Kubera ko umusaruro w’ibikomoka kuri peteroli ugenda ugabanuka cyane, ni gute inganda zikora calcium zigomba guhindura ingamba zazo zo gukoresha mu gutunganya lisansi?

Guhindura ingamba z'ibikoresho fatizo ku bakora peteroli ya calcium mu gihe habayeho kugabanuka k'umusaruro wa sulfure muke

Mu gihe hakomeje kugaragara ko peteroli ya coke ifite sulfure nkeya (ingano ya sulfure <1%, cyane cyane sulfure coke ifite ultra-low <0.5%) ikomeje kwiyongera ndetse n'irushanwa ry'ibikenewe bivuye mu bikoresho bya anode ya bateri ya lithium hamwe na anode zitetse mbere, inganda zikora calcination zigomba guhindura ingamba zazo z'ibikoresho fatizo zikava mu gushaka sulfure nkeya zigakoresha uburyo buhamye bwo kuzuzanya mu masoko menshi, gukoresha amashanyarazi menshi, gusimbuza ikoranabuhanga, no gukumira ibyago. Igitekerezo cy'ingenzi gishobora gusobanurwa muri ubu buryo bukurikira:

I. Ivugurura ry'imiterere y'ibikoresho fatizo: Kuva kuri "Sulfure nkeya" kugeza kuri "Kuvanga Sulfure nkeya + Sulfure iri hagati mu buryo bwa siyansi"

Ikintu gikomeye cya coke idafite sulfur nyinshi ni uko ihenze kandi ikaba nke. Mu bihe byashize, inganda zikora calcium zakoreshaga coke idafite sulfur nyinshi kugira ngo zirebe ko ibicuruzwa bya sulfur byujuje ibisabwa. Ariko, mu gihe hari ibicuruzwa bike kandi ibiciro byari hejuru cyane (mu 2025, igiciro mpuzandengo cya coke idafite sulfur nyinshi cyazamutseho umwaka ku mwaka kirenga 57% icyarimwe), iyi nzira ntabwo igikora.

Ingamba zifatika ni ugushyiraho sisitemu yo “kuvanga sulfur mu rugero rwo hejuru”. Anode zitetse mbere hamwe na electrode zisanzwe za grafiti zifite ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ingano ya sulfur. Coke ya sulfur iri hagati ishobora kuvangwa na coke ya sulfur mu rugero runaka (urugero: low-sulfur: medium-sulfur = 4:6 cyangwa 3:7) kugira ngo bigabanye cyane ikiguzi cy’ibikoresho fatizo mu gihe byujuje ibisabwa na sulfur mu rwego rwo hasi. Icy'ingenzi ni ukubaka ububiko bw’amakuru kuri buri gice cy’ibikoresho fatizo bikubiyemo ingano ya sulfur, ibintu bihindagurika, ubucucike nyabwo, n’ibintu bifatika (V, Ni, Fe, nibindi), no gukoresha ingero zo gushushanya kugira ngo ubare neza ingano yo kuvanga kugira ngo urebe ko imiterere ya fiziki ya coke ya calcined ihamye.

Ku nganda zitunganya calcium, bivuze ko uruhande rutanga amasoko rugomba gufatanya amasoko ya coke ipima ubushyuhe bw'ikigereranyo (coke ipima ubushyuhe bw'ikigereranyo ituruka mu nganda zigenga zo mu gihugu ingana na 38% by'isoko ryose kandi ni nyinshi), aho gushyira igitutu cyose ku isoko kuri coke ipima ubushyuhe bw'igice gito.

II. Gutandukanya imiyoboro y'ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga: Gufunga amasoko ahamye no gukwirakwiza ibyago bya politiki y'isi

Coke yo mu rugo ikoresha lisafuriya nkeya ingana na 14% by'umusaruro wose wa coke ya peteroli (muri yo harimo sulfure <0.5% ingana na 4%) gusa, mu gihe anode za bateri ya lithium zimaze gukoresha hafi 29% by'umusaruro wa coke yo mu rugo ikoresha lisafuriya nkeya kandi ziracyakomeza kwiyongera cyane. Icyuho cy'umusaruro mu gihugu ntigishobora kuziba mu gihe gito. Kubwibyo, gutumiza coke yo mu rugo ikoresha lisafuriya nkeya biracyari inyongera y'ingenzi, ariko ibimera ntibishobora kwishingikiriza ku isoko rimwe.

