Gukoresha ibyuma bikoreshwa mu gukora amashanyarazi mu itanura ry’amashanyarazi (EAF) bigiye gukomeza guteza imbere ukwiyongera kw’ibikenewe bya electrode za grafiti, ibintu by’ingenzi bikomoka ku guhuza ubuyobozi bwa politiki, iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga, n’ibikenewe ku isoko. Isesengura ryihariye ni iri rikurikira:
I. Inshingano zishingiye kuri politiki: Ingano yiyongereye y’ubukorikori bwa EAF mu byuma byagura mu buryo butaziguye ishingiro ry’ibikenewe kuri electrode za grafiti
1. Politiki y'Ubushinwa yo Gusimbuza Ubushobozi mu Ntego za "Dual Carbon"
Ubushinwa burateganya kuzamura igipimo cy’ubukorikori bwa EAF kuva kuri 10% kugeza kuri 15%-20% mu 2025, politiki izatuma ubukorikori bwa electrode za grafiti burushaho kwiyongera. Urugero, hamwe n’uko ubukorikori bwa electrode za grafiti buteganijwe mu bukorikori bwa EAF bugera kuri toni 860.000 mu 2025, bikaba bigaragaza ko buzaba bwiyongeraho hafi 10% buri mwaka, ubukorikori buzakomeza kwiyongera nibugera kuri 20%.
2. Kugaruka k'ubusabe bw'ibyuma ku isi n'ibitutu bikomoka ku bidukikije
Biteganijwe ko igikenewe ku byuma ku isi kizongera kuzamukaho toni miliyari 1.2% kikagera kuri miliyari 1.772 mu 2025. Hamwe n'amahame mpuzamahanga agenga ibidukikije nka gahunda yo kugabanya imipaka ya karuboni mu muryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi (CBAM), gukora ibyuma bisanzwe byo mu itanura (bifite imyuka ya karuboni iri hejuru ya 60%-70% kurusha EAFs) bihura n'igitutu cyiyongera cyo guhagarika, bigatuma gukoresha EAF mu gukora ibyuma biba ikintu cy'ingenzi ku isi.
II. Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga: Electrode za Graphite zifite imbaraga nyinshi cyane nk'ibikoresho by'ingenzi byo kongera imikorere myiza ya EAF
1. Ibisabwa mu mikorere ikomeye kuri Electrode za Graphite muri EAF Process
Electrode za grafiti zifite imbaraga nyinshi (UHP), zirangwa no kutagira imbaraga nyinshi (≤6 μΩ·m) n'imbaraga nyinshi zo guhindagurika (≥15 MPa), ni ingenzi cyane mu kongera imikorere ya EAF. Uko imbaraga za arc ziyongera, inzira zo gushongesha zisaba electrode za grafiti zifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya oxidation no kurwanya ubushyuhe, bigatuma igiciro cy'ibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru cyiyongera.
2. Kwiyongera kw'isoko ry'ibicuruzwa by'igiciro cyinshi
Biteganyijwe ko igiciro cya electrode za UHP kizarenga RMB 18.000 kuri toni, aho isoko ryazo ryiyongera kugera kuri 60% by'ibikenewe byose. Ibigo bikomeye (urugero, Fangda Carbon na Graftech) byabonye umwanya ukomeye ku isoko ryo ku rwego rwo hejuru binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga ryigenga, mu gihe ibigo bito n'ibiciriritse (SMEs) birimo kuvaho kubera ibidukikije n'ibiciro, bigatuma inganda ziyongera cyane.
III. Ibitera ibyifuzo ku isoko: Gukoresha ibikoresho bikomeye mu bucukuzi bw'ibyuma bya EAF no kwaguka mu nzego zikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere
1. Ibiranga ikoreshwa ry’icyuma cya EAF mu buryo buhamye
Ubukorikori bwa EAF bukoresha electrode za grafiti zigera kuri 1.5-2.5 kg kuri toni y'icyuma, bigaragaza ko ubwinshi bw'ibikenewe buhagaze neza. Nubwo ikoreshwa rya toni ryagabanutse kuva kuri 3.5 kg rigera kuri 1.2 kg bitewe n'uko EAFs zakoreshejwe cyane (urugero, amatanura y'amashanyarazi ari hejuru ya 100T) no kunoza uburyo bwo gushongesha, muri rusange icyifuzo gikomeje kwiyongera uko ubushobozi bwacyo bwazamuka.
