Ibintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku ihindagurika ry'ibiciro ku isoko rya peteroli rya Graphitized Coke
I. Uruhande rw'Ibisabwa: Kwagura Inganda Zikiri Mu Mihanda no Kuzamuka kw'Ingeri Nshya
- Ibisabwa n'inganda za Electrolytic Aluminium na Graphite Electrode
Koke ya peteroli ifite grafiti ikora nk'ibikoresho by'ingenzi bya anode zatetse mu nganda za aluminiyumu zikoresha amashanyarazi, ikaba n'ibikoresho by'ingenzi mu gukora electrode za grafiti. Ihindagurika ry'ubushobozi bwa aluminiyumu zikoresha amashanyarazi rigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku busabe:- 2017–2018: Izamuka ry’umusaruro w’icyuma gikoreshwa mu itanura ry’amashanyarazi ryatumye igiciro cya electrode ya grafiti cyiyongera, aho ibiciro bya peteroli bya coke byazamutse cyane kuva kuri RMB 1,200 kuri toni bikagera kuri RMB 7,000 kuri toni.
- 2024: Kubuza imyuka ihumanya ikirere byatumye zimwe mu nganda zikora aluminiyumu zigabanya umusaruro, bigabanya ikiguzi cya kokayine ikomoka kuri peteroli ndetse bigabanya ibiciro.
- Urwego rwo kubika ingufu za batiri: Gushaka cyane kwa electrode za grafiti byarushijeho kuzamura ibiciro bya peteroli.
- Ubwiyongere bukabije bw'ubukene bw'ibikoresho bya Lithium Bateri Anode
- 2024: Ubusabe ku isi hose bw'ibikoresho bya anode bya bateri ya lithium bwageze kuri toni miliyoni 2.2, bisaba toni zisaga miliyoni 3 za coke ya peteroli, ariko ubwinshi bw'ibikoresho byatanzwe bwari toni miliyoni 2.6 gusa, bituma habaho icyuho cya 13% by'ubwikorezi.
- 2025: Ibigo by’ubucuruzi by’ibikoresho bya anode byo mu Bushinwa byateganyije ubushobozi bwo gukora toni zirenga miliyoni 5 (zirenze cyane icyifuzo cyateganijwe ku isi cya toni miliyoni 3.5), bikongera ipiganwa ku bikoresho fatizo no gutuma ibiciro bya coke ya peteroli ya sulfure iri hasi bigera kuri RMB 6,000 kuri toni, izamuka rya 150% ugereranyije n’intangiriro za 2023.
- Ubwiyongere bw'igikenewe mu nganda zikora ifotovoltaic
- 2024: Ubusabe ku isi hose bwa koke ya peteroli yo mu rwego rwa photovoltaic bwazamutseho 35%, aho abakora ibikoresho bya silikoni (urugero: Tongwei, GCL) bahatanira umutungo wa koke idafite sulfur nyinshi, bituma ibiciro bizamuka.
II. Uruhande rw'ibicuruzwa: Kugabanuka k'ubushobozi n'ihungabana ry'uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa
- Igabanuka ry'ubushobozi bwo gutunganya amavuta
- Politiki Mpuzamahanga ya "Dual Carbon": Kwihutisha igabanuka ry’ubushobozi bwo gutunganya ibintu bishaje mu Burayi no muri Amerika byatumye ubushobozi bwo gutunganya ibintu mu Burayi bugabanukaho 8% uko umwaka utashye, ndetse n’igipimo cyo guhagarika gukora ibintu mu nganda zitunganya peteroli zo muri Amerika mu 2024, bigabanya cyane itangwa rya peteroli ya coke nkeya.
- Ifungwa ry’uruganda rw’ibinyabutabire rwo mu Bushinwa: Muri Gashyantare 2025, uruganda rwigenga rwa Shandong (Guangrao, Rizhao, Zibo) rwatangaje ifungwa ry’ibinyabutabire mu gihe kitazwi, birushaho gukaza isoko.
- Gutekereza ku bubiko bw'ibicuruzwa n'uburyo abacuruzi babibika
- Ubucuruzi bukusanya imitungo: Mu 2024, abacuruzi bakusanyije imitungo myinshi cyane, bagabanya imigabane y’ibyambu by’imbere mu gihugu kuva kuri toni miliyoni 2 mu 2023 igera kuri toni 800.000, bituma habaho "ibura ry’ibitari byo."
- Gushingira ku bicuruzwa biva mu gihugu: Ubushinwa bwatumije koka ifite sulfure nyinshi iturutse mu Burusiya na Venezuwela, bukoresha uburyo bwo gukuraho sulfure kugira ngo bigabanye igitutu cy’ibicuruzwa, nubwo ibiciro byazamutseho 5%.
