Karuboni nyinshi idahinduka na sulfur nkeya, azote nkeya n'umuvu muke ni ingenzi cyane ku bintu bitera kaburimbo, kuko ibi bipimo bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku mikorere ya kaburimbo, ireme ry'ibikomoka ku gucukura no ku giciro cy'umusaruro, kandi ni byo bipimo by'ingenzi mu gusuzuma imikorere y'ibintu bitera kaburimbo. Isesengura ryihariye ni iri rikurikira:
1. Karuboni ihoraho cyane: Ishingiro rya karuboni ryongera umusaruro
Imikorere y'ingenzi: Karuboni idahinduka ni igice cy'ingenzi kigira uruhare mu kongera karuboni mu kongera karuboni, kandi ingano yayo igena mu buryo butaziguye ingaruka z'ubwiyongere bwa karuboni. Uko ingano ya karuboni idahinduka ari nyinshi, ni ko ibintu byinshi bya karuboni bishobora gutangwa n'inyongera ya karuboni kuri buri gipimo, kandi ni ko imikorere myiza yo kongera karuboni irushaho kuba myiza.
Ubukungu: Karuboni nyinshi idahinduka ishobora kugabanya ingano y'inyongera za karuboni zikoreshwa kandi ikagabanya ikiguzi cyo gukora. Urugero, niba ingano ya karuboni idahinduka yiyongereye kuva kuri 90% kugeza kuri 95%, imikorere ya karuboni ishobora kwiyongeraho 10% kugeza kuri 15%, mu gihe bigabanya ukwivanga kw'imyanda nk'ivu mu ishongeshwa ry'amabuye.
Uburyo bwo guhuza: Mu gushongesha ifuru ikoresha induction, ibintu bikoresha karubone nyinshi bishobora gushonga vuba kandi bigakwirakwira neza, birinda ihindagurika ry'imikorere yo gucukura riterwa no kwinjiza karubone mu buryo butaringaniye.
2. Ivu rike: Rigabanya ihungabana ry’imyanda kandi rikongera ubushobozi bwo gushongesha ivumbi
Ingaruka z'ivu: Ivu ni umwanda utari uwa karuboni mu byuma bikoreshwa mu kongeramo karuboni (nk'ibinyabutabire by'icyuma, ibinyabutabire, nibindi). Iyo ingano yaryo iri hejuru cyane, rizakora urwego rw'ivu, rigafunga uduce twa karuboni kandi rikabuza gushonga kwabyo, bigabanura cyane igipimo cyo kwinjiza karuboni. Urugero, iyo ingano y'ivu izamutse kuva kuri 2% kugeza kuri 5%, igipimo cyo kwinjiza karuboni gishobora kugabanukaho 20% kugeza kuri 30%.
Umutwaro w'ibikorwa: Ivu rinini rizongera ingano y'ivu, rikongera igihe cyo gusukura ivu, kandi rikongera ikoreshwa ry'ingufu n'imbaraga z'abakozi. Mu itanura rikoresha umuyoboro ushongesha, ivu rishobora kuziba umuyoboro ushongesha kandi rigagabanya imikorere y'amashanyarazi.
Ingaruka z'ubwiza: Imyanda iri mu ivu ishobora kwinjira mu byuma bicukurwamo, bigatera inenge nko gupfundika no gushonga, ibyo bikaba byagira ingaruka ku miterere y'ibikoresho n'ubwiza bw'ubuso.
3. Sulfure nkeya: Yirinda ko spheroidization ibangamira kandi ikubahiriza imikorere y'icyuma gishongeshejwe
Ingaruka za sulfure: Sufure ni "ikintu kibi" ku butare butose. Ishobora kubangamira imikorere y'ibintu bihindura imiterere y'icyuma (nk'umunyu wa manyeziyumu n'ubutaka butose), bigatera kugorama no kugabanya umubare w'uduce twa graphite, ndetse no kugaragara kwa graphite y'uduce duto, bigagabanya cyane imbaraga n'ubukana bw'ibice bicuzwe.
Ibisabwa mu mikorere: Mu gihe cyo gukora icyuma gikozwe mu buryo bwa ductile, ingano ya sulfure mu cyuma cyashongeshejwe igomba kugenzurwa neza kuri ≤0.015%. Kubwibyo, ingano ya sulfure mu cyongera karuboni igomba kuba iri hasi cyane (ubusanzwe ≤0.05%) kugira ngo hirindwe ibyago byo kongeramo sulfure.
Ibitandukanye n'icyuma cy'umukara: Icyuma cy'umukara gisaba ingano runaka ya sulfur (0.06%-0.12%) kugira ngo gikomeze guhagarara neza no gukumira kwaguka kwa graphitization. Ariko, ingano ya sulfur muri carburizer iracyakeneye kugenzurwa mu buryo buciriritse kugira ngo hirindwe ingano nyinshi ya sulfur ituma habaho ingano y'icyuma cy'umweru.
4. Azote nke: Irinda ubusembwa bw'imirongo kandi igatunganya imiterere ya metallographic
Ubunini bwa azote: Mu cyuma cy’umukara, azote ishobora gutuza pearlite no kugonda no kunyura muri grafiti, bityo yongera imiterere ya mekanike (nk'imbaraga zo gukurura no gukomera). Ariko, iyo ingano ya azote irenze urugero rw’ingano (hafi 140ppm), ibyuma bishongeshwa bishobora kugira utwenge twa azote tumeze nk'imiyoboro, bigatuma igipimo cy’ibisigazwa cy’ibisigazwa cyiyongera.
Kugenzura uko ibintu bigenda: Ingano ya azote iri muri kaburizeri ikoreshwa mu byuma bikozwe mu cyuma cy’umukara igenzurwa kuri 70-120 PPM, mu gihe ku byuma bikozwe mu cyuma, byoroshye kwangirika, kaburizeri ifite azote nkeya (nka ≤200ppm) igomba gutoranywa.
Ibisabwa mu gukoresha neza: Mu bikoresho bikozwe neza nka moteri, azote nyinshi ishobora gutuma habaho imiterere idakwiye ya mekanike. Kubwibyo, inyongera za azote nkeya ni ingenzi cyane.
Ingaruka rusange: Ingwate yo gukata neza, nziza kandi ihendutse
Kongera karuboni mu buryo bunoze: Karuboni nyinshi idahinduka kandi ivu rike rituma karuboni ishonga vuba kandi igafata neza, bigabanya igihe cyo kuyishongesha.
Ifumbire nziza: Sulfure nke na azote nke birinda kwangirika kwa spheroidi n'inenge z'umuyoboro, bikerekana imiterere ya mekanike n'ubwiza bw'ubuso.
Kugenzura ikiguzi: Mu kugabanya ingano y'inyongeramusaruro za karuboni zikoreshwa, kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu n'umuvuduko w'ibicuruzwa bifite inenge, ikiguzi cy'umusaruro muri rusange cyaragabanutse cyane.
Igenzura ry'ibyiciro
Inyongeramusaruro ya karuboni ya grafiti: Karuboni idahinduka ≥99%, ivu ringana ≤0.5%, sulfur ≤0.05%, azote ≤200ppm. Ikwiriye icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma kandi ifite ubushobozi bwo kongeramo karuboni burenga 90%.
Inyongeramusaruro ya karuboni ya anthracite irimo calcium: Karuboni idahinduka 90%-95%, ivu 4%-5%, sulfur 0.3%-0.5%, azote 800-1200ppm. Ikwiriye icyuma cy'umukara, ariko ingano igomba kugenzurwa kugira ngo hirindwe sulfur na azote nyinshi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-25-2025