Ni ibihe bipimo by'ingenzi bigomba kugenzurwa neza mu gihe cyo gukora kugira ngo hamenyekane ubuziranenge bwa koke ya peteroli ya nyuma ifite graphite?

Mu ikorwa rya peteroli ya graphised coke, ni ngombwa kugenzura neza ibipimo by'ingenzi bikurikira kuva ku guhitamo ibikoresho fatizo, gutunganya mbere, gutunganya nyuma yo gutunganya kugira ngo harebwe ubuziranenge bw'umusaruro wa nyuma:

I. Guhitamo no gutunganya ibikoresho mbere y'uko bivurwa

Ingano ya sulfure

• Ibipimo ngenderwaho: Ingano ya sulfure muri coke mbisi ya peteroli igomba kuba ≤0.5%. Coke ifite sulfure nyinshi ishobora gutuma gaze yiyongera mu gihe cyo gukoresha graphitization, bigatuma ibicuruzwa bicika.
• Ingaruka: Buri kugabanuka kwa 0.1% kw'ingano ya sulfur bigabanya igipimo cyo gucika kw'ibicuruzwa ku kigero cya 15%-20% kandi bigabanya ubushobozi bwo guhangana nabyo ku kigero cya 5%-8%.

Ibirimo ivu

• Igipimo ngenderwaho: Ivu rigomba kuba ≤0.3%, imyanda y'ibanze ikaba ari okiside z'icyuma nka icyuma, silicon na kalisiyumu.
• Ingaruka: Buri kwiyongera kwa 0.1% kw'ivu byongera ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ibicuruzwa ku kigero cya 10%-15% kandi bigabanya imbaraga za mekanike ku kigero cya 8%-10%.

Ingano y'uduce duto

• Igipimo ngenderwaho: Koke y'ibinure igomba kuba ≥80%, mu gihe koke y'ifu (ingano y'uduce duto <0.5 mm) igomba kuba ≤20%.
• Ingaruka: Coke ifu nyinshi ishobora gutuma ifata mu gihe cyo gukaraba, bigatera ingaruka ku gukuraho ibintu bihindagurika; ubwiyongere bw'ubunini bwa coke igabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu za graphitization ku kigero cya 5%-10%.

Uburyo bwo gukaranga

• Ubushyuhe: 1200-1400°C mu gihe cy'amasaha 8-12.
• Imikorere: Ikuraho ibintu bihindagurika (kuva kuri 8%-15% kugeza kuri <1%) kandi yongera ubucucike nyakuri (kuva kuri 1.9 g/cm³ kugeza kuri ≥2.05 g/cm³).
• Aho kugenzura: Ubucucike nyakuri nyuma yo gukaraba bugomba kuba ≥2.08 g/cm³; bitabaye ibyo, ingorane zo gukoresha graphitization ziyongera, kandi ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ingufu bukiyongera.

II. Uburyo bwo gushyira mu bikorwa igishushanyo mbonera (Graphitization)

Kugenzura ubushyuhe

• Igipimo cy'ibanze: 2800-3000°C, gikomeza gukoreshwa amasaha 48-72.
• Ingaruka:
  • Buri kongererwa k'ubushyuhe bwa dogere selisiyusi 100 byongera ubwiza bwa kristali ku kigero cya 5%-8% kandi bigabanya ubushobozi bwo guhangana nabyo ku kigero cya 3%-5%.
  • Ubushyuhe budahagije (<2700°C) butuma habaho ibisigazwa bya karuboni bidafite isura, hamwe n’ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ibicuruzwa >15 μΩ·m; ubushyuhe bukabije (>3100°C) bushobora kwangiza imiterere ya karuboni.