Ibikorwa byihariye birimo:

• Gushaka ibicuruzwa mu bihugu byinshi: Uretse amasoko gakondo yo mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati no mu Majyepfo y'Amajyepfo ya Aziya, shyira imbaraga ku nkomoko itari isanzwe ya koka idafite sulfur nka Burusiya na Azerubayijani. Gusinya amasezerano yo gufata ibicuruzwa mu gihe kiri hagati kugeza mu gihe kirekire (imyaka 1-3) hamwe n'uburyo bwo "gupima igiciro + guhindura ibintu mu buryo buhindagurika" kugira ngo habeho ikiguzi.
• Kwagura ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga bifite sulfure nyinshi nk'ibisimbura: Coke ifite sulfure nyinshi ikoreshwa mu bintu bito cyane mu mazu bitetse mbere bitewe n'ibibazo by'ibyuka bihumanya ikirere bya SO₂, ariko amasoko y'ibikomoka kuri karuboni ntabwo akunze cyane sulfure, silicon carbide, calcium carbide, nibindi. Coke ifite sulfure nyinshi muri Aziya y'Amajyepfo y'Uburasirazuba no mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati itanga inyungu zisobanutse ku giciro. Inganda zitunganya calcium zishobora gushyiraho imirongo yihariye ya calcination ya coke ifite sulfure nyinshi igamije ibi bicuruzwa biri hasi.
• Koresha ibikoresho by'igihe kizaza n'amahitamo: Kurinda ingano y'ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga hagati ya 30% na 50%, kandi ukoreshe uburyo bwo kwirinda amadovize kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago bibiri by'ihindagurika ry'ivunjisha hamwe n'ihindagurika ry'ibiciro.

III. Gusimbuza ikoranabuhanga no kunoza formula: Kugabanya kwishingikiriza kuri Koke nkeya ya Sulfur aho ikomoka

Iyi niyo cyerekezo gifite agaciro gakomeye mu gihe kirekire. Ishingiro ry'ibura rya koke nkeya ya sulfure ni impinduka mu miterere y'ibikenewe mu buryo bukurikira - anode za bateri ya lithiamu na electrode za grafiti zo mu rwego rwo hejuru zikura vuba cyane kurusha itangwa ry'ibikoresho. Niba inganda za calcination zikemura ikibazo gusa ku ruhande rw'amasoko, zizahora zikora ibishoboka byose. Zigomba kandi kugira iterambere ku ruhande rw'ikoranabuhanga.

Inzira nyinshi zemejwe cyangwa zirimo gukurikizwa:

• Kuvanga ibikoresho by'inyongera kugira ngo bigabanye ikoreshwa rya coke ya sulfure nke: Kongeramo grafiti, fibre ya karuboni, n'ibindi bikoresho by'inyongera mu miterere y'ibikoresho bya anode n'ibikomoka kuri karuboni byo mu rwego rwo hejuru bishobora kugabanya ikoreshwa rya coke ya sulfure nke ku kigero cya 10%–15%. Mu gihe kimwe, uburyo bwo guteka no gushyira mu bikorwa graphitization bushobora kugabanya ikoreshwa rya coke ya peteroli ku kigero cya 8%–10%.
• Gusimbuza igice cy’umusemburo w’ibikomoka ku makara: Umusemburo w’ibikomoka ku makara ugura hafi 20% munsi ya petroli, kandi ikoreshwa ryawo mu bikoresho bya anode ryazamutse kuva kuri 15% kugera kuri 28%. Ku bicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe byo ku rwego rwo hejuru, gukoresha hamwe umusemburo w’ibikomoka ku makara na sulfure bike birashoboka. Inganda zitunganya calcium zishobora kongera ubushobozi bwo gukaraba calcium mu buryo bufatika.
• Ubundi buryo: Graphite karemano ifite irangi ryo hejuru (urugero, nano-silicon carbide coating) imaze igihe kirekire kirenga 2.000 cycles ku giciro kiri munsi ya 30% ugereranije na graphite y’ubukorano, kandi isoko ryayo ryariyongereye kuva kuri 15% kugeza kuri 25%. Ibi bitera ipiganwa ritaziguye n’ibigo by’ibikoresho bya anode byishingikiriza kuri coke ifite sulfure nkeya, bigatuma inganda za calcination zitekereza cyane ku gusimbuza ibikoresho fatizo.
• Kugenzura ibikoresho fatizo bishya nka bio-coke: Nubwo bikiri mu rwego rwo kugenzura, bio-coke yagaragaje ubushobozi bwo gusimbuza bimwe mu bicuruzwa bya karuboni kandi ikwiye gukomeza gukurikiranwa na tekiniki n'inganda zikora calcium.

