Ni izihe ngingo, ibyiza n'ibibi by'ibikoresho bitandukanye byo gukora koke ya peteroli ifite graphitized?

Mu ikorwa rya koke ya peteroli ya grafiti, ibikoresho bitandukanye bigeraho mu ihinduka ry’imiterere ya atome ya karuboni binyuze mu mahame yabyo yihariye, ibyiza n’ibibi byabyo bigaragarira cyane cyane mu ikoreshwa ry’ingufu, imikorere myiza, ubwiza bw’ibicuruzwa, n’ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga ibikoresho. Hasi hari isesengura ry’ibikoresho by’ingenzi, hamwe n’amahame yabyo, ibyiza n’ibibi:

I. Igikoresho cyo gushushanya (Graphitization Furnace)

Ihame:
Itanura rya graphitization rikoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi (ubusanzwe rigera kuri 2400-3000°C), rikoresha ingufu zikoreshwa mu bushyuhe kugira ngo ritume atome za karuboni zihinduka ziva ku nyubako y’urutonde rudasobanutse zijya ku nyubako ya kristale ya graphite, bityo rigasoza inzira ya graphitization. Ishingiro ryaryo riri mu gutanga ibidukikije birambye kandi bingana ku bushyuhe bwinshi kugira ngo habeho kuvugurura imiterere ya atome za karuboni muri coke ya peteroli.

Ibyiza:

• Ubwiza bw'ibicuruzwa: Ishobora gukora peteroli ya graphised coke ifite karubone nyinshi, sulfur nkeya, na azote nkeya, ikaba yujuje ibisabwa ku byuma bisukura cyane mu nganda z'ibyuma bigezweho, ibyuma byihariye, n'ibyuma bicukura ibyuma.
• Uburyo bwo gukura: Nk'ibikoresho gakondo, inzira yabyo y'ikoranabuhanga irahamye kandi ikwiriye gukorwa ku rwego runini.

Ibibi:

• Ingufu nyinshi zikoreshwa: Gutunganya ubushyuhe bwinshi bisaba ingufu nyinshi z'amashanyarazi, bingana na 50% by'ikiguzi cyose cya grafiti y'ubukorikori.
• Igihe kirekire cyo gukora: Amatanura ahoraho yo gushushanya amarangi akenera iminsi 10-20 kugira ngo akonje kandi asohore ibikoresho, bikongera igihe cyose cyo gukora.
• Ibiciro byo Gusana Ibikoresho Bikomeye: Ubushyuhe bwinshi bwihutisha gusaza kw'ibikoresho byo mu itanura, bigasaba ko bikorwa buri gihe.

II. Ifuru ikomeza gukoresha Graphitization (Ibikoresho Binoze)

Ihame:
Ifuru ikomeza gukoresha graphitization ikoresha imiterere y’ahantu hashyuha cyane, ituma peteroli ishobora kuyumisha, gukaranga, gukaranga, no gukonjesha mu gihe inyura mu itanura, bigatuma umusaruro ukomeza. Ishingiro ryayo riri mu kugabanya igihe cyo gutunganya kuri buri gice cy’ibikoresho binyuze mu gukwirakwira kw’amazi.

Ibyiza:

• Umusaruro Ukora neza: Nta guhagarara k'amashanyarazi, ibikoresho bihora byimuka mu itanura, bigabanyiriza igihe cyo gutunganya kuri buri gice kugeza ku masaha menshi cyangwa iminsi.
• Ingufu nke zikoreshwa: Mu kunoza ikoreshwa ry'ubushyuhe no kugabanya ingendo zidasanzwe zo gushyushya, ikoreshwa ry'ingufu ku bicuruzwa rigabanuka.
• Ubwiza bw'Igicuruzwa Buhamye: Kugenzura ubushyuhe bw'ahantu hashyushye bigabanya ubushyuhe bukabije cyangwa ubushyuhe budahagije, bikongera imiterere y'igicuruzwa.