Ubushyuhe bungana

• Ihame ryo kugenzura: Itandukaniro ry'ubushyuhe hagati y'imbere y'itanura n'inkombe ≤150°C, hamwe n'intera ya thermocouple ≤30 cm.
• Ingaruka: Buri kongererwa kwa dogere selisiyusi 50 mu bushyuhe byongera ihinduka ry’ubudahangarwa bw’aho hantu ku kigero cya 10%-15% kandi bigabanya umusaruro ku kigero cya 5%-8%.

Igipimo cy'ubushyuhe

• Ihame ry'igenzura:
  • Icyiciro cya 25-800°C: ≤3°C/h (kugira ngo hirindwe ko ubushyuhe bucika).
  • Icyiciro cya 800-1250°C: ≤5°C/h (kugira ngo habeho imiterere ya karuboni ihamye).
• Ingaruka: Ubushyuhe bwinshi butuma ingano y'ibicuruzwa igabanuka ku kigero cya 15%, bigatera kwangirika.

Ikirere kirinda

• Igipimo ngenderwaho: Igipimo cya azote kiri hagati ya 0.8-1.2 m³/h, cyangwa ikoreshwa rya argon/vacuum environment.
• Imikorere: Kurinda ogisijeni no kugabanya umwanda (urugero, ogisijeni igabanuka kuva kuri 0.5% kugeza kuri <0.1%).

III. Gutunganywa no gusukurwa nyuma yo kuvurwa

Igipimo cyo gukonjesha

• Igipimo ngenderwaho: Igipimo cyo gukonjesha gihoro ≤20°C/h nyuma yo gushushanya.
• Ingaruka: Gukonjesha vuba bitera ubushyuhe busigaye, bigabanya ubudahangarwa bw'ubushyuhe bw'ibicuruzwa ku kigero cya 30%-50%.

Gucukura no Gusuzuma

• Igipimo cy'igenzura: Ingano y'uduce D50 igenzurwa kuri 10-20 μm, hamwe n'ubuso butwikiriye (urugero, ubushyuhe cyangwa umwuka w'imiti) ingano y'ubugari ≤5%.
• Imikorere: Inoza imiterere y'uduce duto kandi yongera ubucucike bw'ibicuruzwa (kuva kuri 0.8 g/cm³ kugeza kuri ≥1.2 g/cm³).

Uburyo bwo kuvura isuku

• Gusukura Halogen: Gazi ya Cl₂ ikora kuri 1900-2300°C mu gihe cy'amasaha 24, bigabanura ubushyuhe bugera kuri ≤50 ppm.
• Gusukura imashini ikoresha umwuka: Bigumana imashini ikoresha umwuka wa 10⁻³ Pa mu gihe cy'amasaha 50, bigatuma isuku yose igera kuri ≤10 ppm (ku bikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru).

IV. Incamake y'ingingo z'ingenzi zo kugenzura

V. Ibyerekezo by'ikoranabuhanga n'amabwiriza yo kunoza

Kugenzura Imiterere ya Ultrafine: Tegura ikoranabuhanga ryo gutegura ifu ya coke ya 0.1-1 μm kugira ngo wongere isotropi no kugabanya ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ubushyuhe kugeza kuri <5 μΩ·m.
Sisitemu zo gukora ibintu mu buryo bw'ubwenge: Shyiraho sisitemu zo kugenzura ubushyuhe bushingiye ku ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo wongere umusaruro ugere kuri 95%.
Uburyo bw'icyatsi kibisi: Koresha hydrogen nk'ikintu kigabanya imyuka ya CO₂; koresha ikoranabuhanga ryo kugarura ubushyuhe kugira ngo ugabanye ikoreshwa ry'ingufu ku kigero cya 10%-15%.

Mu kugenzura neza ibi bipimo, coke ya peteroli ya grafiti ishobora kugera ku gipimo cya karuboni ≥99.9%, ikagira ubushobozi bwo guhangana na 5-7 μΩ·m, hamwe n'ubushyuhe bwa 1.5-2.5×10⁻⁶/°C, ikubahiriza ibisabwa n'inganda zikora cyane.