2. Ubusabe bwiyongereye buturuka mu nzego zikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere
- Urwego Rushya rw'Ingufu: Umusaruro w'ibikoresho bya anode bya bateri ya lithiamu-ion ushingiye ku bicuruzwa bya grafiti. Umusaruro w'ibikoresho bya anode ku isi uteganijwe kugera kuri toni miliyoni 2.625 mu 2025, aho Ubushinwa bufite hejuru ya 98%, ibyo bikaba bituma hakenerwa uburyo bwo gutunganya grafiti ya electrode ya grafiti.
- Urwego rwa Semiconductor: Electrodes za grafiti zikoreshwa neza cyane zikoreshwa mu itanura rikura kristu n'ibikoresho byo gushushanya, zisaba urwego rwo gusukura ruri hejuru ya 99.999%. Gukenera cyane kwa chips za 5G na AI bituma igipimo cy'ubwiyongere bw'ubukene buri mwaka kirenga 15%.
- Umusaruro wa Silicone n'umuhondo wa Fosifore: Inganda zikora imiti zisaba electrode zifite umutekano kandi ziramba, aho electrode za grafiti ari zo ziganza.
IV. Imbogamizi n'Ibisubizo by'Inganda: Impinduka mu Miterere y'Ibiciro n'Imbogamizi ku Bidukikije
1. Izamuka ry'ibiciro by'ibikoresho fatizo
Mu ntangiriro za 2025, ibiciro bya needle coke byazamutseho RMB 5,500 kuri toni mu gihe cy'amezi atandatu bigera kuri RMB 32,000 kuri toni, mu gihe ibiciro bya peteroli bya sulfure bike byarenze RMB 7,300 kuri toni, bigaragaza ko izamuka rya 57% ugereranyije n'umwaka. Amasosiyete arimo kugabanya ikiguzi binyuze mu guteza imbere ubushobozi bwo gukora needle coke (urugero, binyuze mu guhuza imiterere y'ibigo), bigaragaza inyungu zo guhangana n'ibigo bikomeye.
2. Politiki z'ibidukikije zigamije kongera ubushobozi
Kubangamira ibidukikije mu turere nka Hebei na Henan byatumye habaho ubucucike bw'ibicuruzwa mu gihe runaka, mu gihe ikoreshwa ry'ingufu nyinshi mu bikorwa byo gushushanya rigabanya ubushobozi bwo kongera. Ibigo bigomba gushyiraho uburyo bwo "gutunganya-kugarura-kuvugurura" kugira ngo byubahirize amahame mpuzamahanga agenga ibidukikije nka EU CBAM.
Umwanzuro: Kwemezwa kwa EAF Steelmaking nk'umuyoboro w'ingenzi mu kwiyongera k'ubusabe bwa Graphite Electrode
Bitewe n’imbaraga zihuriweho z’amabwiriza ya politiki, iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga, n’ibyifuzo by’isoko, gukoresha EAF mu bukorikori bw’ibyuma bizakomeza guteza imbere izamuka ry’ibiciro bya electrode ya grafiti. Nubwo hari imbogamizi nko kwiyongera kw’ibiciro by’ibikoresho fatizo n’imbogamizi ku bidukikije, inganda zirimo guhuza imiterere y’izamuka ry’ibiciro binyuze mu buryo bworoshye (urugero, electrode za UHP), ubwenge (urugero, ikoranabuhanga rya digitale), n’impinduka mu buryo bw’ibidukikije (urugero, sisitemu zifunganye). Mu gihe urebye imbere, ibigo bikomeye bifite ububiko bw’ikoranabuhanga n’ubushobozi bwo guhuza imiterere y’isoko bizaganza isoko, mu gihe ubufatanye hagati y’inzego zitandukanye (urugero, ubushakashatsi n’iterambere hagati ya bateri za graphene na electrode) bushobora kuba intambwe ikomeye mu gutsinda inzitizi z’iterambere.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-20-2025