- Ingorane za politiki n'imbogamizi mu bucuruzi
- Amabwiriza yo kohereza grafiti muri Amerika mu Bushinwa: Byatumye ibigo by’ubucuruzi by’ibikomoka kuri anode byo mu Bushinwa byishingikiriza kuri koke y’ibikomoka kuri peteroli yo mu gihugu, bikongera igitutu cy’ibyifuzo by’imbere mu gihugu.
- Izamuka ry'ibiciro bya peteroli: Mu 2024, ibiciro mpuzamahanga bya peteroli byarenze ku madolari 120 ku icupa rimwe, bituma abatunganya peteroli bagabanya umusaruro, bituma ibura rya peteroli rirushaho kwiyongera.
III. Politiki n'amabwiriza agenga ibidukikije: Izamuka ry'ibiciro n'ihindagurika ry'ikoranabuhanga
- Politiki zikaze zo kubungabunga ibidukikije
- Ubwiyongere bw'ubukene bwa coke ya sulfure: Coke ya lisafuriya ya sulfure nkeya (ingano ya sulfure <0.5%) yagaragaye ko ubukene bwinshi cyane ugereranyije na coke ya sulfure nyinshi bitewe no kubahiriza amahame agenga ibidukikije, bikongera icyuho cy'ibiciro.
- Ibiciro by'umusaruro biri hejuru: Izamuka ry'ibiciro byo kubahiriza ibidukikije ku bakora peteroli rya koka ryazamuye ibiciro.
- Akaga ko gusimbuza ikoranabuhanga
- Izamuka ry’uturemangingo dushingiye kuri silikoni: Umusaruro wa Tesla wa bateri 4680 zifite uturemangingo twa silikoni-karuboni wongereye ubucucike bw’ingufu ku kigero cya 20%. Ibiciro bya coke biri hejuru cyane bya peteroli bishobora kwihutisha iyi gahunda yo gusimbuza.
- Kugaruka kwa grafiti karemano: Grafiti karemano yahinduwe ku buso (urugero, nano-silicon carbide coating) yageze ku buzima bw'izenguruka burenga 2.000 ku giciro gito cya 30% ugereranyije na grafiti y'ubukorikori, isimbura igice cy'ikenerwa rya peteroli ya coke.
IV. Ibyerekeye isoko n'ibitekerezo ku gishoro
- Isesengura ry'uburyo bwo kohereza ibiciro
- Igitutu cy’ibiciro kiri hasi: Ibigo bikomeye byo mu Bushinwa bya bateri za lithium byasabye kugabanywa ibiciro bya anode ku kigero cya 15%, bigabanya inyungu mbumbe y’abakora peteroli ya graphitized coke kuva kuri 35% kugera kuri 8%.
- Igihe cyo kwishyura cyararangiye: Igihe cyo kwishyura cyaragiye kuva ku minsi 90 kugeza ku minsi 180, byongera ibyago byo kwinjira mu mafaranga ku bigo bito n'ibiciriritse.
- Ubushobozi n'Iterambere ry'Inganda
- Ingano y’isoko: CR5 (ibigo bitanu bya mbere) yabonye imigabane ku isoko izamuka kuva kuri 70% igera kuri 85%, aho ibigo by’inyongera byavuye ku isoko ku bwinshi.
- Irushanwa ku isi: Ibigo by’Ubuyapani na Koreya y’Epfo (urugero, POSCO Chemical) byihutishije kugura abacuruzi bo mu Bushinwa bo mu cyiciro cya kabiri kugira ngo bigarurire isoko risigaye.
V. Icyerekezo cy'ejo hazaza: Ingano y'ibicuruzwa n'ibikenewe n'izamuka ry'ibiciro
- Imihangayiko Igabanuka
- 2H 2025: Biteganijwe ko ubushobozi bushya bwo gutunganya mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati no mu Buhinde buzagabanya icyuho cy’ingufu nke za koka ya sulfure kugeza kuri 5%.
- Ingaruka mbi
- Amavuta akozwe mu icupa arengeje USD 150 ku icupa: Igipimo gito cy’ikoreshwa ry’inganda zitunganya peteroli gishobora gutuma ibiciro bya peteroli bya coke bigera kuri RMB 8,000 kuri toni.
- Impinduka mu Igenamigambi ry'Ikoranabuhanga
- Grafiti y’ubukorikori: Imigabane y’isoko izagabanuka kuva kuri 80% kugeza kuri 60%, igakomeza kuba inzira ikomeye.
- Grafiti karemano: Umugabane uzava kuri 15% ukagera kuri 25%, bivanemo inyungu ku giciro.
- Ishingiye kuri silikoni/karuboni ikomeye: Ingano izamuka kuva kuri 5% kugeza kuri 15%, bikingura icyiciro cya kabiri cy'iterambere.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 16 Nzeri 2025