubukana bw'ubudahangarwa;
• Ibikoresho by'inyongera bifite ivu rike (<1%) n'ibikoresho bihindagurika cyane (<5%) ni byo byibanzeho kugira ngo bigabanye ibyago byo kwinjizwa kw'imyanda.

IV. Kugenzura Gukonjesha no Gupakurura Ibikoresho

Uburyo bwo gukonjesha bisanzwe

• Gukonjesha hakoreshejwe amazi akoreshwa ku ngufu birabujijwe; ahubwo ibikoresho bikurwaho urwego ku rundi hakoreshejwe ibikoresho byo gufata cyangwa gukurura kugira ngo hirindwe ko ubushyuhe bucika;
• Igihe cyo gukonjesha kigomba kuba iminsi ≥7 kugira ngo ubushyuhe bukomeze kwiyongera buhoro buhoro mu bikoresho.

Gupakurura Ubushyuhe n'Imikorere y'Ingufu

• Gupakurura neza bibaho iyo ibikoresho byo mu mazi bigeze kuri ~ 150°C; gukuraho imburagihe bitera ogisijeni y'ibintu (ubwiyongere bw'ubuso bwihariye) no kwangirika kw'ibikoresho byo mu mazi;
• Igishishwa cy'ubugari bwa mm 1–5 (kirimo imyanda mito) kiba ku buso bushobora gupakururwa mu gihe cyo gupakurura ibintu kandi kigomba kubikwa ukwacyo, hamwe n'ibikoresho byujuje ibisabwa bipakiye mu mifuka ya toni kugira ngo byoherezwe.

V. Gupima Impamyabushobozi ya Graphitization n'Isano ry'Umutungo

Uburyo bwo gupima

• Gutandukanya X-ray (XRD): Ibara intera iri hagati y’ibice d002​ binyuze mu mwanya wa (002) w’agace k ...

(aho c0​ ari intera yapimwe hagati y’ibice; g=84.05% mugihe d002​=0.3360nm).

• Raman Spectroscopy: Ipima igipimo cya graphitization binyuze mu gipimo cy'ubukana bwa D-peak na G-peak.

Ingaruka ku mutungo

• Buri kwiyongera kwa 0.1 mu gipimo cya graphitization bigabanya ubushyuhe bwa resistivity ho 30% kandi byongera ubushyuhe bwa conductivity ho 25%;
• Ibikoresho bifite grafiti nyinshi (> 90%) bigira ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu kugeza kuri 1.2 × 10⁵ S/m, nubwo gukomera kw'ingaruka bishobora kugabanuka, bigasaba ubuhanga bw'ibikoresho bivanze kugira ngo bihuze imikorere.

VI. Gutunganya Ibipimo by'Inzira Zigezweho

Gutunganya Graphitization mu buryo bwa Catalytic

• Katalogeri z'icyuma/nikeli zikora ibyiciro by'intera bya Fe₃C/Ni₃C, bigabanya ubushyuhe bwa grafitizasiyo kugeza kuri 2200℃;
• Katalogeri za boroni zihurira mu bice bya karuboni kugira ngo zirusheho gutondeka, zikenera ubushyuhe bwa 2300°C.

Graphitization y'ubushyuhe bwinshi cyane

• Gushyushya plasma arc (ubushyuhe bwa argon plasma core: 15,000℃) bigeza ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa 3200℃ na dogere za grafitis >99%, bikaba bikwiriye kuri grafiti ya nuclear-grade na aerospace-grade.

Gutunganya ikoranabuhanga rya Microwave

• Micro-onde za 2.45 GHz zitera imitingito ya atome ya karuboni, bigatuma ubushyuhe bugera kuri 500℃/min nta bushyuhe burimo, nubwo bugarukira ku bice bifite inkuta nto (<50 mm).