Ni iyihe ngufu ikoreshwa mu gushushanya imiterere y'ingufu kuri koke ya peteroli ya graphitized?

Uburyo bwo gukoresha peteroli ya graphitized coke ni ikintu gisanzwe gikoreshwa mu gukora ingufu nyinshi, gifite imiterere y’ikoreshwa ryayo ry’ingufu n’ibintu by’ingenzi bigira ingaruka kuri ibi bikurikira:

I. Amakuru y'ingenzi ku ikoreshwa ry'ingufu

1. Icyuho kiri hagati y’ikoreshwa ry’ingufu zishingiye ku gitekerezo n’izishingiye ku gitekerezo Iyo ubushyuhe bwa grafitis bugeze kuri 3,000°C, ingufu zikoreshwa mu gitekerezo kuri toni imwe y’ibicuruzwa bitetse ni 1,360 kWh. Ariko, mu musaruro nyawo, ibigo byo mu gihugu bikunze gukoresha kWh 4,000–5,500 kuri toni, bingana n’inshuro 3–4 z’agaciro ka gihangano. Urugero, uruganda runini rwa karuboni rukora toni 100,000 za electrode za grafiti buri mwaka rukoresha kWh 3,000–5,000 kuri toni mu gihe cyo gushushanya, bigaragaza ingufu nyinshi. 2. Ingano y’Ikiguzi Mu gukora ibikoresho bya grafiti anode y’ubukorano, ikiguzi cya grafitis kigera kuri 50% by’ikiguzi cyose, bigatuma biba ahantu heza ho kugabanya ikiguzi. Amafaranga akoreshwa mu mashanyarazi arenga 60% by’ikiguzi cyose cya grafitis, bigena neza ubukungu bw’igikorwa.

II. Isesengura ry'impamvu zikoreshwa cyane mu gukoresha ingufu

1. Ibisabwa by'ibanze mu mikorere ya grafiti bisaba ubushyuhe buri hejuru (2,800–3,000°C) kugira ngo atome za karuboni zihindurwe mu buryo butaringaniye mu miterere ya grafiti zihindurwe mu buryo bwa kristu. Ubu buryo busaba ingufu zihoraho kugira ngo habeho ubudahangarwa hagati ya atome, bigatuma hakoreshwa ingufu nyinshi.

2. Imikorere gakondo idakora neza cyane

• Acheson Furnace: Uburyo busanzwe, ariko bufite ubushobozi bwo gukoresha ubushyuhe bwa 30% gusa, bivuze ko 30% by'ingufu z'amashanyarazi gusa ari byo bikoreshwa mu gushushanya ibikoresho, mu gihe ibisigaye bipfa ubusa binyuze mu gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe mu itanura no gukoresha ibikoresho birwanya ubushyuhe.
• Imikorere miremire yo gukoresha ingufu: Igihe cyo gukoresha umuriro umwe gitangira amasaha 40-100, aho imikorere imara iminsi 20-30, ibyo bigatuma ikoreshwa ry'ingufu rirushaho kwiyongera. 3. Imbogamizi ku bikoresho n'imikorere
• Ubucucike bw'umuriro w'ingufuri buterwa n'ubushobozi bw'amashanyarazi. Kongera ubucucike bw'umuriro w'ingufuri bishobora kugabanya igihe cyo gukoresha umuriro ariko bisaba kuvugurura ibikoresho, bigateza imbere ikiguzi cy'ishoramari.
• Ubwiyongere bw'ubushyuhe buragabanuka kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibicuruzwa byangirika bitewe n'ubushyuhe, bigabanyiriza umwanya wo gukoresha ingufu mu kugabanya.

III. Iterambere n'ingaruka z'ikoranabuhanga rizigama ingufu

1. Gukoresha ubwoko bushya bw'ifuru

• Ifuru yo Gushyushya Ingufu: Ihame: Ishyushya electrodes mu buryo butaziguye nta bikoresho bya resistor, ikagabanya ubushyuhe. Ingaruka: Igabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu ho 20%–35% kandi ikagabanya igihe cyo gushyushya kugeza ku masaha 7–16.
• Ifuru yo mu bwoko bwa Agasanduku: Ihame: Igabanya igice cy'imbere cy'ifuru mu byumba byinshi, hamwe n'ibikoresho bya anode bishyirwa mu dusanduku dufite icyuma gishyushya iyo gikoreshejwe. Ingaruka: Yongera ubushobozi bwo gukoresha ifuru imwe, yongera ikoreshwa ry'ingufu ku kigero cya ~ 10% gusa, igabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu ku kigero cya 40%–50%, kandi ikuraho ikiguzi cy'ibikoresho bya resistor.
• Ifuru ihoraho: Ihame: Ituma habaho umusaruro uhoraho (gutanga, gutanga ingufu, gukonjesha, gupakurura), yirinda gutakaza ubushyuhe bitewe no gukora kw'itanura rimwe na rimwe. Ingaruka: Igabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu ku kigero cya ~60%, igabanya cyane imikorere y'ingufu, kandi ikongera imikorere. 2. Ingamba zo kunoza imikorere
• Inyubako zo gukingira umuriro mu itanura zinoze kugira ngo hagabanuke ubushyuhe no kongera ubushobozi bw'ubushyuhe.
• Guteza imbere imiterere myiza y'ubushyuhe kugira ngo ubushyuhe bukwirakwizwe kimwe kandi hagabanywe ikoreshwa ry'ingufu.
• Sisitemu zigezweho zo kugenzura ubushyuhe zifite uburyo bwo kugenzura ahantu henshi hamwe na algorithms z’ubwenge zo gucunga neza imiyoboro y’ubushyuhe, hirindwa gusesagura ingufu.

IV. Ingendo n'imbogamizi mu nganda

1. Kwimura ubushobozi Ubushobozi bwo gukoresha grafiti buri kwibanda mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'Ubushinwa, bukoresha ibiciro biri hasi by'amashanyarazi yo mu gace kugira ngo bigabanye ibiciro. Urugero, Mongolia y'imbere ifite 47% by'ubushobozi bwo gukoresha grafiti mu gihugu, ikaba ihuriro ry'ibanze ry'umusaruro. 2. Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga rishingiye kuri politiki Mu rwego rwa politiki yo gukoresha ingufu "zibiri", ubushobozi bwo gukoresha grafiti mu ngufu nyinshi buhura n'imbogamizi, bigatuma ibigo bikoresha inzira zo kuzigama ingufu. Ibigo bifite ubushobozi bwo gukora umusaruro buhuriweho (urugero, kwiha graphiti) bibona inyungu zo guhangana, bikihutisha kwihuza kw'isoko ku bakinnyi bakomeye. 3. Ingaruka zo gusimbuza ikoranabuhanga Nubwo amatanura ahoraho n'ubundi ikoranabuhanga rishya bitanga kuzigama ingufu cyane, ibiciro byabyo byo hejuru by'ibikoresho n'imbogamizi za tekiniki bibangamira gusimbuza vuba amatanura asanzwe ya Acheson. Ibigo bigomba kuringaniza ishoramari ryo kuvugurura ikoranabuhanga n'inyungu z'igihe kirekire.