IV. Kunoza Imikorere y'Umusaruro: Gukoresha Inyungu mu Mikorere mu Kugabanya Izamuka ry'Ibiciro by'Ibikoresho Bisanzwe

Izamuka ry'ibiciro by'ibikoresho fatizo ni ibintu bituruka hanze, ariko umusaruro, ikoreshwa ry'ingufu, n'umuvuduko w'ibisigazwa bya koka ya calcium biri mu maboko y'uruganda.

• Kuzamura igipimo cy'umusaruro wa calcined coke: Kunoza ibipimo by'imikorere ya calcine (ubushyuhe bwa calcined, igihe cyo gutura, ikwirakwizwa ry'umwuka) kugira ngo wongere igipimo cy'umusaruro ho amanota 1-2 ku ijana. Iyo ibiciro by'ibikoresho fatizo bizamutseho amayuni amagana menshi kuri toni, uku kwiyongera k'umusaruro kuri 1%-2% bingana no kugabanuka k'ikiguzi cy'ibikoresho fatizo kuri buri gipimo.
• Gukoresha uburyo bwo kugarura ubushyuhe n'ingufu: Gushyiraho uburyo bwo kugarura ubushyuhe kugira ngo bigabanye ikoreshwa ry'ingufu kuri buri gikoresho, no gukoresha amashanyarazi asanzwe n'amashanyarazi adafite ibidukikije kugira ngo bigabanye ikiguzi cy'ingufu zikoreshwa mu gukora.
• Gucunga ububiko bw'ibikoresho hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga: Hubaka uburyo bwo gukurikirana ibiciro by'ibikoresho fatizo kugira ngo ukurikirane ibiciro by'igihe gito n'iby'ejo hazaza mu gihe nyacyo kandi uhindure igihe cyo gutanga amasoko mu buryo bwimbitse. Kuraho ububiko bw'umutungo kuva ku mezi 3 asanzwe kugeza ku mezi 1.5-2, ugabanye ingaruka zo guhuza imari n'ibiciro.

V. Ubufatanye mu ruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa: Guhuza n'ibicuruzwa bizamuka n'ibimanuka kugira ngo tugabane ingaruka

Mu gace gafite ikibazo cy’ibura rya koke idafite sulfur nyinshi, uburyo bwo kugura imodoka ku giti cyayo burashaje.

• Gusinya amasezerano y’ibiciro ajyanye n’abakiriya bo mu cyiciro cya mbere: Guhuza uburyo bwo "guhuza igiciro cya coke - igiciro cy’ibicuruzwa" n’ibigo bya anode byatetse mbere n’abakora ibikoresho bya anode. Iyo ibiciro bya peteroli byazamutse, ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa bihinduka hakurikijwe uburyo bungana, bigahitana igitutu cy’ibiciro byo hasi.
• Gusinya amasezerano y'igihe kirekire n'inganda zitunganya ibikomoka kuri kole kugira ngo ingano ikomeze kwiyongera: Gutanga inguzanyo irenga 50% by'ibiciro bya buri mwaka bya koke ifite sulfure nke binyuze mu masezerano y'igihe kirekire afite ingingo z'ibiciro ntarengwa, wirinde ko isoko ry'igihe gito rihindagurika.
• Kugira uruhare mu guhuza inganda: Gushishikariza amashyirahamwe y’inganda kwitabira kunoza politiki y’imisoro y’ibitumizwa mu mahanga kugira ngo bigabanye ikiguzi cyo gutumiza mu mahanga cya kokasi nyinshi, byagura mu buryo butaziguye ububiko bw’ibikoresho fatizo bishobora gukoreshwa.

Umurongo w'ingenzi

Kubura kwa koke ya sulfur nkeya si uguhindagurika kw'igihe gito ahubwo ni ukunyuranya kw'imiterere y'igihe gito kugeza igihe kirekire (koke ya sulfur nkeya yo mu rugo ingana na 14% gusa by'umusaruro wose, mu gihe icyifuzo cya anode ya batiri ya lithium kirimo kwiyongera ku kigero kirenga 10% ku mwaka). Inganda zitunganya calcium zigomba guhindura ingamba zazo z'ibikoresho fatizo kuva ku "gushakisha koke ya sulfur nkeya" zikajya ku buryo bufite ibice bitanu byo "kugenzura imvange, gutandukanya ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga, gusimbuza ibindi, kunoza imikorere, no guhuza imiyoboro y'ibikoresho." Umuntu wese urangije ubu buryo azagira uruhare mu cyiciro gikurikira cy'ibikoresho fatizo.