Ibibi:

• Ubushobozi bwo hejuru bw'ibikoresho: Hakenewe kugenzura neza umuvuduko w'amazi mu bikoresho, ikwirakwizwa ry'ahantu hashyuha, n'ibindi bipimo, bigatuma habaho urwego rwo hejuru rw'ikoranabuhanga.
• Ishoramari ry'ibanze rinini: Igiciro cy'ubwubatsi bw'umurongo uhoraho w'umusaruro kiri hejuru ugereranije n'icy'ibikoresho bisanzwe.

III. Imashini yo gusya neza cyane (Ibikoresho by'ubufasha)

Ihame:
Iyi mashini isya ibintu bito cyane ikoresha uburyo bwo gukubita, gukata no gusohora ibintu mu buryo bwihuse kugira ngo ivungure peteroli ya graphitized coke ikayihinduramo uduce duto twa micron (urugero, mesh 200), ihuze n'ibisabwa ku bunini bw'uduce ku bikorwa byihariye nk'inyongera za rubber.

Ibyiza:

• Kugenzura neza ingano y'uduce: Ishobora gukora ifu nziza cyane kuva kuri 0.001-0.1mm, ijyanye n'ibyo isoko rikeneye cyane.
• Igishushanyo mbonera cy'ibikoresho bidafite ibara ry'uruhu: Gukoresha ibikoresho bikomeye cyane mu gusya inyundo n'impeta z'ibikoresho byongera igihe cyo kubaho kw'ibikoresho.
• Uburyo bworoshye bwo gukora ibintu: Uburyo bwo gushyira mu byiciro no gukusanya ibintu bugabanya uburyo bwo gukora ibintu hakoreshejwe intoki, bigatuma umusaruro uhora uhindagurika.

Ibibi:

• Kongera Ingufu zikoreshwa hamwe no kunoza ingano y'uduce: Gusya kugeza ku rugero rwa mikoroni bisaba ingufu nyinshi, bigatuma ingufu zikoreshwa mu gicuruzwa ziyongera.
• Igiciro Gihanitse cy'Ibikoresho: Ibikoresho bya Superhard alloy hamwe na sisitemu zo gushyira mu byiciro neza bigira uruhare mu ishoramari ryinshi ry’ibanze.

IV. Ifuru yo gukaranga (Ibikoresho byo kuvura mbere)

Ihame:
Ifuru ya calcination ifata coke mbisi ya peteroli ku bushyuhe bugera kuri 1300°C kugira ngo ikureho ibintu bihindagurika kandi byongere ingano ya karuboni, bitanga ibikoresho fatizo byiza byo gukoresha mu gushushanya nyuma. Ishingiro ryayo riri mu kugenzura ubushyuhe bwa calcination n'igihe kugira ngo hirindwe gushya cyane.

Ibyiza:

• Ubwiza bw'ibikoresho fatizo burushijeho kuba bwiza: Gutunganya calcium bigabanya ibintu bihindagurika kandi byongera imbaraga za mekanike, bigatuma peteroli coke irushaho kuba nziza mu gukoresha graphitization.
• Guhuza neza n'imikorere: Ishobora gutunganya peteroli ya coke iturutse ahantu hatandukanye, igafasha mu buryo butandukanye bw'ibikoresho fatizo.

Ibibi:

• Ingufu nyinshi zikoreshwa: Gushyushya buri gihe kugira ngo habeho calcination y'ubushyuhe bwinshi byongera ikiguzi cy'ingufu.
• Igitutu gikomeye ku bidukikije: Gutwika ibintu bihindagurika bishobora guteza imyanda, bigasaba uburyo bwo gutunganya imyuka yo mu mugongo.

V. Igereranya ry'ibikoresho n'inama zo guhitamo

Ibyifuzo byo guhitamo:

• Shyira imbere itanura rya grafitisation niba ubwiza n'ubudahangarwa ari byo by'ingenzi, kandi igiciro kikaba gito.
• Hitamo itanura rikoresha graphite rihoraho niba kongera umusaruro no kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu ari byo by'ingenzi.
• Imashini isya ibintu bito cyane ni ingenzi cyane mu gihe igamije kugurisha ifu ihanitse cyane.
• Ifuru yo gukaraba, nk'ibikoresho byo kuvura mbere, igomba gushyirwa mu buryo bworoshye hashingiwe ku bwiza bw'ibikoresho fatizo.