Ni iyihe ntarengwa ntarengwa yemewe kugira ngo sulfure yinjire mu itanura kugira ngo anode ibe nziza?

Amahame yo kuvanga igipimo cya peteroli ya Coke n'ibikubiye muri sulfure bihinduka:

Ni iyihe sarufe ntarengwa yemewe ku biryo byo mu ifuru kugira ngo hamenyekane ubwiza bwa anode?**

Mu gukora anode za aluminium zitetse mbere, urugero ntarengwa rwemewe rwa sulfur ku biryo by'itanura ubusanzwe ni 3.0% kugira ngo hamenyekane ubwiza bwa anode. Uru rugero rushingiye ku mahame shingiro n'iby'ingenzi bikurikira:

1. Ingaruka ebyiri z'umubumbe wa sulfure ku mikorere ya Anode

• Ibyiza byo kugira Sulfure nkeya:
  Iyo ingano ya sulfur iri hasi (urugero, ≤2.0%), ubushyuhe bwa anode buhagarara neza kandi ubushobozi bwo kurwanya oxidation burarushaho kwiyongera, bigabanya imyuka ya sulfur oxide (SOₓ) mu gihe cy'amashanyarazi kandi bigabanya ibyago byo kwangiza ibidukikije. Byongeye kandi, coke nke ya sulfur igabanya gucika kwa anode, kwangirika, no gukoreshwa cyane mu gihe cyo kongera igihe cyo kuyikoresha.
• Ingaruka zo kugira Sulfure nyinshi:
  Ingano nyinshi ya sulfur (urugero, >3.0%) yongera cyane ubushyuhe bwa anode, bigatera gucika no kwangirika mu gihe cy'amashanyarazi, ibyo bigatuma ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi rigabanuka cyane. Byongeye kandi, sulfur ikora sulfide (urugero, FeS) mu gihe cy'amashanyarazi, yongera ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'umugozi wa anode na anode ya karuboni, yongera igabanuka ry'amashanyarazi, kandi yongera ingufu zikoreshwa.

2. Amahame yo kuvanga igipimo: Kugenzura ingano y'ibiryo bya sulfure mu ifuru ≤3.0%

• Kuvanga Coke ifite Sulfur nyinshi n'ifite Sulfur nkeya:
  Coke ifite sulfure nyinshi (urugero, 4.5% ya sufure) ishobora kuvangwa na coke ifite sulfure nke (urugero, 1.2% ya sufure) kugira ngo igabanye neza ingano ya sufure ya coke ivanze. Urugero, igipimo cya 1:1 cyo kuvanga gitanga ingano ya sufure ivanze ya 2.85%, ikuzuza imipaka y'ibiryo byo mu itanura. Kugira ngo birusheho kugabanuka, guhindura igipimo (urugero, 1:2) bigabanya ingano ya sufure kugeza kuri 2.30%.
• Ububiko bwihariye n'uburyo bwo guhuza neza:
  Koke irimo sulfure nyinshi n'ifite sulfure nkeya igomba kubikwa ukwayo kugira ngo hirindwe kwanduzwa. Mu gihe cyo gukusanya, indobo zo gufata zikoreshwa mu kuvanga ibikoresho hakurikijwe ingano, kugira ngo habeho kuvanga neza mbere yo kwinjira muri calciner no gutuma sulfure ikomeza kuba mu byiciro by'ingenzi.
• Gutunganya Uburyo bwo Kubaka Ingano:
  Gukurikirana neza ubushyuhe bwa calcination (ubusanzwe 1250–1350°C) no kumara igihe gihagije cyo kwinika ni ingenzi kugira ngo bigabanye ibisigazwa by’amazi bihindagurika kandi binoze ubwiza bwa calcined coke. Guhindura ibipimo byemeza ko calciner ikora neza.

3. Uburyo bwo gukoresha inganda ku biryo bya sulfure ntarengwa

• Ubushakashatsi ku bakozi ba Anode yo mu rugo itekeshejwe mbere:
  Koka ya peteroli ifite sulfure ya 3.0% ishobora gukurwamo kalisiyumu nta kindi kintu cyakozweho, bigaragaza ko inganda zihuriweho mu kuringaniza ubwiza bwa anode n'uburyo ihendutse bwo kuyikoresha.
• Icyitonderwa cy'Amabwiriza Mpuzamahanga:
  Inganda za aluminiyumu muri rusange zikenera ingano ya sufuri ≤3.0% muri koke ya peteroli. Urugero, koke ya peteroli ya Grade 3B igena aho sulfure igarukira 3.0%, ikwiriye gukorwamo anode itetse mbere.

4. Ingaruka zo kurenza urugero rw'ibinure bya sarufe

• Ubwiza bwa Anode bwagabanutse:
  Sulfure nyinshi yongera ubushyuhe, bigatera guturika, gucika intege, no gukoreshwa cyane mu gihe cy'amashanyarazi. Ubushobozi bwo kurwanya anode bwinshi bwongera ingufu z'uturemangingo n'ingufu za aluminiyumu kuri toni imwe.
• Ihumana ry’ibidukikije rikabije:
  Ubwiyongere bw'imyuka ya SOₓ mu gihe cy'amashanyarazi yangiza imiterere y'ikirere kandi binyuranyije n'amabwiriza agenga ibidukikije.
• Imyambaro y'ibikoresho byihuta:
  Filimi za sulfide (urugero, FeS) ku nkoni za anode zongerera ubushobozi bwo gukorana n'ibikoresho, zigatuma byangirika vuba kandi zikagabanya igihe cyo